A kind of PAPR reduction method based on pruning WPM and PTS technology

Wavelet packet multicarrier system gains widespread concern because of its better resistance performance to Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI), as well as the higher spectrum efficiency. However, multicarrier system has a high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which will lead to many problems such as lower system performance. In order to solve the problem, a kind of PAPR reduction method based on pruning Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM) and Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) technology is proposed in this paper, through proper pruning of the full-tree structure of wavelet packet modulation in the PTS technology to reduce the number of nodes in the system, and finally improve the reduction effect of PAPR. Simulation results show that when Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) is 10^?3, PTS based on pruning WPM compared with PTS technique and pruning technique has improved about 1 dB and 1.5 dB, which will not affect the system’s Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in the wavelet packet multicarrier system.     

GFDM系统中基于随机滤波器分配的降低PAPR算法

广义频分复用(GFDM)作为5G 的备选波形,具有很多OFDM 所没有的优点,但是依然具有较高的峰值平均功率比(PAPR)。从不同滤波器的相频特性不同入手,提出了一种新的降低GFDM 系统PAPR 的算法(RAF-GFDM)。该方法根据GFDM系统可以灵活选择滤波器结构的特点,通过对每路子载波随机分配不同的滤波器,调整信号叠加时的相位一致性,且不引起信号的畸变,从而有效抑制PAPR。理论分析和仿真结果证实,提出的算法在降低PAPR时没有增加额外的计算成本,且对误比特率(BER)几乎没有影响,因此具有更高的实际应用价值。     

Joint channel mitigation and side information estimation for GFDM systems in indoor environments

Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is the foremost contender for physical layer of 5G communication. The flexible nature of GFDM allows multiple symbols in time domain to superimpose, thereby creating high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). The idea of selective mapping (SLM) is to use a sequence of phase rotation vectors for generating alternatives using original GFDM signal. Among them, signal with lowest PAPR is selected for transmission. This procedure requires mandatory side information (SI) estimation or transmission which in turn decreases data reliability or efficiency. To address these issues, authors present a modified approach of pilot-assisted GFDM SLM system without need of SI transmission and to enable joint PAPR reduction and data recovery. In the proposed approach, we utilize a common modulating phase to modulate all subcarriers in a subsymbol assuming that each subsymbol consists of at least two pilots. This creates an inherent SI cancellation mechanism using the pilots which are employed for channel estimation. For practical validation of proposed concepts, we used software-defined radio (SDR) experimental setup employing universal software radio peripheral USRP) 2953R as hardware and Labview as software. Experimental results show a significant reduction in out-of-band spectral leakage without disturbing the estimated channel response.     

Simplified biorthogonal discrete wavelet transform for VLSI architecture design

Biorthogonal discrete wavelet transform (BDWT) has gained general acceptance as an image processing tool. For example, the JPEG2000 standard is completely based on the BDWT. In BDWT, the scaling (low-pass) and wavelet (high-pass) filters are symmetric and linear phase. In this work we show that by using a specific sign modulator the BDWT filter bank can be realized by only two biorthogonal filters. The analysis and synthesis parts use the same scaling and wavelet filters, which simplifies especially VLSI designs of the biorthogonal DWT/IDWT transceiver units. Utilizing the symmetry of the scaling and the wavelet filters we introduce a fast convolution algorithm for implementation of the filter modules. In multiplexer–demultiplexer VLSI applications both functions can be constructed via two running BDWT filters and the sign modulator. This work was supported by the National Technology Agency of Finland (TEKES).     

Classification of DoS Attacks in Smart Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

As per the most recent literature, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), a multi access technique, is considered most suitable for the 3G, 4G and 5G techniques in high speed wireless communication. What made OFDM most popular is its ability to deliver high bandwidth efficiency and superior data rate. Besides it, high value of peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) are the challenges to tackle down via appropriate mitigation scheme. As a research contribution in the present work, an improved self-cancellation (SC) technique is designed and simulated through Simulink to mitigate the effect of ICI. This novel proposed technique (Improved SC) is designed over discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based OFDM and compared with conventional SC scheme over different channel conditions i.e. AWGN and Rayleigh fading environments. It is found that proposed DWT-OFDM with Improved SC scheme outperforms conventional SC technique significantly, under both AWGN and Rayleigh channel conditions. Further, in order to justify the novelty in the research contribution, a Split-DWT based Simulink model for Improved SC scheme is investigated to analyse the BER performance. This Split-DWT based Simulink model presented here foretells the future research potential in wavelet hybridization of OFDM to side-line ICI effects more efficiently.

