不同矿物和化学组成铝土矿碱溶出过程的最佳化

拜耳法最关键的工序是铝土矿的溶出,此时生成了铝酸钠真溶液: Al(OH)_3+NaOH(?)Na~++(Al(OH)_4)~- Al(OH)_3+2NaOH(?)2Na~++(Al(OH)_5)~(2-) Al(OH)_3+3NaOH(?)3Na~++(Al(OH)_6)~(3-) 该反应为平衡反应,溶解的氧化铝不仅以简单的     

添加剂对铝酸钠溶液晶种分解产生Al(OH)3和Al2O3的影响

研究了疏水性添加剂脂肪酸类阴离子表面活性剂与21-碳烷不同配比对铝酸钠溶液分解产生氢氧化铝和氧化铝的粒度、强度及分解率的影响,考察了产物Al(OH)3和Al2O3的强度和粒度之间的关系,探讨了添加剂影响铝酸钠溶液晶种分解的相关机理.结果表明:脂肪酸质量分数在32%～49%,添加剂加入量为150×10g/L时,有利于提高分解率,但对提高Al(OH)3和Al2O3的强度和粒度不利;脂肪酸质量分数在15%～22.5%时,Al(OH)3和Al2O3在强度和粒度方面呈相一致的对应关系,添加剂可促进Al(OH)3的附聚,提高Al(OH)3和Al2O3的粒度和强度,但对提高分解率作用不大;Al(OH)3的粒度过大时,会引起其强度降低,导致Al0O3粒度下降;加入添加剂后,可形成球状的Al(OH)3晶体,有利于形成粒度大、强度高的氧化铝.     

工业Al(OH)3热分解行为研究

本文利用综合热分析仪对不同性能Al(OH)3进行热分解行为分析，同时利用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度仪对试验样品进行微观结构和粒度分布分析，深入研究了Al(OH)3热分解过程中样品特性对热分解行为的影响，为Al(OH)3焙烧制取多品种氧化铝提供参考。     

硫酸氢铵焙烧粉煤灰提取氧化铝(英文)

采用NH4HSO4焙烧法从粉煤灰中提取Al2O3。首先,通过NH4HSO4焙烧和去离子水浸出法提取粉煤灰中的Al和Fe;然后,加入NH4HCO3溶液沉淀浸出液中的Al和Fe,利用NaOH溶液浸出得到的Al(OH)3和Fe(OH)3混合沉淀,所得铝酸钠溶液经碳酸化分解得到纯净的Al(OH)3;最后,煅烧纯净的Al(OH)3制备α-Al2O3产品。通过实验确定各工艺流程的最佳条件。制备的α-Al2O3产品达到YS/T 274-1998标准的工艺指标。     

Transformation of monomer aluminate ions from tetrahedron to octaheron

1　INTRODUCTIONTheBayerprocessfortheproductionofaluminafrombauxiteinvolvesa perennial gibbsite (γ Al(OH ) 3) precipitationstep ,relatingtoaninherentlyslowcrystalgrowthfromsupersaturatedsodiumalu minatesolution .Accordingtoexperimentalre sults[1,2 ] ,thetetrahedral [Al(OH ) 4]- ionisthedominantspeciesincausticaluminatesolutionwhilethebasicgrowthunitofgibbsiteprecipitatingincaus ticaluminatesolutionisoctahedral [(H2 O ) 2 Al(OH ) 4]- ,thetransformationof [Al(OH) 4]- into[(H2 O) 2 Al(…     

对种子搅拌分解过程中SiO_2行为的探讨

文中研究了种子搅拌分解,产品 Al(OH)_3中 SiO_2含量等富集过程。另外,对种子搅拌分解产品 Al(OH)_3中 SiO_2来源与影响因素的相关回归分析(并同联合法生产相比较)和生产的预测及控制也做了探讨。     

氧化铝生产过程晶种分解及其粒度量化控制要点综述

晶种分解过程是影响氧化铝产品粒度的关键环节.次生晶核的形成Al(OH)3晶粒的破裂和磨蚀;Al(OH)3晶体的长大,Al(OH)3晶粒的附聚是种分的四个过程.两段分解工艺的建立及兵粒度定量控制模式是提高产品质量的保证.     

