小麦制酒精残渣发酵菌种筛选及其产物小肽的抗氧化活性

研究了小麦制酒精残渣固态好氧发酵菌种的筛选以及发酵过程中产生的小肽的抗氧化活性。选用地衣芽孢杆菌D-1和枯草芽孢杆菌KG109与公司现行的酒曲进行比较,试验了接种量、含水量不同水平,以物料水分高和产小肽多为最优组合,并测定其小肽清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和羟自由基(·OH)活性及总还原力。结果表明,D-1性能最优,接种量3%,含水量70%时,发酵产物中酸溶蛋白和粗蛋白均极显著高于酒曲对照组(P<0.01),其酸溶蛋白含八肽、七肽、五肽、四肽和三肽共5种小肽,除八肽外,其他4种小肽均具有一定的·OH和DPPH清除能力,且5 mg/mL的四肽与0.5 mg/mL谷胱甘肽的总还原力相当。结论:D-1是提高小麦制酒精残渣饲用品质的高效发酵菌种,其固态发酵过程中产生的小肽大部分具有较强抗氧化活性。     

藤椒水提液的体外抗氧化能力

为了研究藤椒水提液的体外抗氧化能力,以二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)做阳性对照,以多酚含量,还原力和羟自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标研究其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:藤椒水提液中多酚含量较为丰富,每1 m L含有多酚2.442 mg。水提液的还原能力、自由基清除率均随其质量浓度的增加而增强,具有一定的抗氧化活性。4 mg/m L的藤椒水提液与0.1 mg/m L的BHT的还原力基本相当,藤椒水提液对·OH、DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为7.65和7.94 mg/m L,20 mg/m L的藤椒水提液的·OH自由基清除率为61.25%,高于1 mg/m L BHT的56.16%,10 mg/m L的藤椒水提液的DPPH自由基清除率为55.01%,而1 mg/m L的BHT的清除率为45.03%。     

黑姜抗氧化活性研究

研究了黑姜的体外抗氧化活性。黑姜是以新鲜的姜为原料,在一定条件下发酵而成。测定了黑姜与新鲜姜醇提物和水提物的抗氧化活性,其中包括清除DPPH自由基能力、清除ABTS自由基能力、清除OH自由基能力、二价铁离子还原能力。结果显示:与新鲜姜相比,黑姜的抗氧化活性增强,醇提物的活性要高于其水提物的活性。黑姜醇提物DPPH自由基清除率,其IC_(50)是0.12mg/mL,ABTS自由基清除率,其IC_(50)是0.04mg/mL,当样品浓度为0.5mg/mL时,OH自由基清除率为36.49%。二价铁离子还原力是鲜姜醇提的1.5倍。通过比较醇提物和水提物的抗氧化活性,得出样品的乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性要优于其水提取物的。     

芝麻粕植酸的超声波辅助提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

为探索芝麻粕植酸的超声波辅助醋酸法提取最佳工艺条件,采用单因素试验及响应面法对植酸提取工艺进行优化,并分析芝麻粕植酸的抗氧化活性。结果表明:芝麻粕植酸提取的最佳工艺条件为超声波功率270 W、超声波时间20 min、醋酸质量分数15%、料液比1∶16、提取时间115 min、提取温度51℃,在最佳工艺条件下芝麻粕植酸的提取率为73.24%。体外抗氧化试验表明,芝麻粕植酸具有一定的抗氧化活性,其还原力、DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率的较适质量浓度分别为80、100μg/mL和120μg/mL。     

河蚬抗氧化肽-锌螯合物抗氧化活性的研究

研究了河蚬抗氧化肽-锌螯合物体外抗氧化能力,以Vc为阳性对照,选用·OH清除率、DPPH·清除率、ABTS~+·清除率、O_2~-·清除率、还原力及对油脂的抗氧化性6种方法,并将其与河蚬抗氧化肽进行比较。结果表明:河蚬抗氧化肽-锌螯合物对4种自由基有一定的清除能力,对·OH、DPPH·、O_2~-·和ABTS~+·的IC_(50)分别为1.44、1.93、3.20 mg/mL和2.26 mg/mL,具有一定的还原力,对猪油及芝麻油的氧化均有抑制效果,且河蚬抗氧化肽-锌螯合物的体外抗氧化活性高于河蚬抗氧化肽,为其在抗氧化活性方面的应用提供理论依据。     

