Study on the method of recovering and separating indium from residue containing indium

A method of recovering indium from complex smelting residue containing indium was investigated. Indium was extracted by technique of low acid leaching and solvent extraction. The conditions of separating iron and indium were studied and the optimal conditions were determined. When the residue is twoclass-countercurrent leached with 2 mol/L H2SO4 and 30-40 g/L NaC1 at 100 ℃, the leaching rate of indium is 80%. The extraction rate of indium is over 98% and that of iron is less than 5% after it is third-class-countercurrent extracted by P204, and when sulfonated kerosene is used as solvent, acidity in aqueous phase remains the same as that of leaching liquid, and phase is for 1 : 3. Using 2 mol/L HC1 as back-extraction agent, with phase ratio being 5 : 1, by third-class-countercurrent back-extraction, the back-extraction rate of indium is over 99%, but that of iron is very low, which can meet the need of separating indium and iron.     

Solvent extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution

The extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution was investigated, using 20% saponified D2EHPA as an extractant and 260^# sulfonate kerosene as a diluent. The solution was stirred for 8 min at phase ratio (V _o/V _a) of 1.0:1.0, initial pH of 2.0 and stirring speed of 200 r/min. The results show that 75% zinc can be extracted from the zinc sulfate solution when the concentration of zinc is 18.7 g/L after being settled for 10 min. 88.60% zinc can be stripped by 196 g/L sulfuric acid, and zinc ion can be separated from ferric ion.     

Thermodynamic assessment of Au-Zr system

1　INTRODUCTIONChemicalvapordeposition (CVD)diamondholdsgreatpromiseinsolvingthermalmanagementprobleminhigh performancemulti chipmodules (MCMs) .However ,thismaterialdoespresentsometechnologi calchallenges ,onebeingthedevelopmentofreliablemetallizationsystems[1] .Thedesirablecharacteristicsofametallizationsystemare goodadhesiontothesubstrate ,lowstress ,goodelectricalconductivityandminimalreactionsatsubsequentprocessingtempera tures (upto 4 0 0℃ ) [2 ] .Goldisusuallychosenasthemetalfor…     

Determination of paclitaxel in southern yew tree by HPLC

Paclitaxel in southern yew tree was quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ODS-C18 column. A mixture of CH3OH-H2O-CH3COOH(volume ratio: 55 :44 :1) is used as mobile phase and UV detection is carried out at 227 nm, and the column temperature is 20℃. The results show that there is a good linear felationship between the area of paclitaxel and the concentration of the sample in the range 50-500 mg/L for paclitaxel. The corresponding regression equation is Y= 13 021. 7 + 1. 01 × 106X, r=0. 9990. The average recovery is 95. 3% and the relative standard deviation is 2. 08%.     

Decomposing scheelite and scheelite-wolframite mixed concentrate by caustic soda digestion

1　INTRODUCTIONWiththecontinualexploitationanddevelopmentoftungstenmaterials ,wolframitebecomeslessandless .Statisticaldatashowthattheproportionofwol framiteisonly32 .9%andthatofscheeliteis 4 5 .5 %intungstenresources ,therestisscheelite wolframitemixedconcentrateandmostofnewlyexploredtung stenisscheelite[1] .Therefore ,howtoeconomicallyexploitscheelitebecomessignificantlyimportantindevelopingtungstenindustriesinChina .Currently ,causticleachingisappliedtohandlewolframiteconcentrate ,andh…     

Microwave absorbing properties of high titanium slag

Microwave absorbing properties of high titanium slag were investigated by using microwave cavity perturbation technique. High titanium slag containing more than 90% TiO₂ was prepared by carbothermal reduction of ilmenite. The temperature rise curve of high titanium slag in microwave heating process was obtained. Crystalline compounds of high titanium slag before and after microwave irradiation were obtained and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Effects of particle size of high titanium slag and mixtures of high titanium slag with different mass fractions of V₂O₅ on microwave absorbing properties were investigated systematically. The results show that high titanium slag has good microwave absorption property; untreated high titanium slag mainly consists of crystalline compounds of anatase and iron titanium oxide, while the microwave-irradiation treated one is mainly composed of crystalline compounds of rutile and iron titanium oxide. Synthetic anatase is transformed completely into rutile at about 1 050 °C for 20 min under microwave irradiation. High frequency shift and low amplitude of voltage make high titanium slag an ideal microwave absorbent. 180 μm of particle size and 10% mass fraction of V₂O₅ are found to be the optimum conditions for microwave absorption. Foundation item: Project(2007CB613606) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(50734007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Effects of water phase concentration on the emulsion polymerization of polyaniline

Ｄｕｒｉｎｇｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓｐｏｌｙａｎｉｌｉｎｅ(ＰＡＮ)ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｐｏｌｙ ｍｅｒｓｆｏｒｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｄｕｅｔｏｉｔｓｈｉｇｈｅｎｖｉ ｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｈｉｇｈｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ[1 3] .ＰＡＮｃａｎｂｅｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄｂｙｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ[4 6 ] .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｃｏｎｊｕ…     

Asymmetric synthesis of 3β-acetoxy-17,17-ethylendioxy-15β, 16β-methylene-5-androsten-7β-ol

3β-acetoxy-17, 17-ethylendioxy-15β, 16β-methylene-5-androsten-7β-ol(I) was prepared by 3 steps from 3β-acetoxy-15β, 16β-methylene-5-androsten-17-one (II) with overall yield of 52.7%. Thus, interaction of ethylene glycol and material (II) gave 3β-acetoxy- 17, 17-ethylendioxy-15β, 16β-methylene-5-androsten (III) which was subsequently oxidated and stereoselectively reduced to produce compound(I). The normal influencing factors, such as the types of oxidants and reductives, the mole ratio of reactants, the reaction temperature, and the addition ways of reactants, in oxidation and reduction were discussed. The results show that the oxidation rate order is CrO₃-C₅H₅N (1:1, mole fraction)>CrO₃-C₅H₅N(1:2)>(C₅H₅NH)₂Cr₂O₇ in terms of the oxidant, the yield of the oxidation becomes higher with increasing the oxidant stoichiometry and raising the reaction temperature. And the optimum condition is that the reaction temperature is at 30 °C, and n(III)/n(CrO₃-C₅H₅N(1:2))=1:20. The yield of the −7β alcohol order with Li[Al(OC(CH₃)₃)₃H] (e. g. 78.6%) is more than that with NaBH₄ (e. g. 14.5%) in terms of the reductive agent and the reduction rate decreases in the course of reaction. The compound (I) is characterized by IR and MS. Foundation item: Project (1357) supported by the Excellent Young Teachers Program of the Ministry of Education of China     

Pressureless sintered 3Y-TZP/20%Al2O3 composite ceramic

Nanometer 3Y-TZP/20%Al₂O₃ (mass fraction) composite powders prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method were pressureless sintered at 1550 °C for 2 h. Effects of calcining temperatures at 800 °C, 1 000 °C, and 1 200 °C on phase structure, relative density, and Vicker’s hardness of the sintered bodies were studied. The results show that 1 000 °C was the optimal calcining temperature, and the powder calcined was composed of tetragonal zirconia with the Scherrer crystalline size of 6.3nm. The relative density was up to 98.5% under pressureless sintering, and the sintered body was t-ZrO₂ (without m-ZrO₂)+α-Al₂O₃ with the average size of 0.4 μm. Foundation item: State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy(No.9706-36) Biography of the first author: YIN Bang-yao, born in 1966, majoring in advanced ceramic materials.     

Fabrication and microstructure of SiO2−GeO2 sol-gel glass coatings

SiO₂−GeO₂ sols and gel glass coatings with different contents of germanium dioxide were fabricated. Stable and transparent sols could only be obtained when the content of GeO₂ was under 35%. It is shown by SEM that only one continuous phase is observed in the coating of 65SiO₂·35GeO₂ and plenty of Ge, O and Si were all found in it. However, the separated phase is found in the coating of 60SiO₂·40GeO₂ and a large number of Ge and O. It is proved by the Raman scattering investigation that the separated phase in the coating of 60SiO₂ ·40GeO₂ is germanium dioxide. The congeries of hydrolystates of Cl₃ GeCH₂ CH₂ COOH play the main role in the formation of the separated phase when the proportion of GeO₂ is much higher. Si−O−Ge, Si−O−Si, and Ge−O−Ge bonds form in the coating of 65SiO₂·35GeO₂ and this coating is homogenous. Jing Cheng-bin: Born in 1974 This work was partly financially supported by the Foundation of Key Teachers of Ministry of Education, China     

