低碳含铌细晶双相钢的组织控制

利用热模拟压缩变形实验研究了低碳含铌钢基于过冷奥氏体动态相变细晶双相钢的组织控制.相变前的奥氏体状态(再结晶奥氏体或形变奥氏体组织)及Nb的存在状态对动态相变有较大的影响.结果表明,由于铌在再结晶奥氏体中主要以固溶状态存在,其固溶拖曳作用延迟了铁素体动态相变,要求在动态相变中施以大的应变量才能获得细小马氏体岛弥散分布于细晶铁素体中的双相组织;形变奥氏体中,大部分铌在奥氏体未再结晶区形变中应变诱导析出,动态相变中固溶铌拖曳作用的降低以及未再结晶区形变对奥氏体有效晶界面积(Sv)的提高均有利于铁素体在动态相变中快速形核,在小应变量下即可获得铁素体晶粒为1～2μm,马氏体岛＜1μm的超细晶双相组织.     

基于动态相变的热轧C-Mn-Al-Si系TRIP钢组织演变

通过热模拟压缩实验,研究了基于过冷奥氏体动态相变的C-Mn-Al-Si系热轧TRIP钢的组织演变规律.结果表明,在过冷奥氏体动态相变过程中,铁索体相变速率较快,生成铁索体的体积分数与应变量有着一定的对应关系,铁素体晶粒细小且未相变的奥氏体更加分散.在贝氏体等温处理时,过冷奥氏体动态相变后较大尺寸的奥氏体能够较快地发生贝氏体相变,但生成的贝氏体束尺寸较小,位向较为混乱;而位于相邻铁素体晶粒间,尺寸在0.5-1.5μm之间的细小奥氏体岛稳定性较高,不易于发生贝氏体相变.通过过冷奥氏体动态相变和随后的等温贝氏体处理,可以获得晶粒细小的铁索体、体积分数较高的残余奥氏体、贝氏体和残余奥氏体分布更加弥散的热轧TRIP钢.     

低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程超细铁素体的形成

采用过冷奥氏体在A3-Ar3之间变形工艺，获得平均晶粒尺寸约为2μm的微细铁素体晶粒组织，过冷奥氏体形变过程的组织演变包括两个阶段，形变前期以形变强化相变铁素体转变为主导；当相变基本完成后，形变后期以铁素体的动态再结晶为主，形变强化相变是一以形核为主的过程，是晶粒细化的主要原因，应变量较小时，铁素体主要沿原奥氏体晶界及晶内变形带等位置形核，随应变量的增加，以铁素体转变前沿畸变区的反复形核为主。     

不同变形温度下稀土Ce改性2507超级双相不锈钢的微观组织演变

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等试验手段对不同温度(室温、高温)下变形后的稀土Ce改性2507超级双相不锈钢的微观组织演变进行了表征。结果表明:在不同温度的变形过程中,双相不锈钢中铁素体相比例明显增加,但其增加机理却不相同,热变形过程中奥氏体相向高温铁素体发生转变导致铁素体相含量增加,而冷变形过程中奥氏体相则发生形变诱导马氏体转变导致铁素体相含量增加。热变形过程中奥氏体发生动态再结晶,铁素体晶粒发生动态回复导致晶粒细化;而冷变形过程中奥氏体发生形变诱导马氏体转变和形变孪晶,铁素体晶粒则发生碎化而导致晶粒细化。     

铝硅合金化耐候钢的晶粒细化和组织控制

通过热模拟试验研究了铝硅合金化耐候钢在形变强化相变及冷却过程中的组织演变规律。结果表明．其组织演变符合低碳钢形变强化相变的基本规律，形变温度较低时，铁素体转变量较高，晶粒尺寸较小。奥氏体晶粒细化促进形变强化相变过程的发生。经高温奥氏体和形变强化相变两道次变形并控制后续冷却工艺可以获得细晶铁素体和不同第二组织——直接淬火为铁素体（F）＋马氏体（M），以30℃／s冷却为铁素体（F）＋贝氏体（B），以2℃／s冷却为铁素体（F）＋珠光体（P）。当冷却速度大于30℃/s时，细晶铁素体长大不明显。     

