基于混合协同进化算法的可调节产品族优化设计

针对产品族设计中平台通用性与实例产品性能的平衡问题,在分析可调节平台产品开发特点的基础上,基于多平台产品族设计空间的二维染色体表达方式,提出了混合协同进化的产品族优化设计方法.将通用性与设计变量种群的进化分别放入主一附两个相关过程,主过程使用第二代非支配排序遗传算法求解平台通用性与产品性能的Pareto前沿,附过程使用粒子群优化算法,以并行方式搜索每个通用性等级下满足约束的产品族优化方案,避免了两类种群同步进化带来的数据扰动问题.通用性种群对设计变量种群施加约束,保证二者变量共享的一致性.通过单相异步电动机产品族优化设计实例.验证了优化方法与算法的有效性.     

基于相似性与结构敏感性分析的产品平台设计过程模型

建立结构合理的产品平台是实现企业多样化效率和效益的重要途径。从设计角度把产品平台分为概念平台和实体平台,前者组成了产品族创新的核心资源,后者集合了企业产品的核心元件。提出了基于相似性分析与结构敏感性分析的产品平台设计过程模型,并对其中关键环节所涉及的通用化设计规则和方法进行了着重分析。应用该过程模型可以为企业建立更具柔性的层级产品平台架构,设计过程可以分为两个阶段:首先通过功能和概念结构相似性分析以及通用化设计建立产品概念平台;然后通过实体结构对需求变化的敏感性分析和通用化设计建立产品实体平台。最后该模型用于某企业的铠装刮板输送机产品平台的设计。     

基于公理设计和设计关联矩阵的产品平台设计新方法

产品平台是产品族设计的核心内容,合理地构建产品平台是提高产品设计可适应能力的关键。以公理设计为指导框架,以功能需求分析为出发点,提出一种产品平台设计新方法。该方法借鉴Kano模型,从用户需求的角度,将产品功能要求分为基本功能要求、期望功能要求和附加功能要求;基于公理设计原理,将产品功能要求映射为产品设计参数,建立设计矩阵;通过分析设计参数与各类功能要求之间的影响,构建产品设计关联矩阵,利用可拓聚类算法对设计关联矩阵进行聚类运算,将实现产品族基本功能要求的模块定义为公用模块;在此基础上,通过分析设计参数的灵敏度来选择公共平台参数,利用聚类分析以规划它们在产品平台中的共享策略。通过电力液压块式制动器产品族的平台设计实例,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

无公用平台下的参数化产品族多目标智能优化

在忽略产品间共性约束的条件下,参数化产品族整体性能的优化实际上等价于产品族内系列产品的独立优化。基于参数化产品族优化问题的复杂性,提出了一种基于拥挤距离排序的多目标多约束遗传算法（CDSMOGA）,并将其用于求解无公用平台下的产品族优化问题。通用电动机产品族设计实例的仿真试验结果表明,CDSMOGA所得产品族优化设计方案整体性能显著优于被比较方案,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

On the module identification for product family development

Modularity is the key to improve the cost-variety trade-off in product family development. This paper presents a methodology for identifying the constituent modules of product family. The methodology includes the following principles: (1) identify and isolate the individualized components into one module so that the product’s differentiation point is postponed; (2) identify and isolate the components with high possibility of being changed in the future into one module in order to improve the stability and commonality in the product family; (3) improve the functional independency of the modules so as to support the module configuration process and the functional extension of the product family; and (4) improve the structural independency of the modules so as to achieve higher efficiency in the module manufacturing process. These four principles are incorporated into a mathematical model and therefore the module identification problem is translated into a multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem. The problem is solved using genetic algorithm (GA). A case study is carried out on a gear reducer. Sensitivity analyses show that relative weights of each principle and different initial numbers of modules result in different module schemes.     

