Health information and information systems

The author gives an account of the contents of medical and health informatics. Information systems are the second most important area of health informatics and their contribution to the functions of hospitals, policlinics and individual surgeries is substantial. The position in this country as regards implementation and communication of hospital information systems is not simple and the implementation of completely functional systems will still need considerable efforts. Probably it will be also essential to have a new category of university trained workers which exists in other countries, so-called health care administrators or managers.     

Outdated information

We present a familial case of isochromosome 18p [i(18p)] as a supernumerary chromosome. The mother, who is a mosaic for i(18p) with partial tetrasomy 18p syndrome, transmitted the isochromosome to her only child. The child has the full syndrome of tetrasomy 18p. This is the first case of mosaicism i(18p) in an adult patient with clinical manifestations.     

技术信息

太钢开发出大规格不锈钢盘条L ARGE DIAMETER STAINL ESS STEEL COIL SDEVEL OPED AT TAIYUAN STEEL太钢不锈钢盘条规格的开发从8mm开始 ,通过不断地更新设备及技术攻关 ,产品规格逐步向两头延伸 ,形成了5 .5～ 13mm 12个规格的产品系列 ,满足了用户对小规格的需求。为改变大规格不锈钢盘条主要依靠进口的局面 ,太钢将开发大规格不锈钢盘条作为高线产品开发重点。太钢高线轧机的设计规格最大为 16 mm,由于不断改造设备 ,改进工艺 ,碳素钢产品规格已突破16 mm ,但不锈钢的变形阻力大大高于碳素钢 ,因而难度很…     

标准文献信息资源的搜集和标准信息服务

从传统方式和网络环境下标准文献的搜集方法,介绍了几个主要的国内标准信息网站,并简单阐述了标准信息服务的现状和发展目标、标准信息服务人员应具备的素质条件。     

Too much information: The perils of nondiagnostic information in negotiations.

Two studies showed that possessing information about a negotiation counterpart that is irrelevant to the negotiation task can impair negotiators' effectiveness because such knowledge impedes effective information exchange. In Study 1, negotiators who possessed diagnostic and nondiagnostic forms of information were each less likely to exchange information about their preferences within the negotiation. However, only those negotiators who possessed nondiagnostic information achieved inferior negotiation outcomes as a result. In Study 2, negotiators possessing nondiagnostic information about their counterparts in electronically mediated negotiations were more likely to terminate the search for mutually beneficial outcomes prematurely and declare impasses. They were also less able to use diagnostic forms of information to make mutually beneficial trade-offs. As a result, negotiators in these dyads achieved inferior outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Continuous versus discrete information processing: Modeling accumulation of partial information.

Comments on D. E. Meyer and colleagues' (see record 1988-28535-001) new technique for examining the time course of information processing, which is a variant of the response signal procedure: On some trials Ss are presented with a signal that requires them to respond, whereas on other trials they respond normally. The accuracy of guesses based on partial information can be determined by using the data from the regular trials and a simple race model to remove the contribution of fast-finishing regular trials from signal trial data. This analysis shows that the accuracy of guesses is relatively low and is either approximately constant or grows slowly over the time course of retrieval. Myers et al argue that this pattern of results rules out most continuous models of information processing. But the analyses presented in the present article show that this pattern is consistent with several stochastic RT models: the simple random walk, the runs, and the continuous diffusion models. The diffusion model is assessed with data from a new experiment using the study–test recognition memory procedure. Fitting the diffusion model to the data from regular trials fixes all parameters of the model except one (the signal encoding and decision parameter). With this one free parameter, the model predicts the observed guessing accuracy. It is concluded that the results obtained from Meyer and colleagues' new technique give qualitative support to some stochastic models and quantitative support to the continuous diffusion model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Knowledge-based information acquisition: Norms and the functions of consensus information.

Mill's (1872/1973) method of difference prescribes that the lay scientist should use consensus information as a control condition for the person and distinctiveness information as a control condition for the stimulus when analyzing their causal effects on the occurrence of the target event. However, in studies of information acquisition, subjects have shown a consistent preference for distinctiveness information when answering causal questions about the person, and for consensus information when answering causal questions about the stimulus. To explain this discrepancy, we distinguish between the evaluative, contrastive, and corroborative functions of consensus and distinctiveness information. In addition, we suggest that Ss seek consensus information only if it is relevant to the question posed to them, and if they cannot supply it from their own presupposed knowledge of behavioral norms. We report 4 information acquisition experiments that provide support for our analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

信息时代大学生的信息素质教育

分析了信息素质教育的内涵及信息素质教育的现状,探讨了在信息时代培养大学生信息素质能力的内容及方法。     

Teaching information mastery: evaluating information provided by pharmaceutical representatives

BACKGROUND: The pharmaceutical industry plays a large role in the lifelong learning of family physicians. Controversy exists over how to integrate this potential information source into residency curricula. METHODS: Based on a a faculty and resident needs assessment, a curriculum was designed to teach the evaluation of pharmaceutical representatives' (PRs) presentations. The Pharmaceutical Representative Evaluation Form is the keystone of the curriculum. This evaluation form guides discussion of pharmaceutical presentation to facilitate understanding of the sales process and help residents confirm or dispute the presentation's content, based on the sales methods used. A second goal of the evaluation program is to improve the content of the PRs' presentations. RESULTS: Residents rapidly acquire the ability to identify potential fallacies of logic and other misleading sales techniques in representatives' presentations. Compared with pretest results, residents' posttest scores demonstrate an understanding that PRs and the acceptance of promotional items can affect their prescribing behavior. Most PRs are pleased that their role is seen as educational. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians must function more as information managers than as information repositories, and it is important that residents be able to obtain useful information from PRs. Our curriculum has been effective in increasing residents' abilities to evaluate the pharmaceutical sales process and allowing them to separate the ?wheat from the chaff? contained in this ubiquitous source of information.