面向用户的智能信息搜索系统的设计

文章主要介绍了一个面向用户的智能信息搜索系统的设计方法,该系统能建立一个体现Web特色的用户导图库。并在搜索网络信息时,通过匹配用户导图库,学习、分析用户使用Web的经验,从而把握用户的需求,提供一些面向用户的浏览引导信息,提高了用户获取所需信息的速度。     

Enabling user-oriented management for ubiquitous computing: The meta-design approach

This paper presents iPlumber, a user-oriented management system for ubiquitous computing environments. Different from previous low-benefit “zero-configuration” systems or high cognitive-cost “end user programming” tools, our work attempts to attain a better balance between user benefits and cost by exploring the meta-design approach. A set of typical management activities in ubicomp environments are supported, from basic-level software sharing, foraging, and low-cost software configuration to advanced-level cooperative software co-design and error handling. These activities are elaborated through a smart home control scenario. The usability of our system is validated through an initial user study with a total of 33 subjects to test the management activities from an open exhibition environment and a controlled university environment.     

TADEUS: seamless development of task-based and user-orientedinterfaces

Task-based and user-oriented user interfaces utilize knowledge about user tasks and user characteristics to the utmost extent. They support users throughout their work flows, and must be constructed by a development process that avoids loss of application context and involves user feedback, from requirements specification to code generation. The concepts behind the task analysis/design/end users systems (TADEUS) approach to enable seamless task-based development are a semantically rich representation scheme, a model-driven development procedure, a diagrammatic notation and unifying specification scheme. Thus, interactive applications can be developed seamlessly. Specifications comprise problem domain knowledge, work processes, user roles and personal profiles, as well as interaction modalities (required for task accomplishment). For user-interface prototyping the TADEUS environment contains a model interpreter that executes structure and behavior specifications. This way, early feedback on task-based portals can be provided by users. In this paper we detail the latest developments in the TADEUS project when implementing a work-process based usability life cycle. We review the underlying methodology and the features of the TADEUS environment, in order to demonstrate the benefits for developers and users resulting of smooth transition support for and between the different stages of development     

基于Bluetooth OBEX协议的文件传输技术的研究

蓝牙技术是近年来迅速发展的一项短距离无线通信技术,OBEX作为蓝牙协议栈中面向应用的会话层协议,提供了灵活的目标文件交换方式,本文研究了OBEX协议的原理及结构,仔细分析了OBEX层模块间的接口和数据流,并着重讨论了基于OBEX的文件传输应用的实现技术,最后介绍了作者开发的蓝牙设备间通过无线信道传输文件的一个实例。     

A taxonomy of user-oriented functions

This paper presents a taxonomy of user-oriented data functions. The taxonomy is composed of a hierarchy of user-oriented functions plus command names suggested by a group of potential users for those functions, classified as generally required in data-processing systems. The taxonomy can be used for commercial system design and evaluation and as a basis for further research.     

Extending the engineering trade-off analysis by integrating user preferences in conjoint analysis

The ongoing technical improvements in architecture design with improved features of mobile or smartphones do not automatically guarantee user acceptance, because technical and commercial aspects primarily drive the development of mobile communication systems and devices. Especially in early stages of technology development, user preferences and values are not adequately considered, which might even have a negative impact on acceptance issues. The aim of this study was the implementation of a quantified understanding of user needs in terms of values into the system design process of cell-phone processors. Moreover, we aimed for an extension of the engineering’s trade-off analysis by using conjoint analysis in order to investigate trade-offs between specific device characteristics. Finally, our aim was the evaluation of empirically based user-oriented research methods.Results of the first study revealed that battery life, speech quality, signal quality and data-transmission rate are the most important device characteristics. Results from conjoint analysis indicated a clear trade-off between battery life and the three other characteristics. Moreover, this research demonstrated that technology acceptance research benefits considerably from an interdisciplinary and multi-method approach. Besides, implementing the users’ preferences into early stages of the product development process offers several advantages concerning effectiveness as well as economic aspects of development.     

