An interdisciplinary approach to size enlargement by agglomeration

Agglomeration is a natural phenomenon which has been in existence since solids first formed on earth. Soon, animals and later humans made use of agglomeration for a variety of activities. During the two most recent centuries, as technical development accelerated, empirical improvements of old mechanical techniques still yielded methods and procedures in each of the emerging industries, which solely solved problems within a specific technological field. This resulted in the design of different equipment and systems for similar tasks. They were defined, described and executed in ways that are typical for that particular industry, often with independent attempts to explain the principles and using their own nomenclature.

Only after the elaboration of a common theory, the collection of know-how from many different disciplines and the unbiased evaluation of data did the application of this combined knowledge to the needs of all industries lead to the recognition that size enlargement by agglomeration is a unit operation in its own right and qualifies as an independent field of science.

The paper describes the history of size enlargement by agglomeration, the various developments and applications that have emerged over the years as well as the new, interdisciplinary approach to consistently and uniformly solve agglomeration problems in the different industries.     

高职院校开设集成电路相关专业的可行性研究

集成电路是科技、知识密集型产业,是各国科学技术竞争的必争领域。从我国集成电路产业面临的困境和国家推动政策入手,分析我国集成电路产业分类、产业现状和产业人才需求情况,通过调研我国本科和高职院校集成电路产业人才培养现状,提出我国高职院校的集成电路相关专业建设建议,供高职院校参考,从而为我国集成电路产业发展做出贡献。     

中国陶瓷热工技术和窑炉的发展水平与前景

对20世纪最后20年我国的窑炉热工理论研究与技术开发做了一个回顾,在此基础上对陶瓷窑炉及其产业的发展水平和前景做了展望。将回顾的结果归纳成14个问题,逐一做了评述;然后指出我国已经形成了初具规模、技术水平较高、配套基本齐全的陶瓷窑炉产业,主要窑型—辊道窑、窑车式隧道窑和梭式窑均已达到或接近20世纪90年代国际先进水平。现在,我国的陶瓷窑炉产业不仅已经可以为国内的陶瓷行业提供成套的优质窑炉装备,而且还可为其他一些行业提供部分的工业炉装备,并已具有出口这些窑炉装备的能力。     

碳中和目标下石油与化学工业绿色低碳发展路径分析

石油与化工行业是高耗能、高污染、高碳排的“三高”行业,在碳达峰、碳中和的目标下,促进石油与化学工业和生态环境的协调可持续发展成为亟需解决的热点问题。本文从国家层面和企业层面总结典型国家及其石油与化学工业面对“双碳”目标采取的措施行动,对乙烯、成品油等石油与化工产品不同生产路径的能耗及二氧化碳排放情况进行比较分析,概述中国的区域能源分布特点、各省份的石油与化学工业产值及二氧化碳排放情况,明确提出作为碳排放的大户,石油与化工行业有可能在“十四五”期间被纳入全国碳市场。文中指出石油与化工行业必须在借鉴发达国家先进碳减排经验的基础上,立足本国国情,综合考虑本国的能源分布情况和石油与化工产品生产的能耗及二氧化碳排放情况,建构清洁低碳、节能高效的工艺流程体系,促进石油与化学工业的高质量发展。石油与化学工业二氧化碳减排的核心是区域能源结构的调整和工艺流程的优化,并以此为前提建设绿色集成化工园区,辅之以可再生能源如风能、太阳能等的综合利用,研发碳捕集、利用与封存技术进行碳固定。还提出值得注意的是,由于其他温室气体如甲烷等的减排已经提上日程,我国也应加快相关技术储备。     

Trends in graphene reinforced polyamide nanocomposite for functional application: a review

This review outlines significant aspects and vital progression from polyamide – to – polyamide/graphene nanocomposite – to – technical application. Polyamide forms an important class of engineering thermoplastic polymers with exceptional mechanical, abrasion, wear, barrier, and crystallinity properties. Graphene is a unique nanocarbon having exclusive electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical performance. Consequently, polyamide/graphene nanocomposite has revealed multifunctional properties and high performance owing to the synergistic effect of polymer and graphene. Here, interfacial interaction, dispersion in matrix, and processing technique used affect the final nanocomposite performance. A range of technological fields have been profited using polyamide/graphene nanocomposites including non-flammable materials, membranes, coatings, textile, and packaging industries.     

