GSM-R场强监测系统中地图匹配算法研究

通过对影响车载导航系统定位精度的各种GPS数据误差的分析,提出了在GSM-R(Global System for Mobile Communica-tions Railway,铁路专用移动通信系统)场强监测系统中采用基于匹配相似度的地图匹配算法,该算法以GPS定位数据、精确的电子地图及相关路段的历史数据为基础,通过匹配过程确定车辆在电子地图上的最大可能位置,从而弥补了传统匹配算法计算量大以及匹配不准确的不足;最后,在模拟平台上进行了一系列测试,测试结果表明,该算法中的车辆定位和地图匹配精度明显提高,约达到95%。     

基于车载GPS导航的非线性动态滤波算法

为了提高车载导航定位精度,根据全球定位系统（GPS）的特点,在分析线性滤波算法缺陷的基础上,建立了车载导航动态定位模型,并在通过准确获取后验概率密度函数的均值和方差经过非线性变换修正导航定位位置,给出了一种非线性动态滤波算法。仿真实验表明,与卡尔曼滤波相比,该方法能克服了滤波发散导致结果失真的问题,提高滤波的精度,解决线性滤波算法发散的缺陷。     

An adaptive constrained type-2 fuzzy Hammerstein neural network data fusion scheme for low-cost SINS/GNSS navigation system

In low-cost micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS)-grade strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS), failure to compensate inertial sensors errors as well as un-modeled uncertainties in SINS could result in exponentially divergence in overall performance of low-cost SINSs. This study deals with the enhancement of low-cost SINS accuracy in combination of global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In this respect, a novel adaptive constrained integrated scheme for SINS/GNSS is developed based on type-2 fuzzy Hammerstein neural network (T2FHNN). To this aim, a gray-box Hammerstein neural network model are defined based on clear interpretation with the physical nature of the inertial sensors error. In addition a knowledge-based type-2 fuzzy programming extracted from inertial sensors data is also used for managing the learning rate of Hammerstein neural networks. Some vehicular real-world tests have been carried out in order to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed integration scheme in the long-term performance and accuracy of the proposed navigation algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed integration algorithm improved the navigation accuracy, reliability and stability in the presence of state constraints of the stand-alone SINS during signal blockage of GNSS.     

一种针对全海深载人潜水器的异步融合组合导航算法

全海深载人潜水器(HOV)组合导航中会产生异步融合现象,传统的组合导航算法在处理时会产生较大的误差.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于机器学习和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的异步融合组合导航算法.首先建立了针对超短基线(USBL)声学定位系统预测的机器学习模型,通过USBL声学定位系统的观测数据集来训练该模型,并用得到的模型来预测更新间隔内的数据.最后使用UKF将已更新的数据集进行融合.仿真结果表明,相比传统的组合导航算法,本文的异步融合组合导航算法可以将USBL声学定位系统数据异步问题所引起的误差降低17%,有效提高了组合导航系统的精度.     

自适应联邦卡尔曼滤波在机器人组合导航系统中的应用研究

利用里程计(OD)与全球定位系统(GPS)辅助捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)构成一种高可靠性的组合导航系统.推导并建立了局部滤波器的数学模型,并针对联邦滤波器在载体发生异常扰动时滤波精度较低的问题,设计了基于SINS/GPS/OD组合导航系统的自适应联邦滤波器,有效补偿了系统异常扰动或动力学模型误差.仿真模拟了机器人的全航线运行轨迹进行验证,仿真结果表明,SINS/GPS/OD组合导航系统的自适应联邦卡尔曼滤波算法与相同组合导航系统的非自适应联邦卡尔曼滤波算法相比,在保障机器人导航定位可靠性及容错能力的前提下,能有效抑制异常扰动的影响,导航精度得到进一步改善.     

