聚偶氮酰胺的合成及表征

本文应用Ritter反应机理,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)和三聚乙醛为主要原料,在浓硫酸催化作用下合成新型大分子引发剂—聚偶氮酰胺(PAA),并用IR、UV、~1H-NMR、GPC等方法表征结构,用DSC研究其热分解反应动力学。     

硬段结构对含二硫键自修复聚氨酯性能的影响

硬段结构的研究对指导制备兼顾力学性能与自修复性能的聚氨酯弹性体具有重要的意义。文中分别以4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI）、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯（HMDI）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）及双（2-羟基乙基）二硫醚（HEDS）为硬段部分，聚己内酯二元醇为软段部分，制备了一系列含脂肪族二硫键的自修复聚氨酯，探究了不同异氰酸酯、硬段含量和扩链剂对其力学性能与自修复性能的影响。结果表明，对于异氰酸酯结构来讲，脂环族异氰酸酯制备的自修复聚氨酯具备更好的力学性能与自修复性能；对于脂环族异氰酸酯体系聚氨酯的硬段含量而言，一定范围越高，二硫键与氢键的含量也越高，越有利于材料的力学性能与自修复性能；对于扩链剂结构来讲，脂肪族二硫键主要是促进较高温度条件下的自修复性能，对于室温自修复性能起到的作用有限。     

液化MDI基形状记忆聚氨酯软段组成的选择

以液化MDI和BDO（1,4-丁二醇）为硬段,分别以聚乙二醇（PEG）,聚己二酸乙二醇酯（PEAG）,聚己二酸丁二醇酯（PBAG）,聚己二酸己二醇酯（PHAG）,聚己内酯（PCL）为软段合成了聚氨酯形状记忆材料。通过FT—IR,DSC等考察了它们的结构,比较了聚乙二醇聚氨酯（EGPU）,聚己二酸乙二醇酯聚氨酯（EAPU）,聚己二酸丁二醇酯聚氨酯（BAPU）,聚己二酸己二醇酯聚氨酯（HAPU）及聚己内酯聚氨酯（CLPU）的形状记忆性能和力学性能,研究表明,PHAG是液化MDI基形状记忆聚氨酯软段的最佳原料。     

交联对透明聚氨酯弹性体结构与性能的影响

采用一步法以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚氧四亚甲基二醇（PTMG）、1，4－丁二醇（BD）和聚氧化丙烯三醇（N3010）为原料合成了透明聚氨酯弹性体，通过DSC、FT－IR、TG等方法研究了物理交联和化学交联对聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能、光学透明性和热稳定性的影响。结果表明，尽管聚醚二元醇的分子量增大，但由于硬段间的氢键作用增加，使微相分离程度提高，聚氨酯弹性体的力学强度增加。加入交联剂三元醇N3010，聚氨酯弹性体在硬段间形成化学交联、透度、热稳定性和力学性能与未加交联剂的聚氨酯弹性体相比有明显提高。     

聚碳酸酯聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能研究

采用了聚碳酸1，4－丁二醇酯（PBC）、聚碳酸1，6－己二醇酯（PHC）和聚碳酸1，5－戊二醇－1，6－己二醇酯（PHPC，其中己二醇链节与戊二醇链节之比为3：2）软段，4，4‘-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯／1，4－丁二醇（MDI／BDO）为硬段（其质量含量为40％）合成出了一系列的聚碳酸酯聚氨酯（PCU）弹性体。其拉伸强度约为40MPa-60MPa，断裂伸长率为300％－400％。研究了软段结构、软段分子量对PCU力学性能、微相分离结构的影响。结果表明，软段分子量越大，微相分离程度越大。软段为PHPC的聚氨酯回弹性能明显优于软段为PBC和PHC的聚氨酯。     

高固含量紫外光固化水性聚氨酯的制备及其在塑料涂料中的应用

选用已二异氰酸酯（HDI）、聚醚／聚己内酯多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）、羟基丙烯酸酯等合成光固化聚氨酯预聚物并制备成乳液。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT—IR）对聚氨酯的结构进行表征,分子结构对乳液和涂膜性能具有重要的影响。实验通过调整分子结构,得到了30％wt-50％wt固含量的乳液,乳液稳定性好,耐水性优良,在塑料表面附着力好,可以满足塑料涂料性能要求的聚氨酯乳液涂料。     

聚氨酯阻尼材料的结构设计及其动态力学性能的研究

据聚合物阻尼性能定量化理论，设计合成了软段结构、分子量不同以厦含支链的聚氨酯．动态力学性能测试表明。含聚环氧丙烷二醇（PPG，Mn=2000）、聚己二酸二乙二醇（PDEA，Mn=2000）、聚己二酸乙二醇（PEAG，Mn=2000）软段的试样的温域宽和内耗峰高．当软段分子量增加时，材料的损耗因子增加．组份相同时，含支链比不舍支链的聚氨酯试样的内耗峰高，阻尼值大．     

二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺的合成和性能

采用3种方法合成了二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺（BDM），用IR、DSC、SEM和凝胶化时间等方法表征和分析了各法合成BDM及其副产物（BPC）的结构和性能，探讨了BPC的影响。研究认为，BPC能抑制BDM的聚合和活性，对BDM性能不利，文中探索了合成BDM时减少BPC含的若干途径。     

1，12-二（2-吡啶基）-1，3，5，7，9，11-十二-六炔的合成与性质研究

本文中我们合成了一种新颖的乙炔衍生物，1，12-二（2-吡啶基）-1，3，5，7，9，11-十二-六炔（7），并利用红外光谱（IR），紫外光谱（UV），核磁（NMR），质谱（MS）对其结构进行了鉴定。在对其性质研究研究中，采用红外光谱（IR）和紫外光谱（UV）对7的拓扑固相聚合性质进行了初步的探讨。实验结果表明，化合物7在加热和紫外光照射条件下能够发生固相聚合得到结构复杂的聚合物，这是由于其结构未能符合进行典型规则的1，2-聚合或者1，4-聚合的结构条件的原因。     

缩聚物/加聚物复合胶乳的制备科学Ⅱ.核壳结构聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成与表征

用合成的含羧基端羟基聚氨酯树脂，通过强外力乳化可形成稳定的水性聚氨酯乳液，与苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯等单体共聚，合成具有核壳结构的聚氨酯－丙烯酸酯接枝乳液，通过接枝乳液和共混乳液的性能差别对比，及DSC，FT－IR，粒径分析及力学性能测试分析表明，在聚氨酯－丙烯酸酯接枝乳液中，聚氨酯与丙烯酸酯发生部分交联形成稳定的核－壳结构，文中还对聚氨酯－丙烯酸酯接枝乳液的交联机理进行了研究。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from