一种混合式的实时智能信息融合系统设计

面对复杂实时的工作环境,设计一个高性能的、可靠的信息融合系统尤为重要。针对这一问题,以专家系统技术为基础,综合运用数据库技术、黑板理论和神经网络理论,对复杂融合系统进行了一些研究,在此基础上,设计了一种混合式实时智能信息融合系统,并对系统中的融合功能系统、知识库、知识获取模块、数据库和黑板分别进行了具体阐述。     

An architecture for a self-improving instructional planner for intelligent tutoring systems

Machine instructional planners use changing and uncertain data to incrementally configure plans and control the execution and dynamic refinement of these plans. Current instructional planners cannot adequately plan, replan, and monitor the delivery of instruction. This is due in part to the fact that current instructional planners are incapable of planning in a global context, developing competing plans in parallel, monitoring their planning behavior, and dynamically adapting their control behavior. In response to these and other deficiencies of instructional planners a generic system architecture based on the blackboard model was implemented. This self-improving instructional planner (SUP) dynamically creates instructional plans, requests execution of these plans, replans, and improves its planning behavior based on a student's responses to tutoring. Global planning was facilitated by explicitly representing decisions about past, current, and future plans on a global data structure called the plan blackboard. Planning in multiple worlds is facilitated by labeling plan decisions by the context in which they were generated. Plan monitoring was implemented as a set of monitoring knowledge sources. The flexible control capability for instructional planner was adapted from the blackboard architecture BB1. The explicit control structure of SUP enabled complex and flexible planning behavior while maintaining a simple planning architecture.     

Blackboard推理方法的应用与实现

针对电子商务订单实时智能处理控制问题,采用人工智能领域复杂问题推理的黑板(blackboard)方法,组织电子商务订单实时智能处理控制与推理。考虑物流配送能力的电子商务订单实时智能处理是基于知识的多任务处理。为此,提出基于blackboard的推理处理方法,解决订单处理过程中涉及到的人工处理问题的经验和知识的运用和调度。该研究有助于提高电子商务订单处理的实时性、科学性和智能性。     

Transactional blackboards

Using the blackboard architecture, an expert system is built as a collection of knowledge sources which are scheduled by a controller and communicate through a shared data region, called a blackboard. The performance of such a system may be significantly enhanced by the concurrent execution of the knowledge sources. However, introduction of concurrent execution into blackboard systems requires extension of the architecture with new mechanisms for scheduling knowledge source activities, synchronizing knowledge source interactions, and accessing shared data. This paper describes our design for transaction-based facilities supporting parallel execution of knowledge sources in a blackboard system.     

Architectural foundations for real-time performance in intelligent agents

Intelligent agents perform multiple concurrent taks requiring both knowledge-based reasoning and interaction with dynamic entities in the environment, under real-time constraints. Because an agent's opportunities to perceive, reason about, and act upon the environment typically exceed its computational resources, it must determine which operations to perform and when to perform them so as to achieve its most important objectives in a timely manner. Accordingly, we view the problem of real-time performance as a problem in intelligent real-time control. We propose and define several important control requirements and present an agent architecture that is designed to address those requirements. The proposed architecture is a blackboard architecture, whose key features include: distribution of perception, action, and cognition among parallel processes, limited-capacity I/O buffers with best-first retrieval and worst-first overflow, dynamic control planning, dynamic focus of attention, and a satisficing execution cycle. Together, these features allow an intelligent agent to trade quality for speed of response under dynamic goals, resource limitations, and peformance constraints. We illustrate application of the proposed architecture in the Guardian system for surgical intensive care monitoring and contrast it with alternative agent architectures.This research was supported by DARPA contract N00039-83-C-0136, NIH contract 5P41-RR-00785, EPRI contract RP2614-48, and AFOSR contract F49620-89-C-0103DEF, and by gifts from Rockwell International, Inc. and FMC Corporation, Inc. The Guardian system is being developed in collaboration with Adam Seiver, Rich Washington, David Ash, Rattikorn Hewett, Anne Collinot, Luc Boureau, Angel Vina, Ida Sim, and Michael Falk. The paper's treatment of real-time requirements reflects discussions with colleagues involved in the AFOSR Program on Intelligent Real-Time Problem Solving Systems-especially Stan Rosenschein, Lee Erman, and Yoav Shoham. The paper also benefited from constructive criticism by several anonymous reviewers. Thanks to Ed Feigenbaum for sponsoring the work at the Knowledge Systems Laboratory.     

