面向数字化产品展示的信息架构优化策略研究

目的针对数字化产品展示应用情境,探讨了产品信息架构设计策略。方法基于用户体验的理论,从用户认知和产品信息组织两个对应的视角展开研究。从用户认知的角度,通过调查法归纳出了产品的各项属性信息的受关注程度,并建立权重模型。从数字化展示的角度,分析了不同类别的产品信息在虚拟互动情境中的传达效应,总结出以视觉属性、社交属性等为核心的用户体验设计策略。探讨了产品信息优化组织的方法,通过视觉设计和交互设计体现出以人为本的虚拟展示设计理念。结论在数字化产品展示情境下,用户的体验是以信息认知为核心的,产品信息的架构设计应基于用户认知心理模型构建,对视觉设计和交互设计的具体策略也进行了深入探讨。     

混合现实电子沙盘虚拟对象的手眼协同交互设计研究

目的 面向混合现实电子沙盘虚拟3D对象,开展3D交互性能与用户体验研究与评估,提出交互设计原则和设计建议。方法 针对混合现实环境下双手可触范围外的虚拟对象“选择”任务开展交互设计研究,引入虚拟对象布局排列方式作为评估变量,在3种典型的虚拟对象布局情况下,分别进行手控光线、头动、眼动与手势协同的3种交互方式性能及用户体验对比研究。通过设计原型实验系统,进行用户体验测试,实验数据分析与评估,验证交互设计原则,提出交互设计建议。结论 实验结果显示眼动与捏合手势结合的手眼协同交互方式在时间、任务负荷及用户偏好方面都具有显著优势。手控光线与手势协同交互的准确性最优,并且这一优势在任何一种布局方式中都有所体现。建议混合现实环境下的“选择”任务交互设计要注重功用性、持续性和愉悦性原则,提出了降低“选择”任务交互的工作负荷与疲劳及增强新颖交互提升愉悦性的设计建议。     

虚拟制造中的制造系统建模

为了映射真实系统与服务环境之间的相互作用，分析了在虚拟制造环境下制造系统静态模型和动态模型的建模方法，并通过生产系统预规划和动态规划过程，揭示了该模型具有的支持产品制造全过程的特性，最后阐述了原型系统的结构框架以及工业应用的成果。     

质量驱动的虚拟原型设计关键技术

 依据质量驱动的虚拟原型设计理论,构建基于ACIS的产品虚拟原型设计总体框架, 用C++开发了可从可视化数据库中读出实体, 再加以渲染产品的LINUX可视化系统,并建立了基于STEP标准的产品信息交换模型.在制造物理原型之前,可对产品全生命周期各个方面进行产品分析、评价、决策和修改,实现产品数据管理和设计进程的集成化.     

Real-time interaction of virtual and physical objects in mixed reality applications

We present a real-time method for computing the mechanical interaction between real and virtual objects in an augmented reality environment. Using model order reduction methods we are able to estimate the physical behavior of deformable objects in real time, with the precision of a high-fidelity solver but working at the speed of a video sequence. We merge tools of machine learning, computer vision, and computer graphics in a single application to describe the behavior of deformable virtual objects allowing the user to interact with them in a natural way. Three examples are provided to test the performance of the method.     

基于虚拟感性工学的农业装备形态设计

目的 探究农业装备形态设计中约束要素与虚拟现实技术结合进行创新设计的方法,旨在快速响应目标市场需求,提高设计对象研发成功率和设计质量,减少设计耗时。方法 首先,采用虚拟体验、访问调研和统计词频的方法,以定性和定量相结合的方式来确定产品意象。其次,利用形态分析法提取目标产品品牌风格特征,邀请设计师在意象约束下设计意象几何形态,二者组成混合原型库。然后,利用形状文法将混合原型库中的品牌风格特征与意象几何形态进行形态融合,以完成主体形态设计。最后,构建基于交互式虚拟体验场景的设计环境,在空间约束下完成目标产品的整体形态设计与评审。结果 以青贮饲料圆草捆打捆机为例,验证了感性工学结合虚拟现实技术,在农业装备形态设计中的有效性和实用性。结论 从意象、品牌风格、空间约束和虚拟设计的角度,提出虚拟感性工学下的农业装备形态设计方法。该方法可以有效提高农业装备形态的设计进度和成功率,并为相关领域的产品形态设计提供思路。     

Multi-objective optimization of suspension parameters for rail vehicles based on a virtual prototype surrogate model

