轴/径向耦合式非接触型压电作动器的研究

提出了一种基于近场声悬浮机理的球转子压电作动器,特别设计了可分别沿轴向和径向辐射超声近场的作动器,其目的是为了实现球转子的稳定、可控悬浮和高速旋转,可将其应用到航空航天的高速电机、球轴承传动或姿态传感领域。该新型压电作动器通过轴向与径向悬浮装置的不同耦合形式来提供超声悬浮力并以非接触的方式驱动球转子,实现对球转子的灵活控制。介绍了轴/径向耦合式非接触型压电作动器的结构和工作原理,通过仿真得到了悬浮装置的声场分布形式,深入分析和阐释了球转子的悬浮和驱动机制,加工了样机,搭建了轴/径向耦合式超声悬浮型压电作动器的特性测试系统,通过非接触式激光位移传感器得到了球转子的悬浮特性,并获得了691.5r/min的转速。     

转子涡动工况下螺旋槽液膜密封性能研究

基于转子在临界转速下的涡动特性,分析转子涡动的轴心运动轨迹.由于动环圆心运动轨迹追随转子,故以动环圆心的圆形运动轨迹为研究点,建立动环偏心的液膜区域模型.采用有限差分法对广义雷诺方程进行离散,通过SOR迭代方法对离散方程进行求解,得到液膜密封端面压力分布,并探讨动环偏心距对液膜开启力、摩擦扭矩、泄漏量以及空化率等液膜密...     

圆筒型非接触式压电作动器的设计与试验研究

 提出了一种基于超声悬浮和驱动的非接触式压电作动器,该作动器中的转子呈完全悬浮状态。转子的悬浮由兰杰文换能器提供,自身旋转与定位由圆筒型定子提供。通过分别对换能器和定子的压电陶瓷片施加电压,使得换能器悬浮端面激发出一阶弯曲振动模态,而定子激发出两相B(0,3)驻波并合成一高声强行波,进而诱发高声强声场来驱动转子。分别建立了非接触式压电作动器中兰杰文换能器和定子的有限元模型,对换能器和定子进行了分析、设计、扫频以及定频试验,确定了结构方案, 最后加工、制造了样机。搭建了整个样机的测试系统,对其悬浮和驱动特性进行了分析,测得转子转速可达4261r/min。结果表明转子在近声场的作用下成功地实现了完全悬浮式的高速旋转。      

挤压膜轴承静态承载特性研究

为研究超声悬浮轴承的静态承载特性,设计了一种径向包容式超声悬浮气体挤压膜轴承。在分析挤压气膜润滑悬浮机理的基础上,利用曲线拟合方法求解挤压气膜模型曲线和厚度方程,根据黏性气体动力学理论建立了描述挤压气膜压力分布的Reynolds方程。采用有限差分法对挤压气膜的压力方程进行离散与差商替换,利用MATLAB自定义函数的功能对离散后的挤压膜方程进行数值计算,对气体挤压膜轴承的悬浮力进行了仿真并通过试验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于近声场的超声悬浮试验

针对非接触式悬浮传输装置的良好应用前景,设计可应用于此种场合的基于近场声的超声作动器.对该作动器的核心驱动部件——压电换能器进行了结构设计并加工制造出了换能器样机.利用PVS-300F型多谱勒激光测振仪对换能器样机进行模态试验,获得了相关的动态特性参数.利用该作动器进行悬浮能力试验,发现随着激励电压的增大,悬浮高度呈现非线性增加.作动器最大单位面积悬浮重量为12.53 g/cm2.将试验结果与声辐射压力的理论计算比较,发现两者具有相似的变化趋势.     

