基于协同进化的约束多目标优化算法

针对约束多目标优化算法存在难以有效地兼顾收敛性和多样性的问题,提出一种基于协同进化的约束多目标优化算法。第一阶段,通过基于稳态演化的可行解搜索方式得到一个具有一定数量可行解的种群;第二阶段,将这个种群拆分为两个子种群,并通过双子种群协同进化的方式实现对收敛性和多样性的兼顾;最后采用标准约束多目标优化问题CF1~CF7、DOC1~DOC7和实际工程问题进行仿真实验,以测试所提算法的求解性能。实验结果表明,与基于约束支配准则的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ-CDP）、两阶段算法（ToP）、推拉搜索算法（PPS）和约束多目标优化的双存档进化算法（C-TAEA）相比,所提算法在反向世代距离（IGD）和超体积（HV）两个指标上均取得了良好的结果,说明所提算法可以有效地兼顾收敛性和多样性。     

求解电动汽车车辆路径问题的双种群协同进化算法

绿色物流领域新兴的电动汽车车辆路径问题,由于需要对车辆路径和充电决策同时优化,搜索空间急剧增大,且需要同时满足容量和电量双重约束,现有方法难以快速找到质量较优的可行解。为此,提出一种基于双种群的协同进化算法,通过忽略电量约束构造简单带容量约束的车辆路径问题,辅助原始复杂问题的快速求解。为实现其间信息交互,设计一种基于改进距离邻接矩阵的解序列特征表示方法,旨在同时获取客户访问顺序和车辆指派信息;利用降噪自编码器构建2个问题解之间转换关系,以实现问题域间知识迁移。将该算法与目前常用的3种启发式算法和2种进化算法在不同规模测试集上进行对比,试验结果表明所提算法具有更快收敛速度且所获解集具有更好收敛性。     

具有约束多目标优化的进化算法

针对带有约束多目标优化问题,提出一种多目标优化进化算法。在选择过程中,采用约束的Pareto支配和聚集距离定义适应值,根据适应值挑选出有代表性的个体。在变异过程中,沿着权重梯度方向搜索来寻找可行的Pareto最优解。最后,采用两个数值算例测草算法的性能,结果表明该算法能获得多目标约束优化问题的可行Pareto最优解并且具有较好的分散性。     

基于多阶段搜索的约束多目标进化算法

现有约束多目标进化算法的约束处理策略无法有效解决具有大型不可行区域的问题，导致种群停滞在不可行区域的边缘；此外，约束条件下的不连续问题对算法的全局搜索能力以及多样性的维持提出了更高的要求。针对上述问题，提出了一种基于多阶段搜索的约束多目标进化算法（CMOEA-MSS），在该算法的3个阶段采用不同的搜索策略。为使种群快速穿越大型不可行区域并逼近Pareto前沿，所提算法在第一阶段不考虑约束条件，利用一种收敛性指标引导种群搜索；在第二阶段采用一组均匀分布的权重向量来维持种群的多样性，并提出一种改进的epsilon约束处理策略，以保留不可行区域中的高质量解；在第三阶段采用约束优先原则，将搜索偏好集中在可行区域以保证最终解集的可行性。CMOEA-MSS与NSGA-Ⅱ+ARSBX(NondominatedSortingGeneticAlgorithmⅡusingAdaptive Rotation-based Simulated Binary crossover)等算法在MW和DASCMOP测试集上对比的结果表明：在MW测试集上，CMOEA-MSS在7个测试问题上获得了最好的IGD(Inverte...     

考虑卸载顺序约束的成品油二次配送车辆路径问题

研究考虑卸载顺序约束的成品油二次配送车辆路径问题,已知油库使用容量有限的多隔舱运输槽车为加油站配送多种类型的成品油,每个隔舱只能装载一种特定的油品,且装载到各个隔舱中的油品具有固定的卸载顺序.已知加油站对各种油品的需求量,假设每个加油站对同一种油品的需求只能由一辆车配送,考虑配送车辆的固定动用成本和运输成本,以总配送成本极小化为目标建立该问题的混合整数规划模型,并设计求解模型的自适应大邻域搜索启发式算法.利用不同规模的算例进行模拟计算与分析,从而验证算法的有效性.实验结果显示:对于小规模算例,大邻域搜索启发式算法能够以较高的概率得到全局最优解;对于中、大规模算例,大邻域搜索启发式算法可以在短时间内得到近似最优解,近似比不超过1.2.所提出的模型和算法可为石油公司制定成品油二次配送计划提供理论依据和决策支持.     