     

降低GFDM峰均功率比的低复杂度算法

为降低广义频分复用(GFDM)系统的峰均功率比(PAPR)、实现复杂度,提出了基于T变换和选择性映射(SLM)的TSLM算法,该算法的设计思想是利用SLM算法增加GFDM时域备选信号的数量以降低其PAPR,利用T变换实现串联的沃尔什-哈达玛变换和离散傅里叶反变换以降低GFDM系统的复杂度。为进一步降低GFDM系统的PAPR,提出了将TSLM算法和转换向量(CV)相结合的TCSLM算法,利用CV向量进一步增加GFDM时域备选信号的数量。结果表明,在子载波数为64、子符号数为3、相位序列数为2时,与SLM算法相比,TSLM算法和TCSLM算法的实现复杂度分别降低约21.9%和60.9%;在互补累计分布函数(CCDF)为10^?3时,TSLM算法和TCSLM算法的PAPR分别降低约0.6 dB和1 dB;在误比特率为10^?3时TSLM算法和TCSLM算法的误码性能均改善约2 dB。     

基于反对称双正交小波分解系数的模极大值的信号快速重构

因为反对称双正交小波具有近似微分算子性质,该文用它对信号作无下采样(Un-decimated)的小波变换,以此获得信号在各尺度下与信号的边缘点相对应的局部模极大值。在只保留这些局部模极大值(即边缘)点信息的条件下,利用高斯函数直接拟合各级小波系数,然后再作小波逆变换就可恢复原信号。实验表明,与现有的采用二进小波变换的方法比较,该方法更加简便快捷。     

OFDM/OQAM系统中联合迭代信道估计和信号检测

与基于复数域空间正交条件的传统正交频分复用系统(OFDM with Cyclic Prefix, CP-OFDM)有所不同,基于交错正交调制的正交频分复用系统(OFDM/Offset QAM, OFDM/OQAM)满足实数域空间严格正交条件。因此在多径衰落信道条件下,CP-OFDM系统中的信道估计方法会导致OFDM/OQAM系统严重的字符间干扰和载波间干扰。该文结合OFDM/OQAM系统结构特点,提出了一种基于迭代信道估计和信号检测算法。该算法通过信道估计器和接收到的信号互相交换信息,消除导频序列中的字符间干扰和载波间干扰,提高信道估计和信号检测的准确度。仿真分析结果表明,经过一定次数迭代处理后,OFDM/OQAM迭代信道估计性能趋近于理想信道估计性能。     

A novel turbo GFDM-IM receiver for MIMO communications

Generalized frequency-division multiplexing (GFDM) is a candidate waveform for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. However, the carrier frequency offset (CFO) causing synchronization problem is very important for GFDM system. In this paper, we propose a turbo receiver with channel estimation, equalization and CFO compensation for MIMO (multiple input multiple output) GFDM system with index modulation (IM). So far, no related researches exist. This paper proposes a novel receiver to solve CFO compensation with two-path transmission and proposes a modified phase rotated conjugate cancellation (PRCC) algorithm for the receiver. On the other hand, GFDM with index modulation (GFDM-IM) can achieve better performance and lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) than those of GFDM by using active index subcarrier. To reduce the system complexity, the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) criteria is also employed to search which subcarrier is active. Moreover, the Kalman filter is employed to trace the time-varying channels. The initial channel estimation is performed by the sparse pilot signals. In the simulations, we compare the proposed receiver with several existing schemes in different time-varying channels and modulations. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes.     