考虑边界滑移状态的液体动静压球轴承稳定性分析

液体动静压球轴承稳定性分析包括探究其动态特性及临界转速,其刚度和阻尼系数对轴承转子系统稳定性具有重要影响,而研究临界转速可有效避免轴承转子系统发生涡动失稳。考虑边界滑移条件,将小孔节流器进入油腔流量与封油边流出流量相等作为边界条件,求解出边界滑移状态下的Reynolds方程得到油腔压力和封油边压力;对边界滑移状态下瞬态Reynolds方程采用小扰动法推导出扰动压力偏微分方程,结合有限差分法和松弛迭代法求解方程得到边界滑移状态下液体动静压球轴承的刚度和阻尼系数,进而通过线性稳定性方法求解临界失稳转速,探讨滑移系数、供油压力、转子转速之于轴承动态特性的影响及临界转速之于滑移系数的变化规律。结果表明,滑移系数增大会导致4个刚度系数和交叉阻尼系数减小、直接阻尼增大;供油压力增大将导致8个动态特性系数均增大,转速增大将导致刚度增大及阻尼减小,且滑移效应的发生不影响上述规律;临界转速随滑移系数的增大而减小,系统稳定性降低。     

连续式风洞电机-联轴器-压缩机转子轴系横向振动分析

以某型连续式风洞的动力系统轴系为研究对象,建立了电机转子-联轴器-压缩机转子轴系的动力学模型,同时考虑到轴承动刚度、动阻尼、支撑刚度以及电机磁拉力等因素,使用DYNAMICS软件得到轴系的临界转速和振型等计算结果,并和实验数据进行对比,二者偏差范围小于±5%,轴系的理论不平衡响应也和实验数据有较好的吻合。研究表明,本文采用的建模方法正确,计算精度较高,满足工程实际需要。本文的研究阐明了电机柔性转子的临界转速分叉现象,揭示了电机转子和压缩机转子之间的振动耦合特性,对于机组的运行维护具有指导意义。     

杆式旋转超声电机在精密定位平台上的应用

介绍了一款杆式旋转超声电机,它由一个定子和两个转子构成,利用两个一阶弯曲振动模态工作。将该电机应用于驱动精密定位平台,并构建了基于计算机与GO-400运动控制器的精密定位平台控制系统。对于杆式超声电机,当利用专用驱动器供电,驱动器的输入电压为直流15V时,电机的空载转速为206r/min,堵转力矩为0.273N.m。对于精密定位平台,通过对电机进行正/反转控制、速度PID控制,实现平台的精密定位,定位精度达到2μm。进行了平台步进试验,其正/反向的位移分辨力都为1μm。利用旋转超声电机作精密定位系统的致动器时,可以采用旋转型光电编码器代替昂贵的直线型编码器,从而大大降低整个精密定位系统的价格。     

亚音速轴流压气机转子子午流面上的流场模拟

以具有试验数据的某亚音速轴流压气机转子为研究对象,建立了子午流面上的流场模型,采用有限差分法求解转子子午流面的控制方程.计算结果与试验数据进行了对比,比较的结果说明模拟的结果能够满足工程应用的需要,并且从气流参数分布规律的角度对转子设计的合理性进行了分析.     

透平膨胀机径向动静压混合气体轴承静特性分析

透平膨胀机应用的小孔节流式静压气体轴承的本质是动静压混合气体轴承,这里将动静压混合气体轴承作为研究对象,从动压轴承和静压轴承角度分别研究其工作原理和静态特性。混合气体轴承中气膜压力分布是求解轴承静态特性的关键,采用有限差分法（FDM）对含有气膜压力的Reynolds方程通过MTLAB编写的程序进行求解,分析混合轴承的工作原理并计算其静态特性。对比分析偏心率、转速、长径比和供气压力等因素对动压轴承和静压轴承静态特性的影响。结果表明：增大偏心率、提高转速、增大供气压力,采用轴承大长径比均可以提高动静压混合气体轴承的承载力;增大偏心率和提高转速,可增大气膜刚度,降低转子姿态角,提高转子稳定性。     