中锰钢中原奥氏体晶粒尺寸对马氏体相变的影响

对中锰钢中原奥氏体晶粒尺寸对马氏体相变动力学的影响进行了分析。利用SEM、XRD、热膨胀相变仪和EBSD等检测手段,研究了不同原奥氏体晶粒尺寸下马氏体相变速率和马氏体板条组织的变化。通过不同温度的奥氏体化处理,分别得到了尺寸为(190±15)、(36±2)、(11±2)和(4.8±2) μm的原奥氏体晶粒。结果表明:随着原奥氏体晶粒尺寸的降低,马氏体相变开始温度由289 ℃降低到250 ℃,而马氏体的相变速率先升高后降低。分析表明,马氏体的相变速率与马氏体的形核点数量直接相关,而马氏体的形核点数量受原奥氏体晶粒尺寸大小和马氏体板条的宽长比影响。当原奥氏体晶粒尺寸小于5 μm时,马氏体板条的宽长比明显增加,马氏体形核点数目随过冷度增加而增加的速率明显降低,从而造成马氏体相变速率降低。     

不同Mn含量低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中的铁素体相变

通过热模拟压缩实验,对C,Si含量基本相同、Mn含量不同的低碳钢过冷奥氏体在形变温度760℃,形变速率1/s条件下单向压缩变形过程中的组织演变进行研究,分析了Mn对低碳钢过冷奥氏体变形特征、转变动力学特征以及形变强化相变铁素体晶粒细化的影响。结果表明,Mn延迟低碳钢形变强化相变的进行,Mn含量提高,完成相变所需总应变相应提高,形变强化铁素体转变动力学可分三个阶段,随Mn含量增加,各阶段所需时间延长,应变提高,通过形变强化相变,Mn含量(质量分数,％)为0.48,0.84和1.29三种钢可获得平均晶粒截径分别为3.57±1.60,2.00±1.05和2.29±1.02μm的微细等轴铁素体晶粒以及第二组织弥散分布的复相组织。     

钒微合金化600MPa级高强钢筋的组织与性能

结合Gleeble3500热力模拟与工业试验,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、拉伸试验与TEM研究了形变与冷却工艺对钒微合金化600 MPa级钢筋组织、力学性能及析出相的影响。结果表明:试验钢的铁素体转变范围广,无变形且冷速大于5℃/s时,组织中开始形成贝氏体与马氏体。相变前粗大的原奥氏体晶粒将促进贝氏体与板条马氏体形成;原奥氏体晶粒细小与低温形变有利于铁素体与岛状马氏体的形成。冷速较小时,试验钢经形变后的硬度值大于无形变后的硬度值。冷速较大时,试验钢无形变的硬度值大于形变后的硬度值。为了获得细小铁素体与珠光体以及细小弥散的氮化钒,最佳生产工艺为:终轧温度大于1000℃,冷速为3℃/s;或终轧温度为900℃,冷速为5℃/s。     

3Mn-0.2C中锰钢形变诱导铁素体动态相变机理

利用Gleeble热模拟、SEM、EBSD和EPMA等方法,研究了3Mn-0.2C中锰钢热变形中发生的形变诱导铁素体相变的组织转变行为,分析了中锰钢形变诱导超细晶组织的形成机理及其在热变形后亚动态过程中的组织稳定性。结果表明,3Mn-0.2C中锰钢在α+γ两相区变形时会诱发形变诱导铁素体相变,通过相变形成由超细晶铁素体、细小残余奥氏体和马氏体组成的多相组织。形变诱导铁素体以不饱和形核和有限生长的模式进行相变,这是导致铁素体晶粒超细化的重要机理。同时,在超细晶铁素体晶界及三叉晶界处形成的细小富Mn残余奥氏体使形变诱导相变组织具有优异的组织稳定性。     

工艺参数对过共析钢过冷奥氏体动态转变的影响

利用Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机进行单轴热压缩实验,研究了含Al过共析钢和不含Al过共析钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中,形变温度和应变速率对组织演变的影响。结果表明:过共析钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中的动态转变经历动态相变和相变所得珠光体的动态球化、超细化。过冷奥氏体动态相变抑制晶界网状渗碳体的形成。动态转变所经历的两个过程均为热激活过程,受形变温度和应变速率的影响。降低形变温度,使过冷度增加;降低应变速率,使完成应变的时间延长,两者均减小了过冷奥氏体完成动态相变所需的应变量,使相变所得的珠光体经历的变形程度增加,有利于珠光体实现球化、超细化。合金元素Al的添加阻碍铁、碳原子的扩散,推迟过冷奥氏体动态相变的发生,细化所得的球化、超细化复相组织。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.