烧结法Al2O3中杂质CaO来源分析

本文较为详细地报道了烧结法中Al_2O_3杂质CaO来源的分析,其中包括Al(OH)_3析出过程进入的CaO和Al(OH)_3洗涤时洗水带入的CaO,及其它进入渠道等。同时笔者尚提出了减少烧结法CaO进入的措施。     

航空航天用Mg-Li合金的腐蚀行为

研究了Mg-12Li-3Al合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,Mg-12Li-3Al合金的腐蚀产物为Mg(OH)2、β-Li和Al(OH)3。随着腐蚀时间的增加,合金的腐蚀从化合物聚集的晶界逐渐扩展到整个晶粒内部。     

铝酸钠溶液阴离子的量子化学研究

配合铝酸钠溶液的光谱研究,作了有关铝酸离子的量子化学计算;采用从头计算法估算若干铝酸离子的总能量和相对稳定性。表明在水溶液中Al(OH)_4~-和[(HO)_3Al-O-Al(OH)_3]~(2-)较 AlO_2~-、[(HO)_3Al(?)Al(OH)_3]~(2-)稳定。采用 DVXα法计算各铝酸离子的 HOMO 和 LUMO 过渡态,以解释铝酸钠溶液的紫外光谱、量子化学计算结果和铝酸钠溶液光谱研究结果是一致或不矛盾的。     

Supercapacitor characteristic of La-doped Ni(OH)_2 prepared by electrodeposition

Samples of lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide were prepared by electrodeposition method. The structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction and a home-made open three-electrode cell system,respectively. The results show that the deposition process of Ni(OH)2 and La(OH)3 is mainly controlled by electrochemical polarization,which makes it easy to form uniform fine crystals. In addition,La(OH)3 is not a separate phase and lanthanum ions are doped into Ni(OH)2 crystal la...     

Electrochemical deposition of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium

1 Introduction Titanium implants have been used widely for various types of bone-anchored reconstructions due to their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, titanium exhibits poor osteoinductive properties, fortunately, which…     

CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMATION MECHANISM OF CORROSION SCALES ON LOW--CHROMIUM X65 STEELS IN CO2 ENVIRONMENT

利用高温高压CO₂腐蚀模拟实验以及ESEM, EDS, XPS和SEM等分析技术, 研究了4种不同含Cr量的X65管线钢的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形态和腐蚀产物膜结构特征. 结果表明: 含Cr量高的钢平均腐蚀速率小, 无Cr和含1\%Cr的钢的腐蚀形态为局部腐蚀, 含3%和5%Cr的钢的腐蚀形态为全面腐蚀. 在高温高压CO₂腐蚀环境中, 含Cr钢的腐蚀产物膜为FeCO₃和Cr(OH)₃竞争沉积形成的多层结构, 其中1Cr-X65和3Cr-X65的腐蚀膜具有3层结构, 5Cr-X65的腐蚀膜是双层结构. Cr在腐蚀产物膜层中出现局部富集, 远高于基体中的Cr含量. 高含Cr量使腐蚀产物膜中的Cr(OH)₃含量高, 并提高了腐蚀膜的保护性能, 从而引起腐蚀形态发生转变, 腐蚀速率降低. FeCO₃和Cr(OH)₃共沉积层膜对低铬钢的抗CO₂腐蚀性能具有关键的影响.     

WC–Co substrate surface pretreatments with aluminum compounds prior to polycrystalline CVD diamond deposition

Without pretreatment, the adherence of polycrystalline chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond films on WC–Co substrates is rather poor due to Co presence in the binder phase. Therefore several attempts to immobilize the Co on the substrate surface have already been investigated. However, results are not fully satisfying. In this paper, solutions or suspensions of various Al compounds have been applied to the WC–Co surface to form stable Co/Al compounds before diamond deposition. By means of SIMS depth profile analysis it is shown that surface pretreatment with Al(OC₂H₅)₃/conc. CH₃COOH or Al(NO₃)₃ leads to the formation of Co/Al compounds which suppress the Co mobility resulting in improved adherence of the diamond layer. Evidence for Co/Al compounds has also been found after pretreatment with Al(OH)₂–OOCCH₃ in neutral solution, although the quality of the diamond crystals was changed to ballas. The use of Al(OH)₂–OOCCH₃ in a basic as well as an acid medium produced no Co/Al reaction.     

脆硫锑铅矿在乙硫氮饱和Ca(OH)_2体系中的电化学

采用循环伏安和交流阻抗法研究了脆硫锑铅矿在乙硫氮饱和Ca(OH)2体系中的电化学,讨论了电位调控浮选脆硫锑铅矿的工艺参数。电位在-378～22mV范围内,矿物的界面电容不断减少,介电常数变小,表面产物是疏水性的(CH3)2NCSS-、Pb((CH3)2NCSS-)2和S0;电位在22～222mV范围内时,矿物表面的疏水产物膜迅速破裂,电容增加,介电常数变大,界面亲水性增强。随着电位的继续升高,矿物表面不断产生亲水性离子和Fe(OH)3的沉积;对于乙硫氮饱和Ca(OH)2水溶液体系,脆硫锑铅矿的电位调节浮选的工艺参数应控制在-178～122mV之间,实际工艺中电位控制在-78mV～50mV范围为宜。     