基于IIR的数据同步方法在组合对准中的应用

为了解决捷联惯性导航系统（Strapdown Inertial Navigation System,SINS）与全球定位系统（Global Positioning System,GPS）的组合对准过程中两者提供数据不同步问题,提出一种利用数字滤波器实现运载体高精度组合对准新方法。根据SINS解算速度的误差特性和GPS离散输出的速度信息,利用IIR高通滤波器滤除SINS与GPS提供的速度差值中存在的舒勒周期、傅科和地球周期,并将滤波后的速度与GPS提供的速度进行再次叠加得到载体准确速度。将载体准确速度与捷联惯导系统解算速度作差后视为系统观测量,采用卡尔曼滤波技术实现系统的组合对准。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Optimizing neuro-fuzzy modules for data fusion of vehicular navigation systems using temporal cross-validation

The last two decades have shown an increasing trend in the use of positioning and navigation technologies in land vehicles. Most of the present navigation systems incorporate global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS), which are integrated using Kalman filtering (KF) to provide reliable positioning information. Due to several inadequacies related to KF-based INS/GPS integration, artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been recently suggested to replace KF. Various neural network and neuro-fuzzy methods for INS/GPS integration were introduced. However, these methods provided relatively poor positioning accuracy during long GPS outages. Moreover, the internal system parameters had to be tuned over time of the navigation mission to reach the desired positioning accuracy. In order to overcome these limitations, this study optimizes the AI-based INS/GPS integration schemes utilizing adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) by implementing, a temporal window-based cross-validation approach during the update procedure. The ANFIS-based system considers a non-overlap moving window instead of the commonly used sliding window approach. The proposed system is tested using differential GPS and navigational grade INS field test data obtained from a land vehicle experiment. The results showed that the proposed system is a reliable modeless system and platform independent module that requires no priori knowledge of the navigation equipment utilized. In addition, significant accuracy improvement was achieved during long GPS outages.     

一种改进的联合滤波方法在车载SINS/GPS中的应用

提出了一种改进的联合滤波方法,即通过滤波器的方差值和故障检测函数,调节局部滤波器的信息分配,来改善总的滤波效果;通过设计牟载SINS／GPS组合导航系统最优综合的联合卡尔曼滤波器,给出其滤波算法,对其进行理论分析及计算机仿真,结果表明,应用该改进的联合滤波方法可大大提高车载SINS／GPS组合导航系统的定位精度及容错能力。     

矢量道路拓扑追踪匹配算法

目的 基于道路形状特征的匹配算法在匹配性能上比较稳定,但当遇到道路交叉口等复杂路况时容易出现误匹配,且实时性上有一定缺陷,而矢量道路良好的拓扑结构,为此提出一种利用矢量道路拓扑关系进行追踪匹配的算法。方法 算法利用结点、路段和路口这3种对象来对矢量道路进行表达,建立各个对象之间的拓扑关系,并将匹配过程划分为4个不同的状态,根据各个状态实施相应的匹配方法。首先,进行初始化、追踪、路口和搜索4个状态的定义和划分,确定各个状态之间的转换关系;进一步,设计道路中的结点、路段和路口3种对象的数据结构,建立点、线之间的空间拓扑关系;其次,根据4个状态的具体任务和实际特点,对进入该状态的行驶轨迹进行相应地分析处理和匹配计算;最后,根据追踪的结果进行匹配分析,完成对车辆行驶轨迹的误差修正。结果 采用GPS-RTK采集的北京市西五环及密云地区的矢量道路数据对实地跑车的惯性导航轨迹进行拓扑追踪匹配仿真实验,完成拓扑追踪匹配算法的路口距离阈值选取,并与传统基于道路形状特征的匹配算法在匹配效果和实时性进行性能对比测试,其性能指标为匹配准确率和匹配时间。当矢量道路拓扑追踪算法的路口距离阈值取20 m时,匹配准确率达到了最高值93.5%。在匹配性能对比上,拓扑追踪算法相较于其他两种算法也有一定优势,在相同道路段中匹配准确率达到了90.2%,匹配速度也提高了48倍。结论 采用矢量道路数据的拓扑信息对车辆轨迹进行追踪匹配的方法,能够用于卫星信号“盲区”或者信号干扰等特殊环境和场合的组合系统辅助导航,弥补传统基于卫星的组合导航在自主性、抗干扰性的不足。同时,算法针对复杂路况的匹配结果也较为理想,能够满足组合导航匹配工作的要求。     