双框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺动框架效应补偿方法

双框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(Double gimbal magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope,DGMSCMG)是由磁悬浮高速转子系统与内框架、外框架速率伺服系统构成的航天器新型姿控执行机构。由于非线性及三个子系统间的强耦合,框架转动时磁悬浮转子位移急剧增大影响稳定性,同时框架系统的响应速度显著下降,称之为动框架效应。该效应严重影响了DGMSCMG的功能,必须加以抑制。建立DGMSCMG的动力学模型,分析三个子系统间的动力学耦合机理,提出一种基于复合控制的补偿方法,引入针对陀螺项的反馈和针对框架角速率给定的前馈消除磁悬浮转子附加位移,提高框架系统响应速度,并对补偿后系统做全局稳定性分析。仿真和试验结果表明,该方法能在保证系统稳定性的前提下有效抑制动框架效应,满足DGMSCMG的功能要求。     

Novel adaptive repetitive algorithm for active vibration control of a variable-speed rotor

The paper describes experimental work that demonstrates the use of repetitive control to attenuate radial vibrations of a variable speed-rotor. The experiments were performed on a rotor test rig having a 3-kg rotor supported by journal bearings. The first bending resonance of the rotor shaft (i.e. the critical speed) was approximately 50 Hz. The objective was to control the radial response at the rotor midpoint by using an actuator located outside the bearing span. A novel aspect of the controller design is that the length of the control output vector of the repetitive controller was updated as a function of the speed of rotation. The speed of rotation determined the required delay time and the repetitive filter length that approximately matches with the delay time. The results obtained were comparable to those achieved in earlier studies with feedforward compensation methods. The best results were achieved when the frequency of rotation enables an integer ratio between disturbance period and sample rate.     

六相串联三相双 PMSM 驱动系统低速区转子位置角高精度解耦观测研究

静止坐标系下通过控制不同平面的电压矢量可以实现六相串联三相PMSM系统中两台电机的独立解耦控制。基于此，在静止坐标系下六相平面和三相平面同时注入旋转高频电压，通过解调对应平面高频电流的负序分量，解耦获得两台电机的转子位置角初步观测值。为了补偿定子电阻、转速和滤波器对观测带来的误差，利用高频电流正序分量中误差角信息与转速前馈相结合的补偿方法，对转子位置角观测值进行补偿。实验结果表明，六相和三相电机稳态转子位置角观测误差绝对值的平均值为0.146和0.106 rad,动态下最大误差为0.2 rad;基于观测的转子位置角构建的无位置传感器直接转矩控制系统低速各种运行工况性能优越。     

Non-contact electromagnetic exciter design with linear control method

A non-contact type force actuator is necessary for studying the dynamic performance of a high-speed spindle system owing to its high-speed operating conditions. A non-contact electromagnetic exciter is designed for identifying the dynamic coefficients of journal bearings in high-speed grinding spindles. A linear force control method is developed based on PID controller. The influence of amplitude and frequency of current, misalignment and rotational speed on magnetic field and excitation force is investigated based on two-dimensional finite element analysis. The electromagnetic excitation force is measured with the auxiliary coils and calibrated by load cells. The design is validated by the experimental results. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that the proposed design can accurately generate linear excitation force with sufficiently large amplitude and higher signal to noise ratio. Moreover, the fluctuations in force amplitude are reduced to a greater extent with the designed linear control method even when the air gap changes due to the rotor vibration at high-speed conditions. Besides, it is possible to apply various types of excitations: constant, synchronous, and non-synchronous excitation forces based on the proposed linear control method. This exciter can be used as linear-force exciting and controlling system for dynamic performance study of different high-speed rotor-bearing systems.     

