脲醛/硅酸钠复合制备农药微胶囊

以脲醛/硅酸钠复合材料包覆敌敌畏制备农药微胶囊,替代塑料插管生产森防烟剂.制备条件对胶囊尺寸和性能有影响.当脲醛预聚体与硅酸钠的质量比为50:10,搅拌速度150～250 r/min,反应温度65℃,时间为14～15 h,对敌敌畏的包覆率达97.94%,所得微胶囊的有效成分含量为88.85%,微胶囊粒径为0.8～1.2 mm.热贮(54±2)℃、14 d,敌敌畏失重率小于0.3%,达到了生产森防烟剂的要求.     

薄荷油微胶囊的制备及其共混熔融纺丝

以密胺树脂为壁材、薄荷油为芯材制备薄荷油微胶囊并与聚丙烯(PP)进行熔融共混纺丝得到了芳香纤维。通过设计正交试验,获得微胶囊的最佳制备工艺条件为:芯壁质量比2∶3、壁材质量分数8%、乳化剂质量分数0.8%、缩聚时间2 h;所得的微胶囊平均粒径小(4.568μm)、热稳定性好、形貌规整且产率高(63.17%)。以PP为基体制备微胶囊质量分数20%的母粒,再与PP进行共混熔融纺丝,结果表明:当共混物中微胶囊的实际添加质量分数为2.5%时,共混物可纺性好,纤维的强度可达3.4 c N/dtex。在纺丝前后微胶囊的含油率变化不大,纤维中的含油量为14.05 mg/g。     

洗衣粉中茉莉香精微胶囊的制备条件与研究

采用包结络合法以β-环糊精为壁材,对茉莉香精进行微胶囊化工艺处理,赋予其缓释性,经试验获得最佳包结条件为:β-CD与茉莉香精的质量比为10∶3,β-CD的溶解温度80℃,包结温度为50℃,水溶液中的质量分数w(β-CD)、20%,pH值7.0。采用此工艺条件,可制得包埋率较高的微胶囊香精、     

原位聚合制备三聚氰胺脲醛树脂石蜡微胶囊及性能

利用廉价的三聚氰胺脲醛树脂为壳材料,低熔点石蜡为芯材,用原位聚合的方法成功制备了三聚氰胺脲醛树脂石蜡微胶囊.通过正交实验优化,微胶囊石蜡质量含量达到61.78%,包裹率达到94.15%.用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)考察了微胶囊相变材料的热性能,其相变温度和焓值分别为12.53℃、137.16 J·g^-1.以Washburn方程为理论根据考察了微胶囊相变材料的亲水性质,其亲水性随石蜡含量增加而降低.     

丁香油的超临界CO2萃取及其微胶囊的制备

在70℃和10 MPa条件下通过对丁香花蕾进行超临界CO2萃取得到丁香油,萃取率达19%～21%.气质联用分析结果表明,丁香油中主要化学成分包括丁香酚、β-石竹烯和乙酰基丁香酚等.以丁香油为囊芯,探讨利用干酵母细胞作为囊壁材料制备微胶囊的可行性.通过正交试验考察了包埋温度、包埋时间、丁香油与干酵母配比(芯材比)对微胶囊化丁香油的影响.结果表明,在包埋温度70℃、包埋时间9 h和芯材比为1∶1(w/w)的条件下,微胶囊中丁香油包埋率达到41.26%.通过扫描电镜观察,丁香油微胶囊呈规则的球形,大小均一,颗粒直径在2.0～4.0 μm.在100℃下对经微胶囊化的丁香油加热20 h,其挥发率只有15.04%,远低于相同条件下丁香油的挥发率(58.29%).这种新型的微胶囊化方法,具有制备过程简单、包埋率高和不引入有机溶剂的优点.     

相变微胶囊的制备及其在调温织物中的应用

以无机SiO2为壁材、正十八烷为芯材制备相变微胶囊(MEPCM),利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、粒径分析、差示扫描量热仪和热重分析仪对其结构形貌与性能进行表征。结果表明,制备的正十八烷相变微胶囊具有良好的球形外观,平均粒径为538. 2 nm;该微胶囊熔融温度和熔融热焓分别为27. 75℃和125. 1 kJ/kg,具有较高的热稳定性;采用浸轧法将MEPCM整理到纯棉织物上得到相变调温织物,并考察了浸轧整理液中微胶囊的添加量对织物性能的影响。经过增重率和DSC测试得出MEPCM最佳质量分数为20%,制备出的相变调温织物的熔融温度和熔融热焓分别为26. 50℃和15. 60 kJ/kg,具有良好的耐水洗性和透气性。     

