一种二维工程图向三维模型的尺寸映射算法

针对当前制造型企业内部存在二维工程图和三维CAD模型之间的数据共享问题,提出一种基于图匹配的二维工程图向三维CAD模型的尺寸映射算法,将二维工程图中的尺寸信息直接映射到对应的三维CAD模型上。首先将三维模型进行投影得到投影视图,然后将投影视图和二维工程图转化为一种空间关系图,对两个空间关系图进行图匹配,找出图元间的映射关系,并且利用工程图中尺寸标注的特点对算法进行改进,提高算法效率和可靠性。实验结果表明,该算法可以很好的实现二维工程图向三维CAD模型的尺寸映射。     

A matching algorithm between precursory 3D process model and 2D working procedure drawing based on subgraph isomorphism

To meet the urgent requirement of enterprises for three-dimensional (3D) process models, an approach based on subgraph isomorphism is proposed to solve the matching problem between precursory 3D process model and 2D working procedure drawings. First, the projection drawings of the precursory 3D process model are obtained, then the primitives are extracted and the attributed adjacency graph (AAG) is constructed. Finally, by taking the 2D working procedure drawing as the AAG, and the projection drawing as the...     

面向三维模型检索的工程图映射算法研究

针对目前基于内容的三维模型检索技术研究中,未将面向制造工艺的工程图尺寸数据融入三维模型检索,提出一种方法分别对三维模型进行投影变化和对工程图进行三视图分离,提取相应数据,然后对提取的数据利用已有的图形匹配方法进行匹配计算,将工程图中的标注尺寸映射到三维模型相应部位。最后给出一个例子证明该方法是可行的。     

3D CAD model matching from 2D local invariant features

The matching of particular types of CAD models to existing physical models can provide invaluable support to the process of CAD design and reuse. To meet the demand for fast and robust algorithms to detect predefined models in database, an local invariant model matching approach is proposed in this paper. It first maps the 3D CAD model to 2D principal image plane by its first two principal components, and then finds affine invariant key points in the 2D image. The CAD model matching problem is implemented as key points matching. Experimental results show the proposed 3D model retrieval method performs fairly well in retrieving similar models from a database of 3D CAD models.     

Automatic form feature recognition and 3D part reconstruction from 2D CAD data

In this paper, a method which can recognize form features and reconstruct 3D part from 2D CAD data automatically is proposed. First, we use the divide-and-conquer strategy to extract the vertex-edge data from each 2D engineering drawing of IGES format. Then, a set of production rules are developed to facilitate the form feature matching process. A new structure of form feature adjacency graph (FFAG) is devised to record the related attibutes of each form feature. Finally, to avoid the combinatorial subparts composition problem, a sweeping operation and volumetric intersection approach is used to rapidly reconstruct the remaining 3D objects. The last reconstructed 3E object is used as the base of the FFAG. All the recognized form features in the FFAG can be classified as depression or protrusion features on the 3D part base. The FFAG structure can be easily transformed into CSG/DSG structure, which is readily integrated with the downstream CAPP/CAM systems. A detailed example is provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system.     

结合三维几何形状信息和二维纹理的3D目标匹配

为了实现场景中三维目标与模型之间的匹配,提出了一种结合三维几何形状信息和二维纹理的三维目标匹配方法。首先提取场景中深度图像的尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征,用SIFT算法与三维模型重建时所用到的一系列2.5维深度图像进行一一匹配,找到与场景中目标姿态最为相似的深度图像,提取此深度图像的三维几何形状特征与模型进行匹配,实现模型的初始化,即将模型重置到与场景目标相接近的姿态。最后用融合二维纹理信息的迭代就近点（ICP）算法实现场景中目标与模型之间的匹配,从而得到场景中三维目标的准确姿态。实验结果验证了方法的可行性与精确性。     

基于资源特征融合的复杂型面配合决策方法

针对复杂产品虚拟装配过程中零部件间匹配关系描述不清晰、反映装配约束的特征属性考虑不足、装配序列规划中零件配对精度不高等问题,提出基于资源特征融合的复杂型面配合决策方法.在分析典型复杂型面结构体的装配工艺关联、匹配型面特征,以及装配设计意图的基础上,构建包括工程语义(engineering semantic,ES)、单元...     