双正交小波变换在智能航姿测试系统设计中的应用

为了快速、可靠测试某新型飞机航向姿态系统,在解决有关关键技术后,研制了总线式智能航姿测试系统。系统中创新设计了轴角转换板卡,实现了微弱磁航向信号的准确测量,系统航向、姿态检测精度从原模拟式检测设备的1°提高到现在的0.1°,与原模拟式测试系统相比,维护效率提高了10倍以上。系统采用双正交小波变换技术对TQZ-1D陀螺仪测漂信号进行去噪处理,经小波处理后,可以将TQZ-1D陀螺仪的姿态测量精度提高2倍。该测试系统已实际应用3年,系统运行稳定,检测测效率高,受到用户的广泛好评。     

基于小波包变换的自适应阈值语音去噪净化

提出了一种基于小波包变换的自适应阈值语音去噪净化方法。采用双正交小波包分解,克服了传统的正交小波变换的缺陷。采用自适应阚值方法,通过最佳阈值的估计,在去噪的同时进一步提高信噪比。仿真实验结果表明．方法能在有效去除噪声的过程中保证相位不失真和较好保留语音细节,语音净化效果明显优于其他方法。     

双选择信道中的时间偏移广义频分复用通信

当信道存在时间-频率双选择性时,严重的子载波间干扰和子符号间干扰将导致广义频分复用(GFDM)系统性能显著下降.为此,该文提出一种时间偏移GFDM系统(TO-GFDM),通过对传统GFDM系统的原型滤波器进行时间偏移,来提高双选择信道下GFDM系统的性能.该文推导了GFDM信号在双选择信道中的平均信干比公式,并提出基于...     

Joint ICI Cancellation and PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems Without Side Information

Intercarrier interference (ICI) self-cancellation, new ICI self-cancellation and conjugate cancellation schemes have been proposed in the literature to mitigate the effect of ICI. In this paper we have performed the mathematical analysis of PAPR performances for ICI self-cancellation, new ICI self-cancellation and ICI conjugate cancellation schemes and it is found that PAPR performance of these schemes are either very close to or poorer than the standard OFDM signal, which necessitates the requirement of PAPR reduction. After realizing the need of PAPR reduction in ICI cancellation schemes, we have proposed a joint scheme to reduce ICI and PAPR simultaneously. In this paper, we have proposed a multipoint partial transmit sequence (PTS) scheme, to improve the PAPR performance of ICI cancellation schemes. The proposed multipoint PTS based PAPR reduction scheme is coupled with ICI cancellation schemes in such a way that CIR performance of these schemes after coupling remains unchanged and no SI is required at the receiver to recover the original data signal. A comparison of CIR and PAPR performances for ICI cancellation schemes with and without PAPR reduction is also presented in this paper. The analytical results of CIR and PAPR performances for conventional ICI cancellation and joint ICI cancellation and PAPR reduction confirm the outperformance of the proposed scheme. We have also evaluated the SER performance of the joint schemes over additive white Gaussian noise and fading channels and presented a comparison with other existing schemes.     

双选择信道中的时间偏移广义频分复用通信

当信道存在时间-频率双选择性时,严重的子载波间干扰和子符号间干扰将导致广义频分复用(GFDM)系统性能显著下降.为此,该文提出一种时间偏移GFDM系统(TO-GFDM),通过对传统GFDM系统的原型滤波器进行时间偏移,来提高双选择信道下GFDM系统的性能.该文推导了GFDM信号在双选择信道中的平均信干比公式,并提出基于离散导频的联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法,该算法利用信道估计器与串行干扰消除符号检测器之间的信息交换,逐步减小干扰信号,提高信道估计与符号检测的精度.理论分析与仿真实验结果表明,在双选择信道条件下,时间偏移GFDM比传统的GFDM具有更高的平均信干比和误码率性能;并且,联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法能有效降低系统误码率.     

基于小波变换的可见光OFDM通信系统性能优化

在可见光通信中, 由于信道的多径效应和信道衰减在传统正交频分复用(OFDM)系统会产生符号间干扰, 从而降低系统的可靠性。为了保障通信质量, 采用带有循环前缀的OFDM系统来抵抗多径效应引起的符号干扰; 为了降低系统的误比特率和峰均比, 采用Haar小波来实现系统有效性、可靠性、峰均比等参量的性能优化, 并采用蒙特卡洛法进行了仿真验证。结果表明, 当系统的误比特率为10-4时, 离散小波变换OFDM系统较快速傅里叶变换OFDM(FFT-OFDM)系统的误码性能大约提高了5dB, 通信效率提高了大约11%;当系统的峰均比为5dB时, FFT-OFDM系统的互补累计分布函数(CCDF)值接近10-2, DWT-OFDM系统的CCDF值为0。该研究为可见光小波变换OFDM通信提供了参考。     