稀土添加剂对Ni-Fe合金镀层制备及耐蚀性能的影响

采用稀土盐CeCl₃为添加剂,通过调整镀液中CeCl₃浓度在20#钢基体上电沉积制备Ni-Fe合金镀层.采用SEM,EDS和XRD等表征镀层的结构,采用电化学极化曲线和阻抗谱研究合金镀层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的耐蚀行为.结果表明:稀土添加剂在低pH值酸性体系中极易生成Ce(OH)₃溶胶,抑制 (FeOH) 和Fe(OH)₂等化合物的生成,其阴极吸附特性与 (FeOH) 的吸附形成竞争,优先吸附于材料表面,从而抑制了Fe的析出;另一方面CeCl₃的加入大大提高了电流效率,使镀速增大.当CeCl₃的浓度为3 g/L时,镀层中Fe的含量控制在16%左右,获得较好的镀层质量及较好的耐蚀性能.     

Supercapacitor characteristic of La-doped Ni(OH)<Subscript>2</Subscript> prepared by electrode-position

Samples of lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide were prepared by electrodeposition method. The structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction and a home-made open three-electrode cell system, respectively. The results show that the deposition process of Ni(OH)₂ and La(OH)₃ is mainly controlled by electrochemical polarization, which makes it easy to form uniform fine crystals. In addition, La(OH)₃ is not a separate phase and lanthanum ions are doped into Ni(OH)₂ crystal lattices. When V(0.5 mol/L Ni(NO₃)₂)/V(0.25 mol/L La(NO₃)₃) was 9:1, the lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide reached the highest discharge capability of 840 F/g with a good cyclic reversibility. The capability still retains 670 F/g when the discharge current reaches 1000 mA/g.     

TiO2的制备及表面修饰工艺对其光电化学阴极保护性能的影响

采用连续离子层吸附反应法在TiO2表面沉积Co(OH)2,并将Co(OH)2热处理转化为CoOx的表面修饰方法制备高性能Co(OH)2/CoOx协同修饰TiO2纳米管光阳极材料。通过探讨Co(OH)2修饰次数、热处理温度以及保温时间,确定光阳极最佳性能的制备工艺条件,从光催化原理出发,阐明Co(OH)2/CoOx修饰提高光电性能机理。     

Chemical synthesis of SmCo_5/Co magnetic nanocomposites

A three-step chemical synthesis of SmCo_5/Co nanocomposites was developed. Firstly, the Co-Sm(OH)_3-Ca(OH)_2 precursors were prepared by co-precipitation.Secondly, SmCo_5 particles were obtained by reductive annealing of the precursors. At last, the SmCo_5/Co nanocomposites were achieved by chemical deposition based on SmCo_5 particles. The SmCo_5/Co nanocomposites contain hard magnetic phase of SmCo_5 with about 100 nm in size and soft magnetic phase of Co with about 8 nm in size,exhibiting independent two-phase structure without alloying. Compared to that of single-phase SmCo_5 particles, the saturation magnetization of SmCo_5/Co nanocomposites is increased by 27.5%. The synthesis provides a new route to fabricate SmCo-based nanocomposites.     

Influence of Zn and Mg Alloying on the Corrosion Resistance Properties of Al Coating Applied by Arc Thermal Spray Process in Simulated Weather Solution

In this study,Al–Zn and Al–Mg coatings were deposited on steel substrates by an arc thermal spray process.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the deposited coatings and corrosion products.Open circuit potential(OCP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and potentiodynamic studies were used to assess the corrosion characteristics of these coatings after exposure according to the Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE)J2334 solution of varying durations.This solution simulates an industrial environment and contains chloride and carbonate ions that induce corrosion of the deposited coatings.However,the Al–Mg alloy coating maintained an OCP of approximately-0.911 V versus Ag/Ag Cl in the SAE J2334 solution even after 792 h of exposure.This indicates that it protects the steel sacrificially,whereas the Al–Zn coating provides only barrier-type protection through the deposition of corrosion products.The Al–Mg coating acts as a self-healing coating and provides protection by forming Mg_6Al_2(OH)_(16)CO_3(Al–Mg layered double hydroxides).Mg_6Al_2(OH)_(16)CO_3has interlocking characteristics with a morphology of plate-like nanostructures and an ion-exchange ability that can improve the corrosion resistance properties of the coating.The presence of Zn in the corrosion products of the Al–Zn coating allows dissolution,but,at the same time,Zn_5(OH)_6(CO_3)_2and Zn_6Al_2(OH)_(16)CO_3are formed and act to reduce the corrosion rate.