无线Mesh网中编码感知组播路由协议CAMR

网络编码是一种能够提高网络吞吐量的新技术,将网络编码应用于无线Mesh网组播对Mesh网络进一步实用化有重要意义.编码感知路由是一种能够充分识别和利用网络中的编码机会的路由.虽然已有若干个基于网络编码的单播路由协议,但无线网络中编码机会并没有被充分利用,到目前为止还没有无线Mesh网络中的编码感知组播路由协议.提出一个编码感知组播路由协议CAMR(coding-aware multicast routing).CAMR协议利用了一个新奇的编码感知路由度量CAM(coding-awarerouting metric),可以度量无线Mesh网络中节点的实际编码机会和编码能力的大小.基于CAM设计的CAMR协议可以充分利用无线Mesh网络中节点的编码机会,提高了无线Mesh网络组播的吞吐量.模拟实验验证了CAMR协议的优势及其有效性.     

无线Mesh网中网络编码感知的低时延路由

网络编码技术可以显著提高无线Mesh网的传输性能.为此,提出一个在组播通信中基于网络编码的无线Mesh网低时延传输路由.文中引入了关键节点和超关键节点的概念和相应的选取算法.该协议以下一跳的节点是否是超关键节点或关键节点作为路由判据,下一跳的路由节点优先选择超关键节点,其次选关键节点,最后才选普通节点,这样可以增加网络编码机会,实现低时延路由.通过举例、性能分析和仿真实验表明,该协议能更好地支持网络编码,在提高组播吞吐量的前提下,显著减少了传输时延.     

随机网络编码数据传输的仿真实现

基于随机网络编码方法,构造了在实验室内实现单源组播网络数据传输的仿真模型:用局域网内的网络终端代表单源组播网络的节点,以IP地址和端口号代表有向信道,采用UDP网络通信实现数据传输,从而对单源组播网络进行了仿真。运用Java编程实现了有限域的算术运算,根据随机网络编码的编码规则,分别编写了单源组播网络的源节点、中间节点和宿点的工作程序,形成了一个完整的软件系统,该仿真模型可以适合于任意单源组播网络。     

EMSM:一种有效的无线Mesh网络流媒体组播策略

采用网络编码的方法能够提高无线Mesh网络流媒体组播的吞吐量,但也引发了不公平性和延迟增加的问题.针对这两个问题,提出一种有效的无线Mesh网络流媒体组播策略EMSM.EMSM基于用户积分值来控制信道质量好与差的用户之间的公平性,采用网络编码感知获得节点解码的能力,有效地选择信宿集,降低对信道质量好的用户带来的不公平性.在每个Mesh路由器节点采用双队列机制和有效的原始编码选取策略降低系统延迟.仿真实验结果表明我们提出的EMSM策略不仅降低了系统的延迟,而且质量好与差的信道之间的不公平性得到了很好的解决.     

IPTV频道切换中一种基于优先路径能力的组播树算法

为了减少IPTV频道切换延时,提出了一种基于优先路径能力评估的组播树维护算法。首先根据候选父节点到源节点的距离确定优先路径集合,然后应用节点能力评佑方案对候选路径进行能力评估,根据路径能力的等级确定最优父节点,完成组播树管理。仿真结果表明该算法有效地提高了组播效率,可以减少IPTV频道切换时间。     

基于网络编码的确定性逐层构造算法

为了解决适用于多源组播通信的网络编码构造算法存在收敛时间较长的问题,提出一种基于网络编码的确定线性逐层构造算法。在已有研究基础上,利用虚拟信源点进行虚拟试播：首先,根据决策树算法逐层确定获得非满秩局部编码矩阵的节点;然后,重构与该节点对应的上层变换节点的局部编码系数,生成新的编码向量;最后,重传这些编码向量至对应节点,使该节点的局部编码矩阵满秩,从而得到可行的编码方案。在试播过程中允许对出现数据冗余的链路进行修剪枝,以提高带宽利用率。与基于信宿反馈的确定网络编码（SNFDNC）算法相比,该算法只需进行一次虚拟试播。仿真测试结果表明该算法在中等规模网络中收敛时间更短,能进一步提高多源组播通信的平均传输速率。     

基于分级网络编码的一种数据传输方法

为了降低中间节点在编码计算时需要的有限域的阶,提出了分级网络编码数据传输方法。针对主干网-子网结构的单源组播网络,在连接子网的节点处进行解码,并以该节点为源点,把解码得出的信息采用网络编码数据传输方式组播至子网。理论分析与仿真测试结果表明：与单级网络编码方法相比,该方法可以降低有限域的阶,进而减少网络编码的运算延迟,并能充分地利用网络的带宽。     