面向三维重建的加工基准匹配技术研究

基于加工基准的匹配是制造毛坯动态演变序列三维模型重建过程中的关键点,在前驱三维工序模型投影视图与当前工序图已关联的前提下,通过分析加工基准的类型和特点,结合二维工序图表达形式,提出加工基准的获取方式及基准三元图形这一概念,同时结合这个概念介绍了加工基准匹配算法.最后通过实例验证该算法的可行性和有效性.     

一种2D+3D人耳融合识别方法研究

提出一种2D和3D模式相融合的人耳识别方法.利用基于Adaboost算法的人耳检测器在2D图像上进行人耳检测,在对应的深度图像中定位出人耳区域.对于2D人耳图像,利用核Fisher鉴别分析法进行特征提取,再利用最近邻分类器进行识别;对于3D人耳深度图,利用3D局部二值模式进行特征提取,结合几何约束和位置约束在测试耳和注册原型耳上进行特征点匹配,并利用匹配点数进行识别.最后将两者进行决策层融合.在UND人耳图像库上的实验结果表明,与单独2D或3D人耳识别相比,文中提出的2D+3D人耳融合识别方法在光照变化情况下能取得更好的识别性能.     

三维CAD环境下的产品数据管理方法

分析三维CAD中基本数据类型,并抽取面向管理的结构化信息;定义了数据问的关系类型及数据生命周期状态;给出数据约束和关联定义．结合CAD数据的生命周期管理,提出关联数据在进行出库、入库、发布等方面的操作时,相关数据进行自动更新的规则．针对CAXA实体设计系统给出管理数据模型,并在SMARTEAM平台上实现．     

Skeleton-enhanced line drawings for 3D models

We present a novel line drawing approach for 3D models by introducing their skeleton information into the rendering process. Based on the silhouettes of the input 3D models, we first extract feature lines in geometric regions by utilizing their curvature, torsion and view-dependent information. Then, the skeletons of the models are extracted by our newly developed skeleton extraction algorithm. After that, we draw the skeleton-guided lines from non-geometric regions through the skeleton information. These lines are combined with the feature lines to render the final line drawing result using the line optimization. Experimental results show that our algorithm can render line drawings more effectively with enhanced skeletons. The resulting artistic effects can capture the local geometries as well as the global skeletons of the input 3D models.     

基于哈希的二维工程 CAD 图纸检索技术

针对企业在设计创新过程中大量采用已有计算机辅助设计(CAD)图纸进行设计重 用的情况,提出了一种基于哈希的二维工程 CAD 图纸检索方法。首先基于环形分割算法提取 工程 CAD 图纸中每个组件对象几何特征;基于传统 LBP 算子提出了一种局部拓扑矢量量化模 式(T-LVQP),实现对各个组件拓扑特征的提取;然后基于协方差描述符融合几何特征和拓扑特 征,通过 LBG 算法将所有组件按照几何特征分组后得到工程 CAD 图纸的特征向量表达;最后 通过迭代量化哈希算法生成图纸的哈希序列。实验结果表明,该算法检索速度快、准确度高, 对于二维工程 CAD 图纸具有较好的检索效果。     

3D CAD model retrieval based on the softassign quadratic assignment algorithm

A retrieval method for 3D CAD models based on the softassign quadratic assignment algorithm is presented in this paper. Firstly, retrieval models and target models are expressed as face adjacency graphs (FAGs) and thus 3D CAD model retrieval is turned to a graph matching problem. Secondly, vertex and edge compatibility matrices between the FAGs of a retrieval model and a target model are calculated. Then, an optimization objective function is created from compatibility matrices of a retrieval model and a target model, which serves as the similar metric for choosing vertex mapping matrix M of two models. Finally, the softassign quadratic assignment algorithm is introduced to find the optimal vertex mapping matrix M. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method supports 3D CAD model retrieval, and it is promising to meet the requirement of engineering applications.     

