水热法制备KNbO3粉体的研究

以KOH和Nb2O5为原料, KOH作为矿化剂,通过水热法合成了结晶度高﹑晶粒发育完整的KNbO3微晶.借助XRD分析了钾铌比、反应温度和反应时间对晶相和粒度的影响;并通过SEM分析了KNbO3的晶粒形貌.研究结果表明:钾铌比和反应温度是水热合成铌酸钾粉体的关键因素,所得铌酸钾为斜方晶相的微晶.     

铌酸钾水热合成及其光催化性能的研究

以氢氧化钾和氧化铌为原料,通过水热法合成了结晶度高、呈片层结构的铌酸钾（K₄Nb₆O₁₇）微晶。通过XRD、SEM等手段考察了水热反应温度、反应时间和铌钾比对晶相和形貌的影响,研究了该材料对有机染料罗丹明的光催化降解性能。实验得到合成铌酸钾的最佳条件：水热反应为24 h、反应温度为240 ℃、钾铌物质的量比为7、催化剂用量为30 mg、反应时间为100 min。在此最优条件下,可实现对20 mg/L的罗丹明溶液的快速降解。     

乙二醇钾合成工艺的研究

研究了以乙二醇和氢氧化钾为原料,采用有机芳烃溶剂作带水剂和反应溶剂,常压合成乙二醇钾.考察反应物物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间和溶剂用量等因素的影响.适宜的合成工艺条件为:乙二醇与氢氧化钾物质的量比(1.3～1.5)∶1,反应温度(100～160)℃,反应时间3h,乙二醇转化率达85.11％.     

酰氯法合成双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯

研究了以丙烯酸、二氯亚矾、双季戊四醇为原料合成双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯的方法，考察了反应温度、反应时间、酸醇物质的量比等因素的影响，获得的最佳反应条件是：反应温度40℃，反应时间3h，酸醇物质的量比6．8：1，双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯收率达79．6％。     

湿法磷酸与氯化钾脱氯反应生产低氯磷钾肥试验研究

对湿法磷酸和氯化钾直接混合加热脱氯进行了正交试验研究，设定了2组不同范围的因素水平，所得结果表明：氯的脱除率随温度、磷钾物质的量比和反应时间的增加而增加。在设定的因素水平下，第1组最高氯脱除率的条件为反应温度260℃，磷钾物质的量比1．0：1．0，反应时间1．5h；第2组最高氯脱除率的条件为反应温度440oC，磷钾物质的量比1．0：1．0，反应时间3．0h。     

环丁烷四甲酸二酐的合成研究

以顺丁烯二酸酐为原料,碳酸二乙酯为溶剂,在紫外光照射下合成环丁烷四甲酸二酐,考察了顺丁烯二酸酐与碳酸二乙酯的物质的量比、反应时间和反应温度对产品收率、含量的影响。结果表明,当顺丁烯二酸酐与碳酸二乙酯的物质的量比1∶8.3、反应时间30~35 h、反应温度5℃时,产品环丁烷四甲酸二酐的收率可达75.2%,纯度99.0%。     

水杨酸己酯的催化合成

以铁钾矾为催化剂,水杨酸和正己醇为原料,合成水杨酸己酯。研究了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比以及反应时间等因素对水杨酸酯化率的影响。结果表明,铁钾矶是合成水杨酸己酯的良好催化剂。在酸醇物质的量比为1：1．8,催化剂用量为5％,带水剂环己烷10mL,反应时间3h,反应温度110～130℃的条件下,水杨酸的酯化率可以达到92．3％。     

肌氨酸钠的合成研究

研究了合成肌氨酸钠的新方法，在优化合成条件的基础上，确定了此合成方法的最佳工艺条件：n羟基乙腈：n甲胺（物质的量比）为1：1．10－1：1．15；nNaOH:n羟基乙腈（物质的量比）为1：1．46－1：1．56；综合反应温度为10℃；水解温度为90－100℃；缩合反应滴加后的反应时间为1h。并且得出了较高的收率。     

铌酸催化合成苹果酯的研究

以铌酸为催化剂，由乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇合成了苹果酯，考察了影响收率的因素，其最佳条件为：乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇的物质的量比为1：1．5、催化剂用量为反应物质量的1．4％、带水剂用量为反应物只的42．2％，反应在回流温度下进行，反应时间2．5h，收率达84．8％。     

聚氧乙烯丁酸酯的合成研究

采用聚氧乙烯醚，通过酯化反应合成高沸点、化学性质稳定的分散剂。实验选用聚氧乙烯醚和丁酸，系统地研究了不同的物质的量的比例、温度、催化剂含量和反应时间对酯化反应的影响。研究表明：当醇与酸物质的量的比为1：1．2，反应温度为120℃，催化剂含量为聚氧乙烯醚质量的0．1％，反应时间为5h，得到的酯化率为85％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。