A BLACKBOARD DATABASE MODEL OF THE DESIGN PLANNING PROCESS IN CONCURRENT ENGINEERING

The basis for an intelligent decision support system for design process planning within a concurrent engineering (CE) environment is the efficient utilization and coordination of planning knowledge that resides within computerized workgroups of multidisciplinary experts. A systems approach may be taken to derive, represent, and utilize the many models of reasoning that might support a human-centric view of planning in a distributed environment. The blackboard database (BB) provides a suitable framework for utilizing these models in a structured manner by representing the planning problem as a loosely coupled hierarchy of partial problems along with the knowledge needed to progressively solve different parts of this problem. This article discusses the development of such a BB system, which is intended to provide the ability to experiment with various control and domain strategies in order to yield insight into more developed and intelligent methods to assist humans in planning the CE design process.     

搅拌设备化工预设计专家系统的黑板系统结构

传统的手工设计混合设备的方法十分耗时且容易出错,因此实现设计的自动化和智能化是非常用意义的开发了搅拌设备化工预设计专家系统系统。详细介绍了专家系统的结构,系统采用两层黑板结构模型和多种知识源相结合的策略,来处理解决复杂的协同问题。知识源包括设计规则库、设计公式库和机械设备标准库,内部黑板主要是为规则库的推理机存储信息服务,而全局黑板系统则是整个系统的数据共享和信息交换中心,并采用层次框架结构进行表达,将人工智能技术与普通设计程序相结合,可以在设计过程为用户提供系统的帮助和指导,来实现搅拌设备设计的自动化和智能化。     

基于智能搜索的坦克机动任务规划

在未来高技术局部战争条件下,坦克不得不面临一个动态复杂的战场环境,这就要求坦克能根据战场环境实时地进行任务规划。以单辆坦克在陆地上的自主机动为背景,提出了一种基于智能搜索的坦克机动任务规划方法。在机动任务规划的实施方面,重点描述了两个基本方面：坦克机动环境的评估及坦克机动任务规划的自主实现。构造了一种智能搜索方法,同时应用这种方法提出了实现坦克自主机动的基本思路,并编制应用程序,进行实例检验。结果表明,这种方法科学合理,为坦克机动任务的规划提供了新思路。神经网络评估方法具有普遍意义,能推广应用于坦克其它方面的任务规划。     

A blackboard application for process monitoring and supervision

This paper describes the architecture of a supervisory control and data-acquisition system. It works like an operator support tool by diagnosing malfunctions of a production process and inspecting the quality of the product. The system provides the operator in a plant with relevant process data and, at the same time, has to meet tough real-time requirements. The integration of intelligent alarm processing into a large supervisory control system will be described and techniques covering on-line processing of real-time data and intelligent alarm processing will be discussed. The system is based on a blackboard architecture which integrates a sequence of problem-solving methods and exhibits an incremental and opportunistic problem-solving style.     

Intelligent tracking in manufacturing

Dynamic scheduling is an important new innovation in manufacturing and supply chain management. However, the success of dynamic scheduling will depend on real-time information. This paper describes intelligent tracking technologies that provide real-time information throughout the supply chain to support keywords a logistics planning and execution.     

Planning and monitoring the execution of web service requests

Interaction with web services enabled marketplaces would be greatly facilitated if users were given a high level service request language to express their goals in complex business domains. This can be achieved by using a planning framework which monitors the execution of planned goals against predefined standard business processes and interacts with the user to achieve goal satisfaction. We present a planning architecture that accepts high level requests, expressed in a service request language known as XSRL. The planning framework is based on the principle of interleaving planning and execution. This is accomplished on the basis of refinement and revision as new service-related information is gathered from service repositories such as UDDI and web services instances, and as execution circumstances necessitate change. The planning system interacts with the user whenever confirmation or verification is needed.     

