Utilizing knowledge context in virtual collaborative work

The understanding of knowledge can be impaired if it is isolated from the proper context. Despite the importance of contextual information, there has been limited support for utilizing context in current knowledge management and collaborative systems. This paper presents a knowledge context model, called KC-V, which facilitates the use of contextual information in virtual collaborative work. Four benefits of using KC-V are suggested: evolutionary accumulation of knowledge aligned with collaborative activities, supporting the virtual team lifecycle, improved understanding by rich navigation paths, and searching for knowledge with similar context. A web-based collaboration system called VWSS is developed using KC-V.     

Research on an active knowledge push service based on collaborative intent capture

The quality of a knowledge service influences the quality, efficiency and innovation of product conceptual design. Existing approaches lack intelligence and individuation when providing a knowledge retrieval service via rules and cases. In this paper, we propose a framework of an active knowledge service based on collaborative intent capture to assist product conceptual design. First, a collaborative intent capture model is constructed through the study of the expression and capture of collaborative intent; second, a framework and a process of active knowledge push based on collaborative intent capture are designed after analyzing the method of knowledge resources acquisition based on the constraint satisfaction theory. Finally, match algorithms for text content are studied. Based on the above research achievements, a prototype system of a collaborative design and active knowledge service platform (C-AKSP) has been developed for providing a knowledge service and assisting product conceptual design. An example, the conceptual design of a machine tool spindle system, is used to validate the proposed theories for the model, the framework and the algorithm. As a result, C-AKSP can provide a superior knowledge service that meets the designer's knowledge needs.     

A RFBSE model for capturing engineers’ useful knowledge and experience during the design process

Reuse of designers’ knowledge and experience of solving problems during the engineering design process holds the key to increase efficiency of decision making in future projects. An important part of this useful knowledge and experience is the interpretation of data and information about design objects and processes as well as the generation of new information for decision-making. However, previous studies on knowledge representation models have mainly focused on developing a structure to describe the knowledge about design objects and design processes while a systematic method that can effectively integrate knowledge about design objects and knowledge about problem-solving strategies is still missing. To fill this gap, a RFBSE knowledge representation model for capturing useful design knowledge and experience for future reuse is developed and evaluated in this study. This paper describes the key elements of this model, explains the rationale of using particular elements, and discusses the evaluation of the model using an engineering design example.     

Collaborative knowledge building using the Design Principles Database

In this study we describe a mechanism for supporting a community of learning scientists who are exploring educational technologies by helping them to share and collaboratively build design knowledge. The Design Principles Database (DPD) is intended to be built and used by this community to provide an infrastructure for participants to publish, connect, discuss and review design ideas, and to use these ideas to create new designs. The potential of the DPD to serve as a collaborative knowledge-building endeavor is illustrated by analysis of a CSCL study focused on peer-evaluation. The analysis demonstrates how the DPD was used by the researchers of the peer-evaluation study in three phases. In the first phase, design principles were articulated based on a literature review and contributed to the DPD. In the second phase, a peer-evaluation activity was designed based on these principles, and was enacted and revised in a three-iteration study. In the third phase, lessons learned through these iterations were fed back to the DPD. The analysis indicates that such processes can contribute to collaborative development of design knowledge in a community of the learning sciences. Readers of ijCSCL are invited to take part in this endeavor and share their design knowledge with the community.     

Designing information artefacts for knowledge workers

This paper describes the characteristics of technology to support the knowledge worker through an analysis of the model of knowledge which they embody. The disparity between this model and the post-industrial model of knowledge, coupled with examples of technologies that are designed more sympathetically towards the post-industrial model, provides insights that motivate a design approach explicity focused on addressing the requirements and circumstances of the knowledge worker.     

基于对象技术的协同设计研究

协同产品开发是提高企业竞争力的重要手段。本文探讨了协同工作模式与建模的需求,提出了一种基于对象的协同产品开发模式,包括产品信息共享、过程的集成和对象封装技术支持分阶段的协同优化决策。以注塑模具制造为背景,在并行工程框架环境下,阐明了这一协同产品开发的具体实现。     

Fostering continuous innovation in design with an integrated knowledge management approach

In the global competition, companies are propelled by an immense pressure to innovate. The trend to produce more new knowledge-intensive products or services and the rapid progress of information technologies arouse huge interest on knowledge management for innovation. However the strategy of knowledge management is not widely adopted for innovation in industries due to a lack of an effective approach of their integration. This study aims to help the designers to innovate more efficiently based on an integrated approach of knowledge management. Based on this integrated approach, a prototype of distributed knowledge management system for innovation is developed. An industrial application is presented and its initial results indicate the applicability of the approach and the prototype in practice.     

催化知识智能处理的初步研究

应用专家系统技术处理催化剂设计中大量非数值信息具有重要的实用价值。本文采用专家系统工具M.1,通过一个“离子浸渍吸附”子系统的原型构造实例,讨论催化知识构成和相应的处理方法。在此基础上,提出了结合传统的数值模拟技术构造催化专家系统的设想。     

知识的系统化组织与管理问题

知识的系统化组织与管理问题王克宏,刘广天,康小强,胡蓬,石纯一（清华大学计算机系１０００８４）关键词知识处理,知识库管理系统,知识库系统．１知识的系统化组织与管理知识是人们对自然现象的认识以及从中总结的规律和经验,常表达为知识一事实十规则十概念．知识...     