基于CPS架构的旋翼无人机组合定位建模研究

针对在特殊地区连续导航和组合导航冗余技术的问题,提出基于信息物理融合系统架构的BDS/GPS/SINS组合导航的旋翼无人机定位方案。以六旋翼为运载体,采用超紧组合导航结构和联邦式滤波结构建立模型,通过Simulink虚拟定位仿真,得到较为精确的位置信息。进一步搭建旋翼无人机物理融合定位系统实验平台,该平台的BDS/GPS接收机接收由NSS8000多星群模拟器提供的虚拟卫星导航电文信号,方便用户对CPS虚拟和现实环境的人机交互界面进行操作。通过定位信息融合进行基于BDS/GPS/SINS超紧组合导航的室内飞行实验,失星下定位精度都能达到2.0?m±0.5?m。仿真和实验结果表明,该定位系统具有信息物理融合的鲁棒性和安全可靠性。     

车载惯导里程仪组合导航系统安装误差标定研究

研究了捷联惯导、GPS、里程仪和气压高度计构成的组合导航系统中惯导安装误差角对里程仪航位推算精度的影响;提出了以GPS输出作为辅助信息对惯导安装误差进行标定的方法;设计了以里程仪航位推算误差传播方程为系统方程,以里程仪航位推算结果和GSP位置输出之差为量测,通过卡尔曼滤波估计惯导安装误差的标定方法;仿真结果表明,该方法对惯导安装误差的标定精度能达到角秒级。在调试过程中采用该方法标定补偿后的系统实际跑车实验航位推算精度达到5m+行程的0.15%,表明补偿后残余的惯导安装误差影响已经可以忽略。     

基于INS/GPS/COMPASS的AUV组合式导航定位算法

导航定位问题是自主式水下机器人研究(AUV)的主要内容之一,本文针对一种开架式AUV设计了一种采用间接反馈校正的捷联惯性导航与GPS、罗盘相组合的导航方案,其中采用卡尔曼滤波器接收两套导航子系统对同一导航参数输出值的差值,经过滤波计算估计出各误差量。仿真实验的结果表明,SINS/GPS/COMPASS组合导航对SINS误差随时间不断加大的现象起到了很好的抑制作用,能够满足AUV定位精度的要求。     

一种模糊QR滤波及在组合导航中的仿真研究

总结了常用的自适应滤波的方法，并提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的自适应卡尔曼滤波技术，用模糊逻辑自适应推理器来“在线”修正卡尔曼滤波系统噪声协方差Q和测量噪声协方差R，从而使滤波器不断执行最优估计。仿真结果表明该方法可以提高GPS／INS组合导航系统的精度和可靠性。     

路网辅助的车载INS/GPS组合导航方法

针对车载INS/GPS组合导航系统在GPS无效时精度迅速下降的问题,提出了将车辆行驶的路网约束作为虚拟传感器,采用多传感器数据融合的方式,与INS和GPS组成INS/GPS/路网组合导航系统.当GPS失效时,使用路网辅助INS.仿真结果表明,在GPS无效时间段,该方法能有效减小系统定位误差.     

Selective ensemble extreme learning machine modeling of effluent quality in wastewater treatment plants

Real-time and reliable measurements of the effluent quality are essential to improve operating efficiency and reduce energy consumption for the wastewater treatment process.Due to the low accuracy and unstable performance of the traditional effluent quality measurements,we propose a selective ensemble extreme learning machine modeling method to enhance the effluent quality predictions.Extreme learning machine algorithm is inserted into a selective ensemble frame as the component model since it runs much faster and provides better generalization performance than other popular learning algorithms.Ensemble extreme learning machine models overcome variations in different trials of simulations for single model.Selective ensemble based on genetic algorithm is used to further exclude some bad components from all the available ensembles in order to reduce the computation complexity and improve the generalization performance.The proposed method is verified with the data from an industrial wastewater treatment plant,located in Shenyang,China.Experimental results show that the proposed method has relatively stronger generalization and higher accuracy than partial least square,neural network partial least square,single extreme learning machine and ensemble extreme learning machine model.     