17/11双正交小波的优化设计及其对图像压缩性能的分析

许多适合于图像编码的小波,如CDF-9/7,Winger-17/11(W-17/11),Villasenor-6/10和10/18(V-6/10和V-10/18)小波,其滤波器系数是无理数,需要用无限的计算精度实现对应的离散小波变换(DWT)。该文给出了一种参数化构造17/11双正交小波组的简便方法:首先把小波合成滤波器表示为用两个自由参数表达的三角多项式,然后把双正交小波的精确重构条件归结为一个线性方程组,最后求解此方程组得到对应的小波分解滤波器,从而得到了17/11双正交小波滤波器的参数表达式。通过调整表达式中的自由参数,可以随意构造具有所需特征的17/11线性相位小波滤波器。作为构造实例,构造出一种新的有理系数17/11双正交小波滤波器,它具有优化的编码增益。实验表明:其压缩性能与W-17/11和V-10/18小波滤波器相当,优于CDF-9/7和V-6/10小波滤波器。     

基于小波包变换和判决反馈RBF网络的组合均衡器

本文提出了一种基于小波包变换和判决反馈RBF网络的组合非线性均衡器的结构和算法.首先将信号进行小波包分解,再将分解后的信号分量送入带有判决反馈结构的RBF神经网络进行均衡.一方面,小波包具有很强的去相关能力,可以提高均衡器的收敛速度;另一方面,RBF神经网络具有较强的非线性模式分类能力,可降低均衡器的均方误差.在仿真实验中,针对无线通信数字信号传输过程中由于多径效应和信道衰落而产生的码间干扰(ISI)问题,比较了最小均方(LMS)算法和组合均衡器算法的均衡效果,结果表明,组合均衡算法具有更快的收敛速度,更低的误码率.     

Improving Effectiveness of the Active Constellation Extension Method for PAPR Reduction in Generalized Multicarrier Signals

In this paper, the Active Constellation Extension (ACE) method of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction is studied for the application in Generalized Mulicarrier (GMC) transmission using nonorthogonal subcarriers. It is shown, that GMC signaling is advantageous for modern wireless communications due to its high spectral efficiency, however, it faces even higher PAPR than in the case of the conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. The modification of the ACE method for the GMC signals is presented, which takes into account overlapping of data symbol pulses and of their subband spectra. Further improvements of the proposed method are suggested that lead to the decrease of the computational complexity and to more efficacious PAPR reduction in comparison with the conventional ACE scheme. With these improvements, the PAPR reduction for the GMC signaling is the same as for OFDM.     

PAPR Reduction in MIMO-OFDM Systems: Spatial and Temporal Processing

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology is a promising solution for next generation wireless communications, due to high bandwidth efficiency, resistance to RF interference, and robustness to multipath fading. A major drawback of OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) which results in non-linearities in the output signal. In this paper, two methods based on spatial/temporal processing are proposed to reduce the PAPR of MIMO-OFDM systems. These methods divide the OFDM block at each transmit antenna into some subblocks. Then, spatial and temporal processing in the form of circular shifting or interleaving are applied to generate different candidate sequences. Finally, for each transmit antenna the candidate sequence with the lowest PAPR is chosen for transmission. Compared to the conventional PAPR reduction schemes such as ordinary partial transmit sequences (O-PTS), the proposed methods require lower computational complexity and have superior PAPR reduction performance.     

Low Bit-Rate Design Considerations for Wavelet-Based Image Coding

Biorthogonal and orthogonal filter pairs derived from the family of binomial product filters are considered for wavelet transform implementation with the goal of high performance lossy image compression. Using experimental rate-distortion performance as the final measure of comparison, a number of new and existing filters are presented with excellent image coding capabilities. In addition, numerous filter attributes such as orthonormality, transition band sharpness, coding gain, low-band reconstruction error, regularity, and vanishing moments are assessed to determine their importance with regards to the fidelity of the decoded images. While image data compression is specifically addressed, many of the proposed techniques are applicable to other coding applications.