This research is intended to develop a suspension parameter optimization approach based on a virtual prototype surrogate model of rail vehicles considering the coupling effects of suspension parameters. In order to analyze the effects on the dynamic indexes, which were affected by the suspension parameters, a virtual prototype model of a rail vehicle was established. The indexes of lateral ride quality and motion stability were obtained under different combinations of suspension parameters by design of experiment and simulation of virtual prototype. For constructing objective function of multi-objective optimization model for suspension parameters, the suspension parameters that have significant effects on ride quality and motion stability simultaneously were taken as the design variables, and thereafter Kriging models of lateral ride quality index, derailment coefficient, and reduction ratio of wheel load were obtained. On this basis, the multi-objective optimization model of suspension parameters was established, in which the objective function was combined with the three Kriging models. Then, the Pareto optimal solution set and concrete value of suspension parameters were sought using the NSGA-II algorithm. The dynamic simulation results indicated that both ride quality and motion stability of the rail vehicle had been improved after the multi-objective optimization of suspension parameters.     

虚拟仪器系统软件结构描述语言的设计与应用

为了正确有效地描述虚拟仪器系统软件结构,提出了虚拟仪器系统软件结构描述语言的概念与模型,对其中的模块描述、元件描述与连线描述作了详细的分析,并提供了结构化语言。虚拟仪器系统软件结构描述语言的提出,对于规范虚拟仪器系统软件结构特别是应用程序的设计与开发提供了一种新思路,本描述语言已实际应用于多个虚拟仪器系统集成工程中,取得了良好的技术效益和经济效益。     

独立面片建模技术在城市数字化模型中的应用

提出利用＂独立面片模型＂（Unique face Model）技术,针对不同的模型对象,构建适应模型对象的＂独立面片模型＂对象,达到优化数据的目标。解决了海量数字模型搭建的问题。该方法解决了超大规模数字模型的建立与软硬件设备和工作效率之间的矛盾,解决了虚拟物体与真实影像无缝融合的问题。     

Interactive prototyping—a challenge for computer based design

In the earliest stages of engineering design, where ideas and vague tasks predominate, the dynamics of interaction in creating and organising ideas are at least as important as the rather static and precise requirements for decision-making and for defining the product. A fundamentally different approach to the way that computers are programmed, in which computation is subordinated to interaction, provides new ways of modelling that are not constrained by preconceived modes of input and output. Models created by these means are extensible, reusable, multi-agent or concurrent. The user can construct and interact with a virtual prototype as one might work up a physical prototype. The emphasis of the approach is manipulation and observation of application-specific knowledge, in an experimental environment that human users construct to mirror their own experience of the real world. The modelling method allows knowledge to be modified on line by the intervention of the modeller. The process offers immediate experience of the model behaviour and allows refinement of the design according to many viewpoints. It also assists in the decomposition of a system requirement into component requirements.     

Concurrent process planning and scheduling in distributed virtual manufacturing

With the fast development of the world economy, distributed virtual manufacturing is becoming increasingly important since it can respond rapidly to market changes and make resource sharing more efficient among manufacturing partners. In this environment, partners may be located at different geographical locations, and co-operation among partners is a vital task and thus concurrent planning and scheduling has become a challenging research topic. This paper presents a computerized model that can integrate these manufacturing functions and resolve some of the critical problems in distributed virtual manufacturing, such as virtual cooperation, optimal partner selection, etc. This integration model is realized through a multi-agent approach that provides a practical approach for software integration in a distributed environment. A cost function is proposed and adopted for optimal partner selection in a virtual enterprise, which not only considers a partner's manufacturing capability and process requirements, but also the processing time, partner's location and product due date. Through establishing a virtual manufacturing model in a simulated environment, the proposal was validated with a case study. It shows that the proposed methodology can satisfy the distribution and agility requirements. This approach is able to contribute to the reduction of product cost, improving product quality and shortening lead time, compared to the sequential approach in the normal engineering and production practice.     