基于GPS/地图匹配的车辆跟踪算法研究

采用地图辅助位置择近和速度择角的算法来修正车辆定位数据.结果表明,利用地图匹配估计对GPS定位数据进行修正后,使系统具有高精度定位的同时,也具备了一定的导航功能.     

The integration of strap-down INS and GPS based on adaptive error damping

The concept and results of integration of a strap-down inertial navigation system (INS) based on low-accuracy inertial sensors and the global positioning system (GPS) have been presented in this paper. This system is aimed for the purposes of navigation, automatic control, and remote tracking of land vehicles. The integration is made by the implementation of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) scheme for both the initial alignment and navigation phases. Traditional integration schemes (centralized and cascaded) are dominantly based on the usage of high-accuracy inertial sensors. The idea behind the suggested algorithm is to use low-accuracy inertial sensors and the GPS as the main source of navigation information, while the acceptable accuracy of INS is achieved by the proper damping of INS errors. The main advantage of integration consists in the availability of reliable navigation parameters during the intervals of absence of GPS data. The influence of INS error damping coefficients is different depending on the fact whether the moving object is maneuvering or is moving with a constant velocity at that time. It is proposed that INS error damping gain coefficients generally should take higher values always when GPS data are absent, while at the same time their values in the error model (EKF prediction phase) can be additionally adapted according to the actual values of vehicle acceleration. The analysis of integrated navigation system performances is made experimentally. The data are acquired along the real land vehicle’s trajectory while the intervals of absence of GPS data are introduced artificially on the parts characterized both by maneuver and by constant velocity.     

一种应用磁强计提高导航系统航向精度的方法

针对静止与匀速运动状态下低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统航向角可观性差的问题,采用磁强计与低成本SINS/GPS构成新的组合导航系统,以提高系统的航向精度.给出了完整的组合导航系统卡尔曼滤波模型,利用Simulink进行了仿真实验.仿真结果表明:在静止与匀速运动状态下,SINS/GPS组合导航系统航向角误差发散,而SINS/GPS/磁强计组合导航系统的航向角有效收敛.利用某型系统进行了静态实验,实验表明:在传感器精度较差的条件下,SINS/GPS/磁强计组合系统航向角仍可以有效收敛,收敛后姿态角误差标准差小于0.2.静态实验验证了该方法在实际应用中的有效性.     

高超声速飞行器惯导系统误差参数两次优化辨识方法

为满足高超声速飞行器高精度和高可靠性的导航要求,提出一种在发射惯性系下利用智能优化算法实现捷联惯性系统误差参数两次优化辨识的方法.建立惯性测量单元(IMU)误差补偿模型和完整的非线性捷联惯性系统导航模型,为数值优化计算提供准确的模型基础.基于SINS/GPS/CNS组合导航系统信息,建立陀螺仪误差优化模型和加速度计误差优化模型,采用两次优化策略分步估计捷联惯性系统误差参数:首先利用粒子群算法对陀螺仪误差参数进行优化辨识和补偿;然后利用粒子群算法对加速度计误差参数进行优化辨识.仿真结果表明,基于组合导航系统信息和非线性优化模型,两次优化辨识方法能够在线辨识出高精度的捷联惯性系统误差参数,陀螺仪和加速度计优化参数值的相对误差均在20%以内,从而有效提高了高超声速飞行器导航精度.     

基于SLAM的旋翼无人机组合导航算法研究

在旋翼无人机组合导航中,针对缺乏GPS作为导航信号源的室内飞行环境,为了达到精确定位的目的,提出一种基于SLAM（simultaneous localization and mapping）的旋翼无人机组合导航算法。首先,引入双线性插值算法,实现基于扫描匹配的即时定位与地图构建;其次,对陀螺仪、加速度计和磁罗盘建立捷联惯导系统误差模型,针对旋翼无人机的使用环境对误差模型进行简化;最后,应用联邦卡尔曼滤波算法,设计组合导航系统模型,将SLAM算法和捷联惯导系统估计出的位置数据进行融合。仿真结果表明所设计基于SLAM的旋翼无人机组合导航算法能够进一步提高组合导航系统对旋翼无人机位姿估计的精度。