A blackboard architecture for control

The control problem—which of its potential actions should an AI system perform at each point in the problem-solving process?—is fundamental to all cognitive processes. This paper proposes eight behavioral goals for intelligent control and a ‘blackboard control architecture’ to achieve them. The architecture distinguishes domain and control problems, knowledge, and solutions. It enables AI systems to operate upon their own knowledge and behavior and to adapt to unanticipated problem-solving situations. The paper shows how opm, a blackboard control system for multiple-task planning, exploits these capabilities. It also shows how the architecture would replicate the control behavior of hearsay-ii and hasp. The paper contrasts the blackboard control architecture with three alternatives and shows how it continues an evolutionary progression of control architectures. The paper concludes with a summary of the blackboard control architecture's strengths and weaknesses.     

基于嵌入式技术的智能擦除系统

针对当前人工擦除黑板的方式,提出了一种新的智能擦除方式. 系统以黑板擦为控制对象,以交互式界面为终端,利用嵌入式技术和步进电机控制技术实现对黑板图像的采集、黑板坐标的提取、串口数据传输以及步进电机控制等功能. 实验结果表明,此系统可自动擦除黑板,具有灵活性、高集成性、便捷性等诸多优点.     

A blackboard system approach to electromagnetic sensor data interpretation

Abstract: A prototype system for automated defect classification and characterisation of automotive or other components involving two separate inspection sensors, vision and electromagnetic, was developed. This paper concentrates on the development work and issues related to the electromagnetic sensor. In particular, the issues relating to knowledge acquisition and knowledge representation are discussed. For instance, one of the problems which arose during the development work was that it appeared that the reasoning carried out unconsciously by a human was more complex than had been realised and not easily encapsulated as high level knowledge. A blackboard architecture was used to integrate the different areas of expertise required for each sensor to interpret the results of the inspections. The main issue here was in the effective use of the blackboard architecture for intelligent data fusion at all levels to improve interpretation.     

Development of an object-oriented blackboard model for stamping process planning in progressive die design

This paper reports preliminary work to investigate the suitability of using a blackboard framework as a problem-solving model for stamping process planning in progressive die design. The model is described at two levels: knowledge level and computational level. The knowledge level describes how the stamping process planning domain is represented in a blackboard architecture. The computational level describes how the blackboard architecture is modeled and implemented using object technology. A software prototype has been developed using CLIPS and C++ interfaced with Solid Edge CAD system. An example is presented to illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed approach.     

Concurrent intelligent rapid prototyping environment

Rapid prototyping technology enables rapid production of complex objects directly from a computer-aided design model without involving any tooling or conventional part programming. This has created a new set of problems associated with part design, process planning, support design and value engineering analysis of rapid prototyping parts. In this paper, a methodology for resolving these problems is described, which uses concurrent engineering, distributed blackboard, value engineering, knowledge-based and feature-based technologies. The functionality, design methodology and knowledge representation techniques of a concurrent intelligent rapid prototyping system for stereolithography form the main focus of this paper.     

规划图框架下用遗传算法求解时态规划问题

许多现实世界中的规划问题通常希望规划目标能在尽可能短的时间内实现,并且规划动作的执行需要考虑时间因素.在规划图框架下,提出了一种能进行时态约束推理的遗传规划算法.主要工作有以下3个方面:1)介绍基于完全动作图的时序约束推理技术;2)提出能进行时序约束推理的基于规划图的遗传规划技术;3)针对基于规划图的遗传规划技术存在局部搜索能力不足的缺点,提出了在原有遗传操作算子的基础上,引入局部修复算子的混合规划技术.实验表明,这种算法能有效地处理一类时态规划问题.     

Deployment of a cloud pipeline for real-time visual inspection using fast streaming high-definition images

We investigate the challenges of building an end-to-end cloud pipeline for real-time intelligent visual inspection system for use in automotive manufacturing. Current methods of visual detection in automotive assembly are highly labor intensive, and thus prone to errors. An automated process is sought that can operate within the real-time constraints of the assembly line and can reduce errors. Components of the cloud pipeline include capture of a large set of high-definition images from a camera setup at the assembly location, transfer and storage of the images as needed, execution of object detection, and notification to a human operator when a fault is detected. The end-to-end execution must complete within a fixed time frame before the next car arrives in the assembly line. In this article, we report the design, development, and experimental evaluation of the tradeoffs of performance, accuracy, and scalability for a cloud system.