Der Weg des Leuna Werkes zum Chemieunternehmen: Ein Stück Geschichte der technischen Chemie – Teil 2

The first three decades of the 20th century showed the impressing accomplishments mankind is able to achieve based on intelligence, knowledge, and motivation. The three major syntheses, i.e., the synthesis of ammonia, methanol, and liquid hydrocarbons, which have been developed and realized under presumed impossible circumstances did not only change the world of chemistry and technology. The originality of these syntheses based on elemental raw materials – air, water and fossil carbon sources – led to a confidence in the controllability of technological processes. The consequences of these syntheses provided the impulse to the chemical industry to improve both standard of living and quality of life stepwise and lasting.     

Sauberes Wasser – technische Möglichkeiten,wirtschaftliche Konsequenzen

Clean water – technical possibilities and economic consequences . Water pollution by industrial effluent is becoming more and more of a political warcry which creates a fear of technology – precisely that technology which is largely responsible for the present quality of life. It has so far gone largely unrecognized by the public that industry and municipal authorities have accomplished a great amount in the area of waste water purification. The versatile techniques developed in recent years are summarized, and biological purification is treated in somewhat greater detail. Annual investment in waste water treatment runs at several thousand million DM, and represent a considerable financial burden on industry and municipal authorities. The thesis that economic considerations should play no role in environmental protection is not acceptable in that unqualified form, and would mean that German industry would no longer be competitive in an international arena. Ecological demands cannot be separated from economic considerations. All participants will have to make some compromises on our way to our desired goal of a flourishing economy in an almost intact environment.     

生成兴趣的大学教学

大学教育不仅仅是教给学生课本上的知识,更重要的是教会他们学习的方法,如何去获取有用的知识,以及如何利用所学的知识去解决实际问题。如何培养大学低年级学生的学习兴趣,如果引导他们主动去学习,在化学实验课上,又如何主动细致的去完成动手部分的学习,将是我们大学教学工作中急需要改进和提高的重要部分。     

Risikoermittlung und Sicherheitsanalysen in der chemischen Technik

Risk assessment and safety analysis in chemical engineering . There are in principle two possible ways of assessing the risks originating from industrial plants: the empirical method, which tries to directly evaluate experience from actual hazards and their consequences in the past, and the theoretical-analytical method, which – in so called risk analyses – uses extensive model calculations to deduce risk values from the interrelationship between minor disturbances and major hazards and their possible consequences. It is shown that in the chemical industry reliable results can only be expected from the empirical method, since indispensable prior conditions for the application of risk analysis methods are not given in operating chemical plants. Because of the considerable degree of uncertainty, theoretically assessed values for risk should not – in the chemical industry – be used for decisions. Empirical risk assessment on the other hand is reliable and makes it clear that the risk from chemical activities is fairly low as compared to other natural and manmade risks for both employees of chemical industries and people living near industrial sites. This is, no doubt, the clear result of the consequent use of hazard and safety analysis methods during the planning and development of chemical plant.     

In situ adaptive tabulation for the CFD simulation of heterogeneous reactors based on operator‐splitting algorithm

In situ Adaptive Tabulation algorithm is applied to efficiently solve the chemical substep in the context of the simulation of heterogeneous reactors. A numerical strategy—specifically conceived for unsteady simulation of catalytic devices—has been developed and interfaced, in the context of the operator splitting technique, with the solution of the chemical substep, which requires 70–90% of the total computational time. The algorithm performances have been illustrated by considering a single channel of a honeycomb reactor operating the catalytic partial oxidation of methane and a methane steam reforming packed bed reactor. The application of in situ adaptive tabulation resulted in a speed‐up of the chemical substep up to ～500 times with an overall speed‐up of ～5–15 times for the whole simulation. Such reduction of the computation effort is key to make affordable fundamental computational fluid dynamics simulations of chemical reactors at a level of complexity relevant to technological applications. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 95–104, 2017     

安徽省应用型本科高校联盟中示范专业探索与实践——以合肥学院“化学工程与工艺”专业为例

安徽省应用型本科高校联盟是以省内14所新升本科院校组成的教学、师资和硬件资源共享的高校联盟。其中,合肥学院化学工程与工艺专业以其面向工程一线的应用型人才培养体系、立体化的实践教学体系、多层次的产学研平台、服务地方经济和科研反哺教学等独特的专业优势在安徽省应用型本科高校联盟及其合作平台中起到了示范带头的作用。并以实施＂重视基础知识,强化工程意识,精通专业技能＂的应用型人才培养方案,践行产、学、研一体化的教学和实践体系在联盟高校中起到引领和示范作用。     

Verfahrensingenieure für das 21. Jahrhundert – Herausforderungen für die Hochschulausbildung

Chemical Engineers for the 21st Century – A Challenge to University Education The education of chemical engineers at the dawn of the 21st Century faces enormous challenges. The number of new students has dropped significantly since early 1990s. Globalisation is having an effect on the working environment of the engineering profession and changing the job market for process engineers whose activities now extend far beyond the chemical industry. As a result, universities and engineering schools now face increasing competition for students and scientific staff and for retention of degree programs and departments. This article throws light on the current situation of the universities, changes in working environment and conditions, and the demands placed on future chemical engineers and their education. Whatever changes may occur, e.g. through the introduction of Bachelor and Master degrees, the characteristic and proven profiles of engineering school and university training must be maintained while enhancing the conditions for good graduates.     