On the long-term retention of geometry-centric digital engineering artifacts

This paper discusses the challenges of long-term preservation of digital geometric models and the engineering processes associated with them. For engineering, design, manufacturing, and physics-based simulation data this requires formats that are accessible potentially indefinitely into the future. One of the fundamental challenges is the development of digital geometry-centric engineering representations that are self describing and assured to be interpretable over the long lifespans required by archival applications. Additionally, future users may have needs that require other information, going beyond geometry, be also accessible to fully interpret the model. These problems are highly interdisciplinary and not exclusively algorithmic or technical. To provide context, the paper introduces a case study illustrating an overall portrait of the problem. Based on observations from this case study, we present a framework for enhancing the preservation of geometry-centric engineering knowledge. This framework is currently being used on a number of projects in engineering education.     

Semantic Web based innovative design knowledge modeling for collaborative design

This paper describes a study about how to use the Semantic Web technologies for innovative design knowledge modeling in a multi-agent distributed design environment. Semantic Web based knowledge modeling for innovative design is proposed as prelude to the meaningful agent communication and knowledge reuse for collaborative work among multidisciplinary organizations. A model for innovative design is proposed at first, based on which a knowledge schema is brought forward. For sharing the design knowledge among an internet-based or distributed work team, even globally, A RDF-based knowledge model is presented to realize its representation on Semantic Web. A Semantic Web based repository for innovative design and its API for topper Semantic Web applications have been also constructed. The proposed knowledge modeling extends traditional product modeling with capabilities of innovative design, knowledge sharing and distributed problem solving, and is employed as a content language within the messages in the proposed multi-agent system architecture. The proposed approach is viewed as a promising knowledge management method that facilitates the implementation of computer supported cooperative work in innovative design of Semantic Web applications.     

学习者知识追踪研究进展综述

学习者建模是自适应学习系统的支撑技术之一,其中以知识追踪为代表的学习者知识状态建模研究最为广泛.3种代表性的知识追踪技术分别为基于隐马尔可夫模型的贝叶斯知识追踪、基于逻辑回归模型的可加性因素模型、基于循环神经网络的深度知识追踪.通过综述发现,贝叶斯知识追踪模型适用于含单一知识点的学习任务的知识追踪,可加性因素模型和深度...     

Epistemological Approach to the Process of Practice

Systems based on symbolic knowledge have performed extremely well in processing reason, yet, remain beset with problems of brittleness in many domains. Connectionist approaches do similarly well in emulating interactive domains, however, have struggled when modelling higher brain functions. Neither of these dichotomous approaches, however, have provided many inroads into the area of human reasoning that psychology and sociology refer to as the process of practice. This paper argues that the absence of a model for the process of practise in current approaches is a significant contributor to brittleness. This paper will investigate how the process of practise relates to deeper forms of contextual representations of knowledge. While researchers and developers of knowledge based systems have often incorporated the notion of context they treat context as a static entity, neglecting many connectionists’ work in learning hidden and dynamic contexts. This paper argues that the omission of these higher forms of context is one of the fundamental problems in the application and interpretation of symbolic knowledge. Finally, these ideas for modelling context will lead to the reinterpretation of situation cognition which makes a significant step towards a philosophy of knowledge that could lead to the modelling of the process of practice.

Mining knowledge demands from information flow

Among a collaborative team, members usually come from diverse disciplines, and their demands for knowledge are also different from each other. Information flow is a type of collaborative process, which exists behind every collaborative team. This paper is concerned with how to obtain team members’ knowledge demands from the information flow. Firstly, the knowledge demands model is defined. Based on the model of knowledge demands and information filtering technologies, some approaches for mining demands from information flow are proposed. This study on the knowledge demand mining can pave the way for developing knowledge recommender systems, which can recommend proper knowledge to proper team members with a collaborative team.     

融合知识图谱表示学习的栈式自编码器推荐算法

针对目前协同过滤推荐算法中数据稀疏和语义信息欠缺问题,提出一种融合知识图谱表示学习的栈式自编码器推荐算法(SAEKG-CF).将评分矩阵作为栈式自编码器的输入,训练得到项目的隐性特征向量,并据此计算特征相似性矩阵;利用知识图谱表示学习算法将项目中的实体映射到低维向量空间,并计算出低维向量空间中实体间的语义相似性矩阵;将...     

Knowledge representation framework for interactive capture and management of reflection process in product concepts development

A design process can be characterized by reflection-in-action; that is, the process consists of a series of problem solving activities and each is embodied with a problem and a solution. In this process, a designer represents a hypothetical concept on each design alternative, deploys and verifies the concept from multiple viewpoints considering other alternatives, and modifies it. An advanced integrated design environment should be based on a representation framework that embodies this process of reflection in concept development, which usually remains in the realm of the designer’s tacit knowledge. This paper proposes a knowledge representation framework for an integrated design environment, named DRIFT (Design Representation Integration Framework of Three layers), which interactively captures and manages reflection processes of generating and verifying design concepts. The core of DRIFT is a three-layered design process model of actions, operations, and argumentation. This model integrates various design tools and captures performed design activities. The action level captures the sequence of design operations. The model operation level captures the transition of design states, recording a design snapshot over design tools, which are integrated through ontology-based representation of design concepts. The argumentation level captures the process of defining problems and corresponding alternative solutions. Integration of three levels with a template of design operation extracted from Design-For-X approaches enables a proposed system to interactively and efficiently capture and manage the process of design concept development through operations over design tools. A design operation template works to limit the number of links between the three levels remaining easy to manage its semantics. This paper also demonstrates a prototype implementation of DRIFT and its application to conceptual design of a small mechatronic system with a system modeling method. The paper concludes with a discussion of some future issues.