产品族设计中变型产品的知识描述

提出了在大批量定制生产模式下的产品族设计框架。在分析产品结构树的基础之上，对产品族中变型产品知识结构的描述进行了研究。该研究为产品族的建立提出系统的分析方法，并为企业的产品族设计提供了理论性的指导。     

应用几何遗传算法对叶栅进行改进设计的研究

几何遗传算法由于其独特的变量染色体表达和简易的编解码方式特别适合于对具有封闭轮廓线的形状优化问题的求解 (如翼型叶片的优化设计等 )。本文首次将几何遗传算法应用于流体机械中离心扩压器叶栅叶型的改进设计 ,所取得的结果令人满意。     

Managing modularity in product family design with functional modeling

Recent market transition from mass production to mass customization forces manufacturers to develop product families with a common platform to increase design variety, shorten time-to-market, and reduce production costs. This paper presents a new functional modeling approach to support identification of both shared and individual behavioral modules across a family of products for module-based product family design. After separate functional modeling of each product variant, the individual functional models are merged into a single, coherent, and unified family functional model to determine all the shared and individual behavioral modules. The modularity in the family functional model is further explicitly identified using a behavioral modularity matrix of product variants versus behavior. The proposed approach provides a fast method for generating new concept variants during the conceptual design of a family of products. The rationale of managing modularity in product family design with functional modeling is manifested using a modular design example of a family of automatic assembly devices.     

基于改进遗传算法的离散变量优化设计方法

为了解决混合离散变量机械设计问题,提出了一种面向设计、制造的设计变量离散化处理方法。引入了改进的混沌移民算子、家族竞争遗传机制以及改进的最优个体保护策略,对基本遗传算法进行了改进,并开发了混合离散变量的改进遗传算法程序LSGA01。减速器设计实例表明,该程序运行可靠,全局收敛能力强。     

参数化产品族的通用性与性能权衡评价方法

针对参数化产品族设计过程中平台通用性和派生产品性能的平衡问题,在分析产品族评价指数特征的基础上,提出基于定量指数计算的产品族方案权衡评价方法.利用产品族的设计参数、性能参数和性能目标矩阵,通过矩阵内部行向量相似度求得平台通用性指数,通过矩阵交互相似度运算求得派生产品性能指数,无需额外权重值即可对多个产品族方案进行可视化分析与评价.单相异步电动机产品族方案的评价实例,表明该指数在满足区间范围性、数据易获得性和评价结果一致性的前提下,具有可重复性和较高的分辨率,证明了评价方法的正确性和高效性.     

Product configuration optimization using a multiobjective genetic algorithm

Product configuration is one of the key technologies in the environment of mass customization. Traditional product configuration technology focuses on constraints-based or knowledge-based application, which makes it very difficult to optimize design of product configuration. In this paper, an approach based on multiobjective genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Firstly, a configuration-oriented product model is discussed. A multiobjective optimization problem of product configuration according to the model is described and its mathematical formulation is designed. Secondly, a multiobjective genetic algorithm is designed for finding near Pareto or Pareto optimal set for the problem. A matrix method used to check constraint is proposed, and the coding and decoding representation of the solution are designed, then a new genetic evaluation and select mechanism is proposed. Finally, performance comparison of the proposed genetic algorithm with three other genetic algorithms is made. The result shows that the proposed genetic algorithm outperforms the other genetic algorithms in this problem.     

基于设计结构矩阵的模块化产品族设计方法研究

为解决产品族设计中的模块化和核心平台的确定问题，本文针对产品族的产品相似性和零部件的可性等特点，从功能和结构两个层次进行界面关联并构建量化的设计结构矩阵，然后进行信息处理和部件的敏感性分析。通过部件之间关联信息量及其比例的分析，规划了产品族开发顺序，从任务聚合的角度实现部件聚合。综合考虑两种层次的界面关联分析，在实现产品族模块化的基础上确定了核心平台。最后，以咖啡机为例说明了上述方法。     

单平台下参数化产品族设计的两阶段智能优化算法

基于对参数化产品族优化设计问题特性的分析,提出了单平台下参数化产品族的两阶段优化设计方法。针对单平台产品族优化设计的特征,给出了单平台下参数化产品族优化设计的一般数学模型,在此基础上提出了平台变量值预先设定时的产品族优化模型,给出了采用拥挤距离排序的多目标约束遗传算法（CDSMOGA）对该模型进行优化求解的过程。对单平台下平台变量值已知时的通用电动机产品族优化数学模型进行了仿真运算。对比仿真结果与国内外文献中的相关结果发现,所提出的方法能够显著改善产品族的整体性能,在参数化产品族的优化设计上是有效的。     

