扇形优化Dijkstra算法

Dijkstra算法无数次遍历所有的临时标记结点,无疑成为该算法的一个瓶颈。在分析Dijkstra算法的基础上,结合平面网络的特点,从限制搜索范围和限定搜索方向两方面着手,在扇形区域内寻找最短路径,从而完成对Dijkstra算法的优化。优化算法基于有损算法,抛弃寻找最短路径时概率较小的顶点,直接寻求在方向和位置上趋向终点的顶点。它根据用户给出的起始顶点与目标顶点以及搜索的扇形角度查找最短路径。因此,在优化算法中,频繁遍历的顶点数量大幅度减少,提高了算法的速度和运行效率。     

扇形优化Dijkstra算法

Dijkstra算法无数次遍历所有的临时标记结点，无疑成为该算法的一个瓶颈。在分析Dijkstra算法的基础上，结合平面网络的特点，从限制搜索范围和限定搜索方向两方面着手，在扇形区域内寻找最短路径，从而完成对Dijkstra算法的优化。优化算法基于有损算法，抛弃寻找最短路径时概率较小的顶点，直接寻求在方向和位置上趋向终点的顶点。它根据用户给出的起始顶点与目标顶点以及搜索的扇形角度查找最短路径。因此，在优化算法中，频繁遍历的顶点数量大幅度减少，提高了算法的速度和运行效率。     

一种基于双端队列的交通网络最短路径Pallottino优化算法

最短路径算法是计算机科学与地理信息科学领域的研究热点，而标号算法则是最短路径算法中的重要一族。长期以来，对于最短路径的算法实现，绝大多数都是围绕以Dijkstra算法为核心的标号设定算法来展开，而对标号改正算法的研究与应用却非常少见。为了对交通网络最短路径进行更有效、更快速的计算，通过对标号改正算法思想的深入分析，针对其中最具代表性的Pallottino算法，从存储结构和运行结构两方面进行了算法的优化改进，同时分析了该算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度，并利用实际的大规模城市交通网络进行了效率测试。结果显示，与目前公认最优的标号设定算法中基于逼近桶结构的Dijkstra算法相比，该改进的标号改正Pallottino算法具有更好的适用性和更高的运行效率，因此在交通网络最短路径分析应用中具有很高的应用价值。     

国际航线网络中K条最短路径算法改进与仿真

K条最短路径(KSP)问题是国际航线网络实际路径优化问题。通过对航线网络特征与K条最短路径算法的分析,研究了解决KSP问题的典型Yen算法。针对Yen算法求解候选路径占用大量运算时间的问题,提出一种改进Yen算法。改进Yen算法通过借助A*算法的启发式策略,减少了产生候选航线路径的时间,从而提高了算法的搜索效率并减小了算法搜索的规模。通过对国际航线网络实例的仿真,实验结果表明改进Yen算法能够快速求解国际航线网络中的KSP问题;同时,与Yen算法相比,运算效率提升了75.19%以上,能够为航线路径优化提供决策支持。     

基于理论最短距离变权重A*算法的路径规划

在栅格化的障碍物地图中,将简单高效的A*算法引入解决路径规划问题。为了提高路径规划效率,减少搜索节点数量,提出了一种在规定的椭圆区域内,基于理论最短距离动态改变A*算法中估价函数权重的最短路径算法。该算法将搜索范围限定在规定的椭圆区域内,椭圆以起点和终点为焦点,利用统计分析与路径中障碍物尺寸相结合的方法计算长轴参数。将各节点实际代价权重赋予动态变化的权值,以实际代价与起点 到终点 的直线距离的比值为该点权重,且规定了上下限以保证搜索精度。同时,对节点估计代价赋予惩罚函数,远离理论最短路径距离的节点将获得较大的惩罚值,使最终路径靠近理论最短路径。通过仿真实验证明,该算法在保证搜索精度的前提下,大大提高了搜索效率。     

改进Dijkstra算法在GIS导航应用中最短路径搜索研究

研究GIS在电子导航系统应用中的最短路径搜索效率问题。在电子导航系统中对最短路径的搜索效率要求很高。随着城市发展交通线路剧增,传统的基于Dijkstra算法的GIS导航系统不能适应日益复杂的交通线路,存在最短路径搜索效率过低的问题。考虑到GIS空间分布的特性,提出了改进的Dijkstra算法用以解决GIS导航中的最短路径搜索问题。改进算法不仅避免了传统Dijkstra算法逐个节点遍历搜索,而且根据方向优先特性缩小搜索范围,大大减少了搜索工作量,并通过改变搜索节点存储的数据结构提高了最短路径的搜索效率。实验表明,这种改进算法较之传统算法能够有效提高最短路径的搜索效率,满足了电子导航系统对最短路径搜索效率的要求,取得了满意的结果。     

基于偏离路径的煤矿水灾Yen-K最优路径算法

为矿井水灾提供最佳逃生路线,提高应急救援效率,首先引入当量长度,结合水流等巷道相关因素,求解到达安全地点的时间最短路径;其次根据一般矿井具有多个逃生出口的特性,提出一种基于偏离路径的煤矿水灾Yen-K最优路径算法,分别求出从源节点到每个目标节点的前k则最优路径;最后按照长度大小排序求得的所有路径,并结合矿井具体实例选取所需的前若干条逃生路线。在MATLAB环境下,对文章算法与传统的Dijkstra算法、K最短路径（KShortestPaths,KSP）算法进行仿真对比分析,结果显示改进后的算法在求解矿井水灾逃生最优路径时更具准确性和实用性。     

用遗传算法求解最优QoS 划分与路由问题*

未来的通信网将充分支持各种QoS业务,QoS划分与路由问题研究针对QoS业务的最优化问题.首次提出了求解最优QoS划分和路由问题的遗传算法.该算法以K条最短路径来代替全网最优路径,大大加快了算法的运行速度.仿真结果证明了该算法的合理性和有效性.     

基于MapX最短路径搜索算法研究

在深入分析现有最短路径搜索算法和MapX空间特性的基础上,提出了一种基于MapX的局部最短路径搜索算法.该算法依据最短路径沿起点、终点连线方向可能性最大的特征,在小矩形范围内搜索,避免了因道路"振荡"而产生结果失真的问题,减少了搜索的节点数目,降低了搜索规模.实验结果表明,该算法搜索速度快,道路网络结构越复杂,其运行效率越高,具有很强的实用性.     

一种改进的最短路径搜索算法

在深入分析现有最短路径搜索算法和MapX空间特性的基础上,提出了一种基于MapX改进的局部最短路径搜索算法.该算法依据最短路径沿起点、终点连线方向可能性最大的特征,在小矩形范围内搜索,避免了因道路“振荡”而产生结果失真的问题,减少了搜索的节点数目,降低了搜索规模.实验结果表明,该算法搜索速度快,道路网络结构越复杂,其运行效率越高,具有很强的实用性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.