黑曲霉固态发酵制备花生蛋白肽及抗氧化活性研究

研究黑曲霉固态发酵制备花生蛋白肽,为进一步研究发酵花生粕的深加工产品提供理论基础。运用单因素和正交试验方法对固态发酵制备花生蛋白肽工艺条件进行优化,其最佳制备工艺条件为:营养盐溶液添加量15 mL,黑曲霉液添加量1 mL,30℃下发酵36 h。此工艺下制备的花生蛋白肽的可溶性氮浓度达到38.74 mg/mL,发酵液对1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率为81.22%,羟自由基清除率为84.88%。分子量小于5 ku的花生蛋白肽具有较高的抗氧化活性。     

树舌胞内多糖抗氧化活性的研究

目的:探讨树舌胞内多糖(GAPS)体外抗氧化作用.方法:从清除超氧阴离子自由基、抑制羟基自由基的产生、清除DPPH自由基和还原力4个方面,研究了树舌胞内多糖的体外抗氧化效果.结果:树舌胞内多糖有较强的还原力,并在体外对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH有机自由基有较强的清除作用.树舌胞内多糖浓度为1.0mg/mL时,其清除O-2·能力为36.36%;对于·OH,在浓度为2.5mg/mL时,清除率达到56.97%;对于DPPH·,在浓度为1.0mg/mL时,清除率达到45.31%;当树舌胞内多糖浓度为0.5mg/mL时的还原能力与0.03mg/mLVc,相当.结论:树舌胞内多糖具有抗氧化方面的应用开发前景.     

顶孢霉发酵液提取物清除自由基能力的研究

为了研究筛选出的具有抗氧化活性的2株顶孢霉的发酵液提取物清除自由基的能力,本研究制备了2株顶孢霉的发酵液提取物,比较了其清除O2-·、·OH和DPPH·三种自由基的能力.结果表明:2株顶孢霉发酵液提取物的相对还原力(即总抗氧化活性)均显著高于维生素E;对O2-·自由基的清除率也均高于维生素E,其中,菌株YX015更为高效,在1.0mg/mL浓度时对O2-·自由基的清除率达到49.15%;2菌株清除·OH和DPPH·的能力均显著弱于维生素E,但都高于其自身清除O2-·的能力,在浓度达到1.0mg/mL时,菌株CA022对·OH的清除率为60.43%;菌株YX015对·OH的清除率为83.33%.     

紫苏水提取物抗氧化活性评价

研究紫苏水提物抗氧化活性.以3%硼砂水溶液为溶剂,提取紫苏中活性成分,制备紫苏水提物;通过微生物活性纸片法研究紫苏水提物对单线态氧的清除作用及表观抗氧化率,证明其抗氧化活性;测定紫苏水提物的还原力、对DPPH自由基的清除能力,并和抗坏血酸进行比较.结果表明:紫苏水提物为一种有效的抗氧化剂,有效浓度为0.12mg/mL紫苏水提物相当于0.04mg/mL抗坏血酸的还原力;对DPPH自由基有明显的清除能力,在活性成分为0.2mg/mL时,其清除率达到91.93%,相当于0.12%抗坏血酸的清除率.     

酸泡对芝麻粕木酚素抗氧化性的影响

用盐酸溶液浸泡芝麻粕,研究酸浓度、酸泡温度、酸泡时间和料液比对芝麻粕木酚素的抗氧化性影响。通过单因素和正交实验得出最佳酸泡条件为:酸的浓度为0.35 mol/L,酸泡时间为1.5 h,酸泡温度为60℃,料液比为1∶15。此酸泡条件下,木酚素浓度为1 mg/mL时,对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率达到86.35%,而未经酸处理的芝麻粕木酚素的DPPH自由基清除率在同等浓度下为32.27%。结论:酸泡芝麻粕可以增加木酚素的综合抗氧化性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the