基于公理设计和模块关联矩阵的产品族设计耦合分析

针对产品族设计耦合问题,分析比较了其与单一产品设计耦合的异同之处,提出了一种基于公理设计和模块关联矩阵的耦合分析方法。以公理设计为指导,进行功能需求分析及类型划分;分析了产品族客户需求、功能要求、设计参数和模块之间的对应关联关系,考虑适应性设计参数的影响度并将其分为两类以确定产品族的共性和差异性;从策略层面减弱产品族设计的耦合性。从操作层面的角度,根据设计参数零部件间的综合关联关系,通过聚类重构生成几个相互之间具有较小依赖度的模块,分析设计参数间的变更传播关系,建立产品族模块关联矩阵;从模块内部的耦合和模块之间的耦合两方面探讨了关联特性。最后通过电力液压盘式制动器实例阐述了产品族设计耦合分析过程。     

广义模块化设计原理及方法

针对传统模块化设计的局限性,将参数化设计和变量化分析技术引入模块化设计,提出广义模块化设计方法,从而拓展模块化设计的应用领域,使其既可适用于系列分级特性比较明显的产品及其产品族的开发,又可满足工况复杂、大载荷,需要进行结构强度、刚度设计,系列分级特性不明显的机械产品的开发设计.对广义模块化设计原理、广义产品平台、基于广义模块组合和基于广义产品平台的产品族规划方法进行系统阐述.最后以液压机广义模块化设计和产品族规划为例,详细说明广义模块化设计的基本原理和方法.     

面向产品族架构的鲁棒双层优化模型

针对产品族架构中平台参数和个性化参数之间的主从特点以及产品族与产品族中各产品之间的全局与局部的设计关系,在不确定的产品设计环境下,建立了一种具有不确定系数的面向产品族架构的一主多从双层优化设计模型,并应用鲁棒优化方法将其转化为从者无关联的确定性非线性双层规划,设计了一种混合遗传算法进行求解,使产品族架构设计具有较强的鲁棒性。最后,通过桁架产品族架构设计阐述了模型的应用。     

Product platform commonization: platform construction and platform elements capture

Platform-based product family design is an effective means for mass customization. Platform commonization is one of the key problems in developing product platforms. Through discussion on the relevant problems of platform commonization, this article presents a framework of layered constructing platform architecture to improve commonality of platforms. Subsequently, an approach to capturing platform elements, viz. Graph theory-based clustering analysis (GTBCA), is proposed, which illustrates the construction of platforms through analyzing the commonality and standardization on a set of existing similar products of a company. The method can be used to help designers plan and design product platform rationally and develop a product family effectively for mass customization. In the end, a case study of a pumping unit product family is presented to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the approach.     

基于对象的分布式产品设计系统构建

提出了一个分布式产品设计的过程算法 ,在此基础上 ,通过对象技术 ,将异地分布的产品对象、需求和约束、评价方案融合起来 ,实现了分布式产品设计的过程协同 ,为实际系统的构建提供了基本思路和模型框架。     

卫星天线臂结构优化设计的分级遗传算法

为满足刚度大、强度高、质量小的设计要求,本文针对卫星天线臂的结构优化设计提出了分级遗传算法。首先,依据设计与制造要求,将天线臂结构优化设计分解为拓扑构型与杆件尺寸两级优化问题。然后,将单元材料相对密度作为基因,整体结构的相对密度作为染色体,将刚度与质量转化为适应度函数,形成拓扑构型的遗传算法。其次,在保持拓扑构型不变的条件下,将组成拓扑构型的各杆件的剖面面积作为设计变量,杆件结构的质量作为目标函数,形成杆件尺寸优化模型,通过引入遗传算子,形成第二级遗传算法。最后,给出了某卫星天线臂结构优化设计实例,证实了本文分级遗传算法的有效性。     

ADAPTABLE DESIGN IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

A newly emerging design pattern, named as adaptable design (AD), which aims at developing products that are adaptable from design to post-life cycle, is discussed. AD consists of four main phases: product modeling, design platform, specific design and product redesign. A new process-based design data model (PDDM) is presented which is organized according to the principles of convenient knowledge extraction, data representation, layout, sharing and reuse. Based on the PDDM, a universal design platform for product family development is established, which has characters of modularity, parameter-driven, variant design, etc. The framework of the platform is also proposed as a conceptual structure and overall logical organization for generating a family of products. AD methodology is successfully applied to develop a family of tunnel boring machine (TBM) for different engineering projects, with the efficiency of our developing team being greatly increased.