面向用户的软件柔点可用性评估方法的研究

为了进一步提高面向用户的软件产品的开发质量,结合面向用户的软件柔点的具体特征,运用可用性工程理论,根据不同层次柔点对应的用户不同,对不同层次的柔点的可用性评估指标在有效性、效率、用户满意度这三个方面进行分解,构建了一种软件柔点的可用性评价方法,给出了柔点的可用性大小的计算方法。     

基于MVC的协作多用户交互接口设计与实现

针对目前CSCW环境中用户端设备的多样性、用户个性化需求特点，通过对协作多用户接口特性、支撑结构和实现方法的分析，提出了一个便于裁剪、面向用户的MVC结构的协作多用户交互接口模型。在此模型中，充分利用MVC结构视图与控制分离的特点．将协同工作环境中共享信息集中存放于共享空间中，维持一致性：而信息显示和人机交互的语义部分复制在分布的用户接口视图中，使得参与协同工作的多个用户可以采用不同的设备或裁剪自己的显示界面。     

A service component based CAT system with SCORM for advanced learning effects

In the web-based learning system, a variety of learning materials such as text, video, sound, and picture are employed with the objective of improving the learning effect. One of the main problems facing such systems is the systems’ ability to support the materials and integrate them into the system in such a way that they can be tailored to the user’s ability level. Accordingly, it is very difficult for the system to support user-oriented learning materials or courses efficiently. In this research, we applied the CAT (Computerized Adaptive Testing) system with SCORM interfaces to improve the learning effect. CAT is a method which focuses on analysis and evaluation of learning outcomes. SCORM is an international standard used to manage the learning materials. To support user-oriented learning and testing, we made a learning process using IRT (Item response theory). Throughout the process in this system, we implemented logic as a service component. The system process performs the learning test program’s logic by interface between the service components. The structure of this system interlinks SCORM API with the learning contents and items through a separate e-learning server.     

A User-Oriented Software Reliability Model

A user-oriented reliability model has been developed to measure the reliability of service that a system provides to a user community. It has been observed that in many systems, especially software systems, reliable service can be provided to a user when it is known that errors exist, provided that the service requested does not utilize the defective parts. The reliability of service, therefore, depends both on the reliability of the components and the probabilistic distribution of the utilization of the components to provide the service. In this paper, a user-oriented software reliability figure of merit is defined to measure the reliability of a software system with respect to a user environment. The effects of the user profile, which summarizes the characteristics of the users of a system, on system reliability are discussed. A simple Markov model is formulated to determine the reliability of a software system based on the reliability of each individual module and the measured intermodular transition probabilities as the user profile. Sensitivity analysis techniques are developed to determine modules most critical to system reliability. The applications of this model to develop cost-effective testing strategies and to determine the expected penalty cost of failures are also discussed. Some future refinements and extensions of the model are presented.     

面向用户的支持用户掉线的联邦学习数据隐私保护方法

联邦学习是解决多组织协同训练问题的一种有效手段,但是现有的联邦学习存在不支持用户掉线、模型API泄露敏感信息等问题。文章提出一种面向用户的支持用户掉线的联邦学习数据隐私保护方法,可以在用户掉线和保护的模型参数下训练出一个差分隐私扰动模型。该方法利用联邦学习框架设计了基于深度学习的数据隐私保护模型,主要包含两个执行协议:服务器和用户执行协议。用户在本地训练一个深度模型,在本地模型参数上添加差分隐私扰动,在聚合的参数上添加掉线用户的噪声和,使得联邦学习过程满足(ε,δ)-差分隐私。实验表明,当用户数为50、ε=1时,可以在模型隐私性与可用性之间达到平衡。     

一种用户需求驱动的服务资源建模方法

面向用户需求通过松散耦合的服务资源的重用和重组,实现其按需发现与组合,正成为网络化软件主流的开发范型。如何对服务进行建模已成为这种范型中的一个重要问题。提出一种用户需求驱动、基于RGPS(Role-Goal-Process-Service)领域资产的服务建模方法。通过对服务模型进行语义需求封装来满足用户需求,从而实现用户需求和服务之间的动态"握手"。该方法已在原型系统中得以应用和验证。     

面向目标用户的深度学习模型可视化综述

深度学习模型在某些场景的实际应用中要求其具备一定的可解释性, 而视觉是人类认识周围世界的基本工具, 可视化技术能够将模型训练过程从不可见的黑盒状态转换为可交互分析的视觉过程, 从而有效提高模型的可信性和可解释度. 目前, 国内外相关领域缺少有关深度学习模型可视化工具的综述, 也缺乏对不同用户实际需求的研究和使用体验的评估. 因此, 本文通过调研近年来学术界模型可解释性和可视化相关文献, 总结可视化工具在不同领域的应用现状, 提出面向目标用户的可视化工具分类方法及依据, 对每一类工具从可视化内容、计算成本等方面进行介绍和对比, 以便不同用户选取与部署合适的工具. 最后在此基础上讨论可视化领域存在的问题并加以展望.     