Bursting of Morris-Lecar neuronal model with current-feedback control

The Morris-Lecar (ML) neuronal model with current-feedback control is considered as a typical fast-slow dynamical system to study the combined influences of the reversal potential V _Ca of Ca²⁺ and the feedback current I on the generation and transition of different bursting oscillations. Two-parameter bifurcation analysis of the fast subsystem is performed in the parameter (I, V _Ca)-plane at first. Three important codimension-2 bifurcation points and some codimension-1 bifurcation curves are obtained which enable one to determine the parameter regions for different types of bursting. Next, we further divide the control parameter (V ₀, V _Ca)-plane into five different bursting regions, namely, the “fold/fold” bursting region R1, the “fold/Hopf” bursting region R2, the “fold/homoclinic” bursting region R3, the “subHopf/homoclinic” bursting region R4 and the “subHopf/subHopf” bursting region R5, as well as a silence region R6. Codimension-1 and -2 bifurcations are responsible for explanation of transition mechanisms between different types of bursting. The results are instructive for further understanding the dynamical behavior and mechanisms of complex firing activities and information processing in biological nervous systems. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10872014 and 10702002)     

Structure and stability of Li-Mn-Ni composite oxides as lithium ion sieve precursors in acidic medium

A series of spinel Li-Mn-Ni composite oxides with theoretical chemical formula of LiNixMn2-xO4 (0≤x≤1.0) were synthesized by liquid phase method. Their structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM),respectively. The stability of these Ni-substituted spinel oxides prepared at different temperatures was investigated in acidic medium as well. The results show that Ni can be brought into the spinel framework completely to form well-crystallized ...     

Transmission properties of a new glass ceramic and doped with Co2+ as saturable absorber for 1.54 µm Er glass short pulse laser

The preparation and characteristics of a new transparent glass ceramic were described. Crystal phase particles with nanometer size were successfully precipitated in glass matrix, which was confirmed to be one of indium aluminum zinc oxide compounds (InxAlyZnzO). The presence of aluminum (Al) and indium (In) impurities in the zinc oxides (ZnO) crystal lattice leads to some changes of the carrier concentration in the material and then promote the sharply changes of transmission spectra in IR range wavelength. And subsequently, the IR cut-off edge blue shifted from 5.5 μm in base glass to 3 μm in transparent glass ceramic sample. Furthermore, passive Q switched 1.54 μm Er glass laser pulses with pulse energy of 10 mJ and pulse width of 800 ns were successfully obtained by using the cobalt doped transparent glass ceramic as a saturable absorber.     

Microscopic phase-field simulation of Cr atom substitution character during formation of Ll2 and DO22 phases in Ni-Cr-Al alloy

The simulations of Cr atom substitution character during the formation of L12 and DO22 phases in Ni-Cr-Al alloy were performed at 873 K based on microscopic phase-field model. It is found that the substitution of Cr is affected by Cr and Al contents and limits of occupation probabilities of Cr atom in L12 phase are present. The precipitate is single L12 phase when the component is less than the limit, Cr atoms substitute the Al sublattices in Ll2 phase, and both of atoms Al and Cr occupy the β-sites and complex phases Ni3（Al1-xCrx） are formed; Cr atoms enter Ni sites when Al and Cr contents exceed the limit, and substitute β-sites or both of α- and β-sites. The DO22 phase is formed at the boundary of Ll2 phase.     

Influences of silver sulfide on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite, pyrite and chalcopyrite-containing ore

The effects of silver sulfide (Ag2S) on the bioleaching of chalcopyrite and pyrite were investigated in this paper. It has been shown that Ag2S enhanced the yields of bioleaching of chalcopyrite but inhibited the bio-oxidation of pyrite. The addition of Ag:S selectively increased the copper dissolution from the chalcopyritecontaining ores in shake flasks with a recovery of 85.3 % compared with 24.3 % without Ag2S, while slightly decreased the iron yields from 51% to 41.8%. The copper extraction of the chalcoopyrite-containing waste rock in column leaching charged with 18 kg mass increased up to 21.7% in the presence of Ag2S, while only 3.4% in the absence of the catalyst. The mechanism of Ag2S catalysis could be explained well by the “Mixedpotential model”.     