Frequency characteristics of non-contact ultrasonic motor with motion error correction

The purpose of this research is to achieve real time motion error correction of the rotor in a non-contact ultrasonic motor (non-contact USM). The rotor is installed in a cylindrical stator with a small gap and designed so that it has a resonant frequency of 22.2 kHz, the 8th flexural mode of vibration. The multi-layered piezoelectric actuators excite the flexural wave traveling in the circumference direction. The ultrasonic vibration produces a sound field that levitates the rotor, and the traveling wave induces a near-boundary streaming to rotate the rotor by viscous force. In this paper, we describe an experimental test of the performance of a non-contact USM. When the flexural vibration amplitude was 0.3 μm, the rotational speed was 4 rpm. The rotational speed and starting torque was proportional to the vibration amplitude. The starting performance to attain rotational speed had a time constant of 2 s for several different amplitudes hence the rotational torque is independent of the rotational speed and the resistance force on the rotor is governed by viscosity. In addition, the non-contact USM has the capability of contact-free micro positioning of the rotor by controlling the deformation of the piezoelectric actuators. The PI controller was constructed to correct the detected motion error of the rotor in the radial direction. As a consequence, a motion error of 0.8 μm for one rotor revolution was reduced to 0.1 μm.     

Study on self-tuning pole assignment speed control of an ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have a heavy nonlinearity, which varies with driving conditions. The nonlinearity is a problem as an accurate motion actuator for industrial applications and it is important to eliminate the nonlinearity in order to improve the control performance. In general, complicated control strategies are used to deal with the nonlinearity of ultrasonic motors. This paper proposes a new speed control scheme for ultrasonic motors to overcome the nonlinearity employing a simplified self-tuning control. The speed control model which can reflect the main nonlinear characteristics is obtained using a system identification method based on the step response. Then, a pole assignment speed controller is designed. To avoid the influence of the motor’s nonlinearity on the speed control performance, a control parameters’ on-line self-tuning strategy utilizing the gain of the model is designed. The proposed control strategy is realized using a DSP circuit, and experiments prove the validity of the proposed speed control scheme.     

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF NOVEL ACTIVE ACTUATOR TO CONTROL LOW FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS OF SHAFT SYSTEM

Aiming at providing with high-load capability in active vibration control of large-scale rotor system, a new type of active actuator to simultaneously reduce the dangers of low frequency flexural and torsional vibrations is designed. The actuator employs electro-hydraulic system and can provide a high and circumferential load. To initialize new research, the characteristics of various kinds of active actuators to control rotor shaft vibration are briefly introduced. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the preliminary results via presenting the structure, functions and operating principles, in particular, the working process of the electro-hydraulic system of the new actuator which includes a set of high speed electromagnetic valves and a series of sloping cone-shaped openings, and presenting the transmission relationships among the control parameters from control signals into the valves to active load onto shaft. The course of the work is dynamic, and a series of spatial forces and moments are put on the shaft to get an external resultant force to reduce excitations that induce vibration of shafts. By checking states of vibration, the actuator can control the impulse width and the interval of injection time for applying different control force to a vibration shaft in two circumference directions through the regulating action of a set of combination directional control valves. The results from simulating analysis and experiment show evidence of that this design can satisfy the case of active process of decreasing of flexural and torsional vibrations.     

Piecewise approximate analytical solutions for a Jeffcott rotor with a snubber ring

In the paper two approximate analytical methods for calculating nonlinear dynamic responses of an idealised model of a rotor system are devised in order to obtain robust analytical solutions, and consequently speed up the computations maintaining high computational accuracy. The physical model, which is similar to a Jeffcott rotor, assumes a situation where gyroscopic forces can be neglected and concentrates on the dynamic responses caused by interactions between a whirling rotor and a massless snubber ring, which has much higher stiffness than the rotor. The system is modelled by two second-order differential equations, which are linear for non-contact and strongly nonlinear for contact scenarios. The first and the simpler method has been named one point approximation (1PA) and uses only one point in the first-order Taylor expansion of the nonlinear term. It is suitable for soft impacts and gives a reasonable prediction of responses ranging from period one to period four motion. The second and more accurate method of multiple point approximation (MPA) expands the nonlinear term many times when the rotor and the snubber ring are in contact and it can even be used for calculating chaotic responses. The methods are evaluated by a comparison with direct numerical integration showing an excellent level of accuracy.