基于粒计算的认知模型

本文从粒计算的观点对人类认知过程作了详细的研究,分析了属性与对象的充分性和必要性,并建立了严格的数学模型,将直觉和推理结合在一起得到了认知过程重要的本质结果,从而给出了认知的粒化描述和新的认知模型。该模型较为准确地描述了人类的认知过程,为研究模拟人类的高级智能、形象思维能力提供了一种新的便利工具。     

虚拟现实眼动系统在环境交互设计中的研究

目的 通过虚拟现实强大的渲染和逼真的交互功能并利用虚拟现实眼动系统对环境交互设计进行研究。方法 在虚拟现实环境交互实验中应用眼动追踪技术提供的轨迹图和热点图进行数据分析,创新性地获得环境交互中的高精度感知信息。通过“环境—感知—交互”模式,长时段和全覆盖的大数据导入以及对精确空间信息和即时性感受的实时记录,实现以多元用户为中心的对环境维度和感知维度的设计研究。结论 新技术不仅为研究提供了更直观的表达和更客观的分析,而且推动了现有研究范式的革新。虚拟现实眼动研究使设计能够整体考虑到实际建成环境中的多个变量及其交互效应,实现从设计建成后的观察转变为设计过程中的预判和修正,从而强化对于设计实践进行指导的针对性和前置性。     

面向用户的产品虚拟模型协同讨论环境的实现

针对基于Web的虚拟设计中面向用户的协同交流的需要，着重介绍了一种对产品虚拟模型进行协同讨论的系统。提出对产品的VRML模型进行节点定义的预处理方法，通过VRML Automation接口实现了虚拟模型协同设计和浏览的新方法，并设计了相关的控制策略。结合矢量化的电子图板和文字及语音通信实现了产品虚拟模型的实时评注和讨论。     

基于八叉树的复杂产品模型实时绘制技术

给出基于OpenSceneGraph场景模型的信息提取方法,利用八叉树对场景模型进行分割和视锥体剔除,有效提高了实时绘制的效率,尤其是对浏览场景细节时的绘制效率提高最为明显。采用基于分页技术的Pagelod方法,实现模型的动态调度,以减少I/O的负载,满足在有限硬件条件下虚拟场景中复杂产品模型的实时绘制要求。     

基于VR-CAD的碰撞检测方法在EAST三环套装虚拟仿真中的应用

运动对象间的碰撞检测和碰撞响应一直是可视化虚拟环境中主要的计算瓶颈,对于大型复杂对象进行精确、实时的装配仿真等工程应用中,其时间的开销是无法忍受的。笔者提出基于CAD 的虚拟场景的装配仿真,是让CAD 软件在后台做碰撞检测,通过通讯技术,在微机上实现前台的虚拟大场景、复杂部件装配仿真的实时可视化,大大地降低了碰撞检测的时间开销。同时提高了检测的精度,并在EAST 三环吊装仿真中得到成功应用。     

Concurrent product and closed-loop supply chain design with an application to refrigerators

Increased concern for the environment has lead to new techniques to design products and supply chains that are both economically and ecologically feasible. A literature study shows that many models exist to support product design and logistics separately. In our research, we develop quantitative modelling to support decision-making concerning both the design structure of a product, i.e. modularity, reparability and recyclability, and the design structure of the logistic network. Environmental impacts are measured by linear-energy and waste functions. Economic costs are modelled as linear functions of volumes with a fixed set-up component for facilities. This model is applied to a closed-loop supply chain design problem for refrigerators using real life R&D data of a Japanese consumer electronics company concerning its European operations. The model is run for different scenarios using different parameter settings such as centralized versus decentralized processing, alternative product designs, varying return quality and quantity, and potential environmental legislation based on producer responsibility.     

增强现实环境下的产品装配引导技术

以增强现实环境下引导产品装配为目标,建立了面向增强装配过程的统一信息模型,管理文字、几何和产品装配特征等可视化引导信息。采用基于标志物的视觉跟踪技术实现虚拟零件和视频中真实零件的注册定位,通过建立虚拟和真实装配场景的深度图处理增强装配场景中虚实物体的遮挡关系。利用虚实零件的注册位置把装配引导信息叠加到装配视频场景中。并开发了演示系统,分析和说明了增强现实环境下引导产品进行装配的过程。     

A meta-model for mechanical products based upon the mechanical design process

This paper describes preliminary work toward the develoment of a framework and a system for modeling the meta-physical information of mechanical products. Meta-physical information is that information which describes the nature or reason for existence of objects in the physical product model. Such information includes product and feature functionality, design intent, relations, constraints and viewpoint-dependent definitions. This effort has resulted in an initial model structure and a prototype system. The product model consists of a meta-physical product model with attached physical product models containing, among other information, geometry, dimensions, tolerances, and features. The content and structure of the product model correspond directly to the information used and produced during the mechanical design process. The prototype system integrates a solid modeler, a feature modeler, a dimension and tolerance modeler, and a meta-physical modeler. This paper provides an overview of the meta-model structure, usage and potential.