基于最大流的网络编码组播路由算法

网络编码是一种能显著提升组播传输性能的通信机制.在组播网络中部署和实施网络编码,必须建立传输路由和确定编码模式.对于后者,许多学者提出了有效的解决方法,而对于路由问题的研究则相对较少.由于网络编码自身固有的特点,基于网络编码的组播传输与传统的IP组播在建立传输路由的方式上有所不同.鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于最大流的网络编码组播路由算法,该算法与有的编码模式一起,能够构成完整的网络编码组播传输方案.仿真实验表明,与传统的IP组播相比,基于该算法的网络编码组播能够提升组播传输的性能.     

P2P组播网络容量分析

最近几年来,P2P技术在研究领域受到广泛关注,很多系统开始采用P2P架构进行组网,向用户提供各种服务,如下载服务和组播服务.人们普遍认为P2P系统中节点越多,P2P对等技术的优势也越明显,系统的容量几乎没有限制.但对P2P组播网络,这一结论必须满足一定条件才能成立,本文从基本的流量关系出发,推出P2P组播网络理论上能够容纳的最大节点数量和节点流复制能力的关系,并以构造方式证明了对任何数量的节点,只要总的复制能力超过节点数量,理论上存在一种组播组织方式,实现稳定组播,为P2P组播网络的优化提供了理论指导.     

一种新的基于多描述编码的应用层组播系统

为了克服基于应用层组播的流媒体系统中的不足,提出了一种新的基于多描述编码的组播方案.该方案以节点中缓存数据包的时序来划分系统的分层拓扑,较好地解决了不同描述间的同步,并降低了系统延迟.并通过分布式算法实现描述资源在各层中的均匀分布,加快了组播系统的收敛,实现了节点接受视频质量的无缝切换,从而在节点出度约束条件下较好地平衡了节点的负载,并提高了节点的贡献率.仿真实验表明,该组播方案提高了节点的接受视频质量,并具有良好的可扩展性和健壮性.     

利用组播及QoS技术对IPTV网络进行优化

主要阐述了有关IPTV网络业务、组播协议、Qos协议和OPNET网络仿真软件的有关基础知识,同时阐述了在业务承载网中的IPTV网络的发展现状,研究IPTV可能出现的网络传输拥塞时的缺点,提出基于组播和QoS技术的IPTV承载网络组网方案。重点阐述了OPNET的模型层次与构建方式,并提出了OPNET网络模拟仿真的具体步骤,通过OPNET软件进行模拟仿真实验,仿真中,按照数据业务、IP语音业务、IPTV服务等三个类型,分别对网络发射数量、终端接收数据流量、网络时延值和网络抖动数值等进行测试仿真,同时对所收集的网络状态信息进行数据分析。通过仿真实验,可以发现在IPTV网络中使用Qos及组播,有效减轻业务网的流量负荷,减少传输时延,提高网络系统稳定性,从而保证了相关服务的顺利进行。     

IPTV网络组播技术

随着通信网络向宽带、融合IP化发展,带动IPTV应用迅猛发展。基于现有网络融合的IPTV组播技术,分析固网在应用层、宽带接入服务器（BRAS）和数字用户线路接入复用器（DSLAM）组播方式和移动组播技术实现IPTV组播差异。指出IPv6组播技术成为Internet组通信的一种高效解决方案,是下一代网络应用的重要支撑技术,为实现IPTV提供了更广的应用前景。     

Reducing Channel-Change Times with the Real-Time Transport Protocol

In a multicast IPTV distribution network, each channel is offered in a different multicast session, and the IP set-top box joins the respective session when the viewer tunes to a new channel. Due to delays associated with network components and encoding schemes, the time difference between the channel-change request and when the new channel shows up on the screen can be annoyingly large. This article examines the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) in IPTV networks and describes how RTP and its control protocol can help reduce channel-change times.     

IPTV组播源控制的设计与实现

IPTV通常采用PIM-SM协议实现组播数据的传输,而该协议缺乏对组播源的控制,导致IPTV业务无法正常进行,针对以上问题,提出一种在边缘路由器上的IPTV组播源控制机制,并通过仿真实验验证其对IPTV组播源的控制功能。     

基于公平服务多维加权轮询调度的IPTV组播流量控制策略

根据大规模接入汇聚路由器（ACR)的总体技术规范,IPTV组播复制在ACR的以太网分合路器（EMD)中进行,而IPTV组播业务的增长会对其他业务造成冲击,因此需要对IPTV组播流量进行控制,以保证其他业务的带宽分配,针对IPTV流量控制中的关键环节──队列调度,提出了一种公平服务多维轮询调度策略(FSMWRR),性能仿真的结果表明该调度策略能够满足IPTV业务的低时延、时延抖动的需求,同时保证各个业务带宽分配的公平性。     