中国微藻生物柴油产业的发展机遇和挑战

介绍了国内外研发微藻生物柴油的动态,预见用工业装置生产微藻生物柴油的技术近几年内将取得重大突破,微藻生物柴油产业将成为一个新兴的替代能源产业.我国微藻生物柴油产业化研究和国际水平基本同步,是一个全新的自主创新领域,提出应抓住微藻生物柴油产业的发展机遇.对工业化生产微藻生物柴油的光生物反应器设计技术、微藻培养控制系统、配...     

我国煤制烯烃技术发展现状与趋势分析

煤制烯烃是近几年来盈利状况最好的现代煤化工产品,其发展动向引发石化行业关注。本文介绍了煤制烯烃尤其是经甲醇制烯烃技术的发展现状,探讨了煤制烯烃技术的发展趋势,并对煤制烯烃和外购甲醇制烯烃技术的经济性进行了分析,认为：目前煤制烯烃技术总体上成熟,已在我国得到大规模工业推广,但仍需加强技术创新,早日拥有具有自主知识产权的煤制烯烃全流程一体化成套技术。随着我国煤制烯烃产能快速增长,未来石油烯烃与煤制烯烃的竞争不断加剧,为此应立足行业实际,充分发挥石油化工与煤化工自身优势,加快技术研发与产品结构调整,实现产品结构差异化、高端化,促进石油化工与煤化工优势互补,推动我国化工行业高质量发展。     

Sensortechnik in der Chemie – Status und Trend

Sensor technology in the chemical process industries – status and trends . Sensor technology is used in chemical process industries to provide information on product and process properties. The computerized handling of this information has altered the requirements for sensor systems. New production methods and the automation of existing processes lead to new tasks for sensor systems. The advancement of sensor technology is proceeding on a broad front and in small steps, also exploiting the potential of microelectronics. Model-based measuring methods utilizing a priori knowledge about the process may substantially increase the information gain.     

“双碳”背景下现代煤化工高质量发展研究

“双碳”目标的提出指明了绿色低碳、清洁高效是能源发展的方向。现代煤化工是煤炭清洁转化利用的有效方式,对保障国家能源安全有重要战略意义,但仍属于高碳排放产业,探寻煤化工高端化、低碳化、多元化发展路径迫在眉睫;分析了现代煤化工产业发展现状及面临的挑战,认为通过坚持科技创新,推进煤化工与其他产业协同融合发展,可以加快现代煤化工产业转型升级,实现高质量发展。     

煤化工企业回用水技术现状探讨

为解决我国资源开发和储备与经济发展的矛盾,减少对原油的依赖,近几年在我国主要产煤区积极发展煤化工产业。煤化工是个高污染高耗能行业,周围环境承受着巨大的潜在威胁,煤化工企业污水的再生利用可有效地减轻环境污染,又可解决当前的水资源短缺问题,具有广泛的应用前景和现实意义。文章简要概述了目前水资源状况、煤化工行业现状及常用的污水回用技术。为煤化工产业的可持续发展提供技术手段。     

Advancing glasses through fundamental research

Fundamental research is critical for enabling future breakthroughs in glass science and technology. This is especially true as we approach a new decade of glass research, when addressing technological challenges will require an unprecedented knowledge of structure–property relationships and of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the glassy state. Proper understanding of these issues can be gained only through advances in our knowledge of the physics and chemistry of the glassy state.Recent advances in modeling and simulation have enabled researchers to study glass physics and chemistry at the atomic level. Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations have proved invaluable for understanding the relationships between glass structure and properties. More recently, a master equation approach has been applied in the energy landscape framework to allow for direct simulation of glass transition range behavior on a laboratory time scale.Furthermore, recent experimental studies have led to a great growth in our understanding of pressure effects in glass. In particular, distinct types of glassy phases can be produced using the same composition but different pressure conditions. This effect, dubbed “polyamorphism,” has provided a new depth to our understanding of the thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of glass.