Separation of cobalt and nickel by non-equilibrium solvent extraction

Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄｔｏｂｅａｋｉｎｄｏｆｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｗｏｐｈａｓｅｓａｒｅｍｉｘｅｄｆｏｒｅｎｏｕｇｈｔｉｍｅａｎｄｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｃａｎｒｅａｃｈｔｈｅｓｔａｔｅｏｆｔｈｅｒ ｍｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍ .Ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ ,ｔｈｉｓｋｉｎｄｏｆｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｃａｎｎｏｔａｃｈｉｅｖｅｓａｔｉｓｆａｃｔｏ…     

Flow stress behavior of Cu13Zn alloy deformed at elevated temperature

Ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｓａｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｏｆａｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｔｏｅｘｔｅｒｎａｌｌｙａｐ ｐｌｉｅｄｌｏａｄｉｎｇ ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓ .Ｔｈｅｐｒｅ ｃｉｓｅｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｖｅｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆｔｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｓｔｈｅｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｍａｔｅｒｉ…     

Enantiomeric separation of phenylsuccinic acid by cyclodextrin-modified reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography

The chiral separation of phenylsuccinic acid (PSA) was studied by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral mobile phase additives. The effects of types of CDs, concentration of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), percentage of organic modifier, pH value and column temperature on enantioselective separation were investigated. The quantification property of the developed RP-HPLC method was examined. The chiral recognition mechanism of PSA was also discussed. The results show that a baseline separation of PSA enantiomers is achieved on a Lichrospher C18 column (4.6 mm (inner diameter)×250 mm, 5 μm) with HP-β-CD as chiral mobile phase additive. The capacity factors of R-PSA and S-PSA are 3.94 and 4.80, respectively. The separation factor and resolution are respectively 1.22 and 8.03. The mobile phase is a mixture of acetonitrile and deionized water (20:80, volume ratio) containing 10 mmol/L HP-β-CD and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.5, adjusted with triethylamine) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The ultraviolet (UV) detector is set at 254 nm. The likely roles are inclusion interaction, induction and hydrogen bonding between HP-β-CD and PSA enantiomers. Foundation item: Project(20776038) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Synthesis and characterization of arsenate antimonic acid AAAc(1 : 1)

The AAAc(1 : 1) was synthesized in water by As₂O₃ and Sb₂O₃ with molar ratio of 1 : 1. AAAc(1 : 1) was characterized by Raman, IR, TG/DTG, DSC, XPS and XRD. The results show that there are four peaks to v _s of As-OH, As-O-Sb, Sb-OH and Sb-O-Sb in Raman spectra of AAAc(1 : 1) at 100 – 1 000 cm⁻¹. The solution of AAAc(1 : 1) was also titrated with KOH solution. The titration results show that AAAc(1 : 1) is a hexabasic acid with dissociation constants of k ₁=3.62 × 10⁻², k ₂=3.05 × 10⁻³, k ₃=6.43 × 10⁻⁶, k ₄ =9.78 × 10⁻⁸, k ₅=1.32 × 10⁻¹¹, k ₆=3.87 × 10⁻¹². AAAc(1 : 1) has a good solubility and stability in water, its solid obtained by free volatilizing water from its solution under air at ambient temperature is amorphous. Chemical and thermal analysis show that the composition of AAAc(1 : 1) is As₂O₅ · Sb₂O₅ · 8H₂O in air at 25 °C. AAAc(1 : 1) has the structure of AsO(OH)₂-OH-Sb(OH)₄-O-Sb(OH)₄-OH-AsO(OH)₂ or As(OH)₃-O-Sb(OH)₄-O-Sb(OH)₄-O-As(OH)₃ (isomerism) through experimental determination and geometry optimization. Foundation item: Project(50274075) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

错流萃取分离1,1,2-三氯乙烷——DMF体系的实验研究

在常温、常压下采用错流液液萃取装置,研究了以水为萃取剂,多级错流萃取分离1,1,2-三氯乙烷—DMF体系的工艺条件,综合考察了溶剂比和萃取级数对错流萃取结果的影响,结果表明在溶剂比S∶F=1∶1的比例下,采用四级萃取可使萃余相中1,1,2-三氯乙烷的含量达到99.5%以上,且DMF的回收率同时达到99.5%以上.