OpenIPTV: a comprehensive SDN-based IPTV service framework

IPTV is an emerging TV content delivery service that should guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) to deliver television contents over IP for their customers. However, providing such QoS regarding service level agreements (SLA) requires frequent service monitoring and adaptive configuration mechanisms. Nowadays, Software Defined Networks (SDNs) provide capabilities to deploy and manage networks dynamically and can maintain QoS. In this paper, a novel IPTV service framework (OpenIPTV) is proposed, which utilizes SDN as an underlying technology for providing QoS for IPTV customers in a shared backbone network. OpenIPTV is implemented in a well-known OpenDayLight controller and strictly followed a modular design for the sake of efficiency. OpenIPTV comprises all service requirements such as resource monitoring, channel changing, multicast group managing and dynamic QoS multicast traffic engineering. The performance of OpenIPTV is evaluated under different scenarios and experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed framework in terms of QoS metrics. Furthermore, experimental results show that OpenIPTV is a feasible and practical solution to deliver IPTV services with high level of QoS over SDN.     

IPTV architecture for an IMS environment with dynamic QoS adaptation

This paper describes the development, implementation and evaluation of a SIP based IPTV architecture with a new dynamic QoS adaptation method and signaling structure. The implemented QoS adaptation method allows dynamic updates of session parameters, maximizing the QoE and turning the solution suitable for live multimedia streaming, independently of the cast mode (unicast or multicast). The new SIP signaling structure, for session and media control, was developed following an All-SIP approach and a hybrid SIP+RTSP approach, both suited for an IMS environment, in order to compare the system behavior and performance using either approach. The details of both the IPTV Application Server and the IPTV Client prototypical implementations are described, as well as the results of field tests carried out across different Fixed and Mobile access networks for each of the signaling structures. The proposed IPTV architecture revealed to be suitable for scalable converged networks, due to its flexible multimedia delivery of personalized streams over a variety of network infrastructures, namely, Mobile radio networks.     

On performance of group key distribution techniques when applied to IPTV services

IPTV services consist of multiple video channels grouped in bundles, such as sports, movies or generic bundles; users typically subscribe multiple bundles, including the generic bundle. Secure IP multicast can be used to implement IPTV services, but it still has problems to be addressed. Current solutions require high computational power in video channel zapping situations, lack support for groups sourced at the users, and present a weak support for admission control in IP multicast for both sources and receivers in dynamically configured environments.This work proposes a new, secure and efficient IPTV solution that, cumulatively: (a) enforces individual access control to groups of real-time IPTV video channels; (b) enforces IP multicast admission control for both multicast senders and receivers; (c) supports user generated videos; (d) generates low signaling overheads; (e) does not introduce perceivable delays, particularly in video channel zapping situations. Moreover, this solution can be easily integrated in the IPTV architectures being developed by ETSI and ITU-T.     

无线局域网视频流组播优化机制

针对网络电视业务的802.11无线局域网数据传输问题,提出一种视频流组播优化机制,基于视频帧区分的方法,对关键帧I帧采用可靠组播机制传输,对非关键的B帧和P帧采用组播机制传输。仿真结果表明,该机制可以在丢帧率和数据延迟之间取得较好的折中,尤其是在无线网络带宽不足的情况下,能够有效提高数据传输后视频的观看质量。     

DVB-IPTV content download services—overview and use cases

IPTV services have been widely deployed by network operators around the world over the last years. However, real-time streaming of Linear TV and Video-on-Demand (VoD) offerings, especially in High Definition quality, still puts a high burden on the network and content servers concerning bandwidth, Quality-of-Service, processing performance and scalability if 100.000s of users have to be supported simultaneously. While multicast delivery can cope with some of these problems for Linear TV services, the unicast VoD services cannot take advantage of that and especially the request for on-demand content is expected to substantially grow in the future. With the introduction of Content Download Services (CDSs), operators have the option to provide IPTV services in innovative ways: They can provide high-quality video services to users with limited access bandwidth, offload the streaming request for blockbuster movies at peak times from the VoD servers or provided personalized advertisements for insertion into a live program event in advance to the users end device. The Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) Project has recently finalized its CDS specification within its IPTV specification efforts. DVB CDS supports push and pull delivery models with unicast, multicast and peer-to-peer distribution in order to enable various business models and use cases. In this work we introduce the specified technology and map it to example use cases and business models.