一种基于拓扑连接图的三维模型检索方法

提出了一种基于分割技术的拓扑连接图构造方法。并用于三维模型检索．首先构造多层邻域计算用于度量每个三角片平坦度的信号值。根据这些信号值采用一种改进的分水岭方法把模型分割成不同的曲面片．然后利用这些曲面片之间的连接关系构造拓扑连接图．最后通过比较不同模型的拓扑连接图相似性来得到它们的匹配度。根据匹配度进行三维模型检索．     

Sketch-based 3D model retrieval by incorporating 2D-3D alignment

Sketch-based 3D model retrieval is very important for applications such as 3D modeling and recognition. In this paper, a sketch-based retrieval algorithm is proposed based on a 3D model feature named View Context and 2D relative shape context matching. To enhance the accuracy of 2D sketch-3D model correspondence as well as the retrieval performance, we propose to align a 3D model with a query 2D sketch before measuring their distance. First, we efficiently select some candidate views from a set of densely sampled views of the 3D model to align the sketch and the model based on their View Context similarities. Then, we compute the more accurate relative shape context distance between the sketch and every candidate view, and regard the minimum one as the sketch-model distance. To speed up retrieval, we precompute the View Context and relative shape context features of the sample views of all the 3D models in the database. Comparative and evaluative experiments based on hand-drawn and standard line drawing sketches demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach and it significantly outperforms several latest sketch-based retrieval algorithms.     

Extracting 3D model feature lines based on conditional random fields

We propose a 3D model feature line extraction method using templates for guidance. The 3D model is first projected into a depth map, and a set of candidate feature points are extracted. Then, a conditional random fields (CRF) model is established to match the sketch points and the candidate feature points. Using sketch strokes, the candidate feature points can then be connected to obtain the feature lines, and using a CRF-matching model, the 2D image shape similarity features and 3D model geometric features can be effectively integrated. Finally, a relational metric based on shape and topological similarity is proposed to evaluate the matching results, and an iterative matching process is applied to obtain the globally optimized model feature lines. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can extract sound 3D model feature lines which correspond to the initial sketch template.     

3D Model Retrieval Using Bipartite Graph Matching Based on Attention

In this paper, we propose an attention-based bipartite graph 3D model retrieval algorithm, where many-to-many matching method, the weighted bipartite graph matching, is employed for comparison between two 3D models. Considering the panoramic views can donate the spatial and structural information, in this work, we use panoramic views to represent each 3D model. Attention mechanism is used to generate the weight of all views of each model. And then, we construct a weighted bipartite graph with the views of those models and the weight of each view. According to the bipartite graph, the matching result is used to measure the similarity between two 3D models. We experiment our method on ModelNet, NTU and ETH datasets, and the experimental results and comparison with other methods show the effectiveness of our method.

     

一种基于正交视图的三维模型多特征匹配算法

针对现今多数三维检索算法在匹配精度、检索速度以及算法复杂度三者难以相互兼顾的问题,文中提出一种基于正交视图的三维模型多特征匹配算法。首先对被检索三维模型的6个正视角进行投影,获得6个正视图像;接着分别用灰度级图像来描述各个正视图特征,并根据投影后模型各面的分布情况填补顶点与面片之间的间隙;然后动态提取每个灰度级图像的投影直方图特征和Zernike矩特征;最后在分析各特征的优缺点的基础上,融合多个特征来匹配三维模型的相似度。与传统LFD算法和D2算法进行对比实验,结果表明,文中算法能较好地提高对三维模型检索的查全率与查准率,具有计算量小、匹配精度高、运行速度快的优点。