有禁飞区的时间依赖型车辆与无人机协同配送路径优化

本文针对有禁飞区的时间依赖型车辆与无人机协同配送路径问题,综合考虑分时段禁飞的无人机禁飞区域、车辆行驶速度连续变化、车辆及无人机能耗等因素,以车辆派遣成本、车辆能耗成本、无人机能耗成本之和最小为目标建立优化模型.根据问题特征,设计遗传变邻域搜索算法对其进行求解.针对遗传算法易早熟、局部搜索能力较差等缺陷,将变邻域搜索算法与其结合以增强算法的局部搜索能力,引入自适应邻域搜索次数以增强对种群的搜索深度,采用精英保留策略不断改进最优解.通过多组算例验证了算法的有效性,并分析了配送模式、禁飞区数量、车辆行驶速度变化对配送方案的影响,结果表明禁飞区及车辆速度等因素在很大程度上影响物流配送成本.研究成果不仅丰富了车辆与无人机协同配送的场景,拓展了VRP问题的研究,也为物流企业制定配送方案提供了依据.     

“双碳”背景下联合配送冷链物流模型及其求解算法

首先,基于“双碳”战略目标的提出以及物流企业低碳转型的发展趋势,以多中心冷链物流绿色车辆路径问题为研究对象,以碳排放成本、配送成本和时间窗惩罚成本之和最小化为优化目标,建立考虑联合配送和碳交易机制的冷链物流模型;然后,针对遗传算法局部搜索能力差、收敛速度慢等缺点,设计一种具有变邻域搜索操作和动态灾变机制的多种群遗传算法,以标准算例集验证该算法在寻优能力、稳定性、收敛速度等方面的优势;最后,通过实验验证所提出模型的有效性,并从联合配送、决策目标、碳交易机制等多角度进行分析,为冷链物流企业和政府提供管理启示.     

农村电商物流下无人机与车辆协同配送路径优化研究

无人机配送正在成为解决物流末端配送难题的重要手段。无人机与车辆协同配送模式克服了无人机配送能力不足、安全性不高的弊端，是无人机参与配送的重要途径之一。针对农村电商物流“最后一公里”配送难、配送贵问题，考虑无人机与车辆协同方式、多无人机多包裹配送等约束，以配送成本最小化为目标构建混合整数规划模型并提出一种两阶段算法对无人机与车辆协同配送路径优化问题进行求解。第一阶段通过带约束的自适应K-means算法确定车辆停靠点范围，第二阶段设计爬山算子与分裂算子改进遗传算法，求得无人机与车辆配送路径。最后，通过算例实验验证了模型和算法的可行性与有效性。研究成果有望为农村电商物流末端配送降本增效提供新思路和参考价值。     

用于约束多目标优化问题的双群体差分进化算法

首先给出一种改进的差分进化算法,然后提出一种基于双群体搜索机制的求解约束多目标优化问题的差分进化算法.该算法同时使用两个群体,其中一个用于保存搜索过程中找到的可行解,另一个用于记录在搜索过程中得到的部分具有某些优良特性的不可行解,避免了构造罚函数和直接删除不可行解.此外,文中算法、NSGA-Ⅱ和SPEA的时间复杂度的比较表明,NSGA-Ⅱ最优,文中算法与SPEA相当.对经典测试函数的仿真结果表明,与NSGA-Ⅱ相比较,文中算法在均匀性及逼近性方面均具有一定的优势.     

多约束集群目标下武器-目标分配问题

面对未来作战中高密度、多方位的集群智能体,传统点对点饱和攻击已不是最佳策略,可通过选择合适的武器类型和作用点实现火力覆盖,达到武器数量小于目标数量的最大杀伤效果。综合考虑安全目标、毁伤门限、偏好指派等作战需求,首先,建立了多约束多目标武器-目标分配（CMWTA）数学模型;其次,设计了约束违反值的计算方法,并采用个体编码、检测修复和约束支配相结合的方式处理多约束;最后,设计了针对多目标武器-目标分配模型的收敛性度量指标,并基于多目标进化算法（MOEA）框架进行了仿真分析。其中在进化算法框架对比中,SPEA2下的Pareto集合容量主要分布于[21,25]区间内,NSGA-Ⅱ下的Pareto集合容量主要分布于[16,20],而MOEA/D下的Pareto集合容量均小于16;在修复算法验证中,修复算法将三种进化算法框架的Convergence指标提升了20%以上,且可将Pareto解集中不可行解的比例保持在0%。实验结果表明,在求解CMWTA模型中,SPEA2算法框架在分布性和收敛性上优于NSGA-Ⅱ和MOEA/D算法框架,且所提修复算法有效地提高了进化算法对非支配可行解的求解效率。     