界面聚合网状壳体聚氨酯相变微胶囊的制备与性能

采用界面聚合法,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)与三官能度的三乙醇胺(TEA)为反应单体,制备了具有高致密性网状交联结构的相变微胶囊。考察了不同芯/壁质量比对微胶囊表面形貌和粒径分布的影响,以及TEA用量对微胶囊表面形貌、化学结构、热稳定性和致密性的影响。结果表明,所制备微胶囊呈球形分布,表面完整致密,当芯/壁质量比≥2.73∶1.00时,微胶囊表面凹陷消失。当芯/壁质量比为2.73∶1.00,TEA用量为3.5 g时,所制备微胶囊壳体致密无破损,具有优良的热稳定性和致密性,可耐200℃以上高温,经120℃烘干6 h后,微胶囊的质量损失率为5.52%。微胶囊的熔融温度(T_m)和熔融热焓(△H_m)分别为22.5℃和86.37J/g,储热性能较好。     

缓释定向释放型IgY微胶囊的制备及其效果评价

目的制备缓释定向释放型IgY微胶囊,并评价其效果。方法采用喷雾干燥法,以明胶、海藻酸钠为微胶囊壁材,制备抗仔猪病原性腹泻IgY微胶囊。以IgY的活性、包封率、体外释放性能及稳定性为评价指标,通过单因素分析和L_9(3_4)正交试验,分别从成囊材料的配比对微胶囊性能的影响、制备微胶囊成囊乳化液的稳定性影响因素以及喷雾干燥条件3方面对IgY微胶囊制备条件进行优化,并评价微胶囊的IgY活性、包封率、在人工胃液(simulated gastric fluid,SGF)和人工肠液(simulated intestinal fluid,SIF)中的缓释效果及稳定性。结果筛选出的制备微胶囊的最佳工艺条件为:明胶浓度4%、海藻酸钠浓度0.75%,按IgY与明胶-海藻酸钠质量比为3∶4加入IgY,乳化后按进风温度170℃,进料速度10 ml/min,干燥时间10 s,出口温度70℃进行喷雾干燥。在此工艺条件下制备的IgY微胶囊包封率为77.4%,活性保持在85%以上;在SGF中2 h释放率为8.6%,在SIF中4 h释放率为81.2%;90℃加热30 s仍可保持50%以上的活性,常温(25~30℃)放置10个月活性仍保持在90%以上,4℃保存10个月活性仅下降5%。结论本工艺制备的明胶-海藻酸钠IgY微胶囊具有生物活性高,稳定性强的特点,且对特异性IgY具有缓释和靶向作用。     

PA@SiO_2相变储能微胶囊的制备及其热性能研究

以SiO_2为壳材,相变材料石蜡(PA)为芯材,采用界面水解缩聚法制备石蜡相变微胶囊(PA@SiO_2)。FT-IR和SEM测试结果表明,制备的石蜡相变微胶囊具有球形颗粒外观,且制备过程中除了正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)的水解缩聚,没有发生其他化学反应;DSC及TGA对样品进行热性能测试,得出该微胶囊熔融温度和熔融热焓分别为53.64℃和67.19 kJ/kg,其热效率可达44.83%,且SiO_2的包覆提高了相变材料的热稳定性。此外,利用红外热成像仪观察石蜡与相变微胶囊的升降温过程发现,经无机壳材SiO_2包覆后,材料的升降温速率较石蜡相变材料明显提高,且微胶囊化对固-液相变材料具有很好的定形效果。制备的相变微胶囊具有较高的相变潜热,可在能量存储、蓄热调温及军事伪装等方面得到应用。     

聚氨酯微胶囊相变材料的制备及性能

以硬脂酸丁酯为芯材,2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和三乙醇胺(TEA)为反应单体制备壁材,采用界面聚合法制备具有储热能力的聚氨酯微胶囊相变材料,并对所制微胶囊的表面形貌、红外结构、热稳定性、相变性能和致密性进行表征分析。结果表明,所制微胶囊呈球形结构均匀分布,熔融温度(ΔT_m)和熔融热焓(ΔH_m)分别为20. 60℃和84. 09 J/g,储热性能优异。热稳定性和致密性分析表明,当TEA质量为4. 5 g、芯材完全失重时,微胶囊的质量保留率最高为52. 6%,120℃持续烘干6 h,质量损失率最低仅为21. 8%,表明所制备的微胶囊具有良好的热稳定性和致密性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。