面向用户柔点的设计模型

为了提高软件适应需求变化的能力,设计出具有良好柔性的软件,提出了一种基于面向用户柔点的设计模型.给出面向用户柔点的概念和特征,指出柔点与需求变化的密切联系.在此基础上,通过归纳需求变化的分类,抽象出柔点的分类.利用MVC(模型-视图-控制器)框架和软件设计模式给出通用的柔点设计模型,根据柔点的分类将模型细化.通过一个网...     

User-oriented product development applied to functional clothing design

A method for user-oriented product development is presented. After a theoretical introduction the method is applied to the development of functional clothing. The characteristic of the method is its starting-point with the user in the use-situation. Important product demands are derived from use-analyses. Three case-studies are described where this method has been applied. They concern working clothes, clothes for the elderly and military clothing. The quality of this methos as an instrument for product development in the clothing area is evaluated by comparing, on the one hand, this method with those usually used in the clothing industry, and on the other hand the new products with those formerly used. The method for user-oriented product development has proved to be complementary to conventional methods. It should be applied to products whose functional properties are of great importance. The method can be generalised to all users and to products with close connection to human beings.     

软件用户界面的艺术设计之我见

GUI（“Graphical User Interface”）即面向用户的计算机接口的图形化表示。本文主要介绍了GUI的艺术设计要点,并且提出如何设计一个生动的,合理的,艺术性的,清晰的图形化用户界面的建议和方法。尤其强调了在设计用户界面的过程中形式美感的构成与追求设计细节的重要性。     

QUESTO: Interactive Construction of Objective Functions for Classification Tasks

Building effective classifiers requires providing the modeling algorithms with information about the training data and modeling goals in order to create a model that makes proper tradeoffs. Machine learning algorithms allow for flexible specification of such meta-information through the design of the objective functions that they solve. However, such objective functions are hard for users to specify as they are a specific mathematical formulation of their intents. In this paper, we present an approach that allows users to generate objective functions for classification problems through an interactive visual interface. Our approach adopts a semantic interaction design in that user interactions over data elements in the visualization are translated into objective function terms. The generated objective functions are solved by a machine learning solver that provides candidate models, which can be inspected by the user, and used to suggest refinements to the specifications. We demonstrate a visual analytics system QUESTO for users to manipulate objective functions to define domain-specific constraints. Through a user study we show that QUESTO helps users create various objective functions that satisfy their goals.     

An integrated architecture for the provision of health telematic services based on digital library technologies

monolithic information system to effectively serve the needs of an entire healthcare organizational structure. Thus, information and telecommunications systems must primarily provide the infrastructure to support the effective integration of distributed and heterogeneous components, ensuring overall integrity in terms of functional and information interworking. This approach i.e., the integration of heterogeneous autonomous distributed systems, to developing and managing regional healthcare networks ensures the transfer and integration of consistent information between healthcare facilities, without imposing constraints on the operation of individual clinical units. This paper presents the results of an ongoing effort for the design and implementation of an architecture based on digital library technologies, for the provision of user-oriented telematic services in a regional healthcare network. Specifically, it addresses issues related to the provision of user-oriented services, transparent to the needs of different user groups and the requirements of specific tasks, based on: a) meta-information for the creation of an information infrastructure for the regional healthcare network which is, effectively, a multimedia distributed digital library, b) intelligent informationretrieval strategies to selectively retrieve information from multimedia data, c) agent-based technologies for effective service delivery adapted to the current user needs and the task at hand, and d) middleware services that explicitly reveal not only the characteristics of the information sources, but also address the context of specific telematic services, through appropriate mediation mechanisms. Received: 10 April 1997 / Revised: 6 July 1997 / Accepted: 5 August 1997     

Toward a decision-theoretic framework for affect recognition and user assistance

There is an increasing interest in developing intelligent human–computer interaction systems that can fulfill two functions—recognizing user affective states and providing the user with timely and appropriate assistance. In this paper, we present a general unified decision-theoretic framework based on influence diagrams for simultaneously modeling user affect recognition and assistance. Affective state recognition is achieved through active probabilistic inference from the available multi modality sensory data. User assistance is automatically accomplished through a decision-making process that balances the benefits of keeping the user in productive affective states and the costs of performing user assistance. We discuss three theoretical issues within the framework, namely, user affect recognition, active sensory action selection, and user assistance. Validation of the proposed framework via a simulation study demonstrates its capability in efficient user affect recognition as well as timely and appropriate user assistance. Besides the theoretical contributions, we build a non-invasive real-time prototype system to recognize different user affective states (stress and fatigue) from four-modality user measurements, namely physical appearance features, physiological measures, user performance, and behavioral data. The affect recognition component of the prototype system is subsequently validated through a real-world study involving human subjects.