Vehicle power train optimization using multi-objective bird swarm algorithm

In this paper, a multi-objective bird swarm algorithm (MOBSA) is proposed to cope with multi-objective optimization problems. The algorithm is explored based on BSA which is an evolutionary algorithm suitable for single objective optimization. In this paper, non-dominated sorting approach is used to distinguish optimal solutions and parallel coordinates is applied to evaluate the distribution density of non-dominated solution and further update the external archive when it is full to overflowing, which ensure faster convergence and more widespread of Pareto front. Then, the MOBSA is adopted to optimize benchmark problems. The results demonstrate that MOBSA gets better performance compared with NSGA-II and MOPSO. Since a vehicle power train problem could be treated as a typical multi-objective optimization problem with constraints, with integration of constrained non-dominated solution, MOBSA is adopted to acquire optimal gear ratios and optimize vehicle power train. The results compared with other popular algorithm prove the proposed algorithm is more suitable for constrained multi-objective optimization problem in engineering field.

     

不确定环境下的危险品运输车辆路径优化

针对非满载危险品运输车辆路径优化问题,通过模糊变量刻画运输过程中的人口密度、行驶速度与运输时间以及客户需求量等方面的不确定因素,考虑载货量变化对风险评估的影响,建立基于动态载货量的风险评估模型,以运输总风险、车辆总行程、车辆使用数最小为优化目标,同时兼顾时间窗、事故概率、载货量等约束构建了不确定环境下的危险品运输车辆路径多目标优化模型。将NSGA-Ⅱ算法与LNS算法相结合,设计混合NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解模型。结果表明,混合NSGA-Ⅱ算法可以获得空间分布均匀且收敛性较好的Pareto解集,不同运输参与者可根据自身偏好在解集中选择相应的配送方案;该算法得到的最优总风险、总行程及车辆使用数目分别比NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化了11.5%、1.0%和14.3%,算法搜索性能和求解精度明显提高。     

带多软时间窗VRP及其禁忌搜索算法

分析了带多软时间窗VRP实际应用背景和特点,以使用的车辆数、行驶费用和偏离时间窗的惩罚费用为优化目标,结合车辆载重、最大路长等限制,建立该问题的数学模型,并设计求解该问题的自适应禁忌搜索算法。为增强算法的全局寻优能力,设计了多邻域结构并在算法中嵌入一种有限地接受不可行解的自适应机制。分别用文献中的算例和以Solomon标准算例为基础构建的新算例测试该算法,并将结果与其他方法进行对比分析。对比结果表明,所提出的算法性能较好,能在可接受的时间内求出运输成本更少、满意度更高的解。     

A multi-objective differential evolutionary algorithm for constrained multi-objective optimization problems with low feasible ratio

Most current evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithms perform well on multi-objective optimization problems without constraints, but they encounter difficulties in their ability for constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs) with low feasible ratio. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a multi-objective differential evolutionary algorithm named MODE-SaE based on an improved epsilon constraint-handling method. Firstly, MODE-SaE self-adaptively adjusts the epsilon level in line with the maximum and minimum constraint violation values of infeasible individuals. It can prevent epsilon level setting from being unreasonable. Then, the feasible solutions are saved to the external archive and take part in the population evolution by a co-evolution strategy. Finally, MODE-SaE switches the global search and local search by self-switching parameters of search engine to balance the convergence and distribution. With the aim of evaluating the performance of MODE-SaE, a real-world problem with low feasible ratio in decision space and fourteen bench-mark test problems, are used to test MODE-SaE and five other state-of-the-art constrained multi-objective evolution algorithms. The experimental results fully demonstrate the superiority of MODE-SaE on all mentioned test problems, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for CMOPs which have low feasible ratio in search space.     

应急物资运输路径多目标优化模型及求解算法

针对应急前期运输商自有车辆不足的实际背景,采用自有车辆和第三方租用车辆共同配送的运输模式,对混合车辆路径的组合优化问题进行研究。首先,考虑需求点和运输商的不同利益诉求,以系统满意度最大、系统配送时间和总成本最小为优化目标,建立带软时间窗的多目标混合车辆路径优化模型。其次,考虑NSGA-Ⅱ算法在求解该类问题时收敛性差和Pareto前沿分布不均匀的缺点,将蚁群算法的启发式策略和信息素正反馈机制用于生成子代种群,非支配排序策略模型用于指导算法的多目标择优过程,并引入变邻域下降搜索以扩大搜索空间,提出求解多目标的非支配排序蚁群算法以突破原有算法瓶颈。算例表明：构建的模型可对决策者在不同的情境下依据不同的优化目标选择合理的路径提供参考,提出的算法在求解不同规模的问题和不同分布类型的问题中均表现出较好的性能。     

A fuzzy multi-objective covering-based vehicle location model for emergency services

Timeliness is one of the most important objectives that reflect the quality of emergency services such as ambulance and firefighting systems. To provide timeliness, system administrators may increase the number of service vehicles available. Unfortunately, increasing the number of vehicles is generally impossible due to capital constraints. In such a case, the efficient deployment of emergency service vehicles becomes a crucial issue. In this paper, a multi-objective covering-based emergency vehicle location model is proposed. The objectives considered in the model are maximization of the population covered by one vehicle, maximization of the population with backup coverage and increasing the service level by minimizing the total travel distance from locations at a distance bigger than a prespecified distance standard for all zones. Model applications with different solution approaches such as lexicographic linear programming and fuzzy goal programming (FGP) are provided through numerical illustrations to demonstrate the applicability of the model. Numerical results indicate that the model generates satisfactory solutions at an acceptable achievement level of desired goals.     

Multi-depot vehicle routing problem: a one-stage approach

This paper introduces multi-depot vehicle routing problem with fixed distribution of vehicles (MDVRPFD) which is one important and useful variant of the traditional multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) in the supply chain management and transportation studies. After modeling the MDVRPFD as a binary programming problem, we propose two solution methodologies: two-stage and one-stage approaches. The two-stage approach decomposes the MDVRPFD into two independent subproblems, assignment and routing, and solves them separately. In contrast, the one-stage approach integrates the assignment with the routing where there are two kinds of routing methods-draft routing and detail routing. Experimental results show that our new one-stage algorithm outperforms the published methods. Note to Practitioners-This work is based on several consultancy work that we have done for transportation companies in Hong Kong. The multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) is one of the core optimization problems in transportation, logistics, and supply chain management, which minimizes the total travel distance (the major factor of total transportation cost) among a number of given depots. However, in real practice, the MDVRP is not reliable because of the assumption that there have unlimited number of vehicles available in each depot. In this paper, we propose a new useful variant of the MDVRP, namely multi-depot vehicle routing problem with fixed distribution of vehicles (MDVRPFD), to model the practicable cases in applications. Two-stage and one-stage solution algorithms are also proposed. The industry participators can apply our new one-stage algorithm to solve the MDVRPFD directly and efficiently. Moreover, our one-stage solution framework allows users to smoothly add new specified constraints or variants.     

Integrated production and delivery with single machine and multiple vehicles

This paper considers a class of multi-objective production–distribution scheduling problem with a single machine and multiple vehicles. The objective is to minimize the vehicle delivery cost and the total customer waiting time. It is assumed that the manufacturer’s production department has a single machine to process orders. The distribution department has multiple vehicles to deliver multiple orders to multiple customers after the orders have been processed. Since each delivery involves multiple customers, it involves a vehicle routing problem. Most previous research work attempts at tackling this problem focus on single-objective optimization system. This paper builds a multi-objective mathematical model for the problem. Through deep analysis, this paper proposes that for each non-dominated solution in the Pareto solution set, the orders in the same delivery batch are processed contiguously and their processing order is immaterial. Thus we can view the orders in the same delivery batch as a block. The blocks should be processed in ascending order of the values of their average workload. All the analysis results are embedded into a non-dominated genetic algorithm with the elite strategy (PD-NSGA-II). The performance of the algorithm is tested through random data. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can offer high-quality solutions in reasonable time.     

一种多目标人工蜂群算法

为将标准人工蜂群算法有效应用到多目标优化问题中,设计了一种多目标人工蜂群算法。其进化策略在利用精英解引导搜索的同时结合正弦函数搜索操作来平衡算法对解空间的开发与开采行为。另外,算法借助了外部集合来记录与维护种群进化过程中产生的Pareto最优解。理论分析表明:针对多目标优化问题,本算法能收敛到理论最优解集合。对典型多目标测试问题的仿真实验结果表明:本算法能有效逼近理论最优,具有较好的收敛性和均匀性,并且与同类型算法相比,本算法具有良好的求解性能。     

改进蚁群算法在路径规划中的应用

针对传统蚁群算法在机器人路径规划时存在收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优等问题,提出了一种基于自适应归档更新的蚁群算法。根据路径性能指标建立多目标性能评估模型,对最优路径进行多指标优化;采用路径方案归档更新策略进行路径方案的更新和筛选,提高算法的收敛速度;当搜索路径进入不可行区域时,采用自适应路径补偿策略转移不可行路径节点,构造可行路径,减少死锁蚂蚁数量;若算法无法避开障碍或者进入停滞状态,则进行种群重新初始化,增加物种多样性,避免算法陷入局部最优。仿真实验表明,改进后的算法收敛速度更快、收敛精度更高、稳定性更好。