局部搜索与改进MOPSO的混合优化算法及其应用

为弥补粒子群后期收敛缓慢与早熟的不足,提出了一种局部搜索与改进MOPSO的混合优化算法(H-MOP- SO)。该算法首先采用非均匀变异算子和自适应惯性权重,强化全局搜索能力;继而建立混合算法模型,并利用侧步 爬山搜索算法对粒子群作周期性优化,使远离前沿的粒子朝下降方向搜索,而靠近前沿的粒子朝非支配方向搜索,加 快粒子群的收敛并改善解集多样性。对标准测试函数的求解表明,该算法比MOPSO, NSGA-II和MOEA/D具有更 好的多样性和收敛性。供应商优选问题的求解进一步验证了H-MOPSO的有效性。     

混合多目标粒子群优化算法在热精轧负荷分配优化中的应用

通过对热精轧负荷分配过程的分析,选取负荷均衡、板形良好和轧制功率最低为目标,建立了热精轧负荷分配多目标优化模型.为了提高多目标优化算法解集的分布性和收敛性,提出了一种混合多目标粒子群优化算法(HMOPSO),该算法根据Pareto支配关系得到Pareto前沿进而保证种群收敛;采用分解策略维护外部存档,该策略首先根据Pareto前沿求出上界点对目标空间进行归一化处理,然后对种群进行分区处理进而保证种群的分布性能.仿真结果表明,HMOPSO的收敛性和分布性都好于MOPSO和d MOPSO;采用模糊多属性决策的方法从Pareto最优解集中选择一个Pareto最优解,通过与经验负荷分配方法相比,表明该Pareto最优解可以使轧制方案更加合理.     

基于平衡搜索策略的多目标粒子群优化算法*

鉴于平衡全局和局部搜索在多目标粒子群优化算法获取完整均匀Pareto最优前沿方面的重要性,设计平衡全局和局部搜索策略,进而提出改进的多目标粒子群优化算法(bsMOPSO).文中策略在局部搜索方面设计归档集自挖掘子策略,通过对归档集中均匀分布的部分粒子进行柯西扰动,使归档集涵盖整个前沿面的局部搜索.在全局搜索方面设计边界最优粒子引导搜索子策略,以边界最优粒子替换部分粒子的全局最优解,引导粒子向各维目标的边界区域搜索.选取4种对比算法在ZDT和DTLZ系列的部分测试函数上进行实验,结果表明bsMOPSO具有更快的Pareto最优前沿收敛效率和更好的分布性.     

An Effective PSO-Based Hybrid Algorithm for Multiobjective Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling

This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for a multiobjective permutation flow shop scheduling problem, which is a typical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with strong engineering backgrounds. Not only does the proposed multiobjective algorithm (named MOPSO) apply the parallel evolution mechanism of PSO characterized by individual improvement, population cooperation, and competition to effectively perform exploration but it also utilizes several adaptive local search methods to perform exploitation. First, to make PSO suitable for solving scheduling problems, a ranked-order value (ROV) rule based on a random key technique to convert the continuous position values of particles to job permutations is presented. Second, a multiobjective local search based on the Nawaz-Enscore-Ham heuristic is applied to good solutions with a specified probability to enhance the exploitation ability. Third, to enrich the searching behavior and to avoid premature convergence, a multiobjective local search based on simulated annealing with multiple different neighborhoods is designed, and an adaptive meta-Lamarckian learning strategy is employed to decide which neighborhood will be used. Due to the fusion of multiple different searching operations, good solutions approximating the real Pareto front can be obtained. In addition, MOPSO adopts a random weighted linear sum function to aggregate multiple objectives to a single one for solution evaluation and for guiding the evolution process in the multiobjective sense. Due to the randomness of weights, searching direction can be enriched, and solutions with good diversity can be obtained. Simulation results and comparisons based on a variety of instances demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness of the proposed hybrid algorithm.     

Multiobjective particle swarm optimization with nondominated local and global sets

In multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) methods, selecting the local best and the global best for each particle of the population has a great impact on the convergence and diversity of solutions, especially when optimizing problems with high number of objectives. This paper presents an approach using two sets of nondominated solutions. The ability of the proposed approach to detect the true Pareto optimal solutions and capture the shape of the Pareto front is evaluated through experiments on well-known non-trivial multiobjective test problems as well as the real-life electric power dispatch problem. The diversity of the nondominated solutions obtained is demonstrated through different measures. The proposed approach has been assessed through a comparative study with the reported results in the literature.     

混合择优的多目标免疫粒子群优化算法

为解决多目标粒子群优化算法存在解的多样性差、分布不均等问题,提出一种混合择优机制：在迭代过程中每个粒子依概率,根据解集信息熵或Sigma值确定其全局极值;并直接对解集进行基于信息熵的克隆选择,根据支配关系更新解集,充分发掘分布性更好的解。测试函数的仿真实验结果表明,该算法在保持较好的收敛性能的同时,其求解的分布性指标要明显优于其他算法,这说明混合择优机制能够有效地提升多目标粒子群优化算法求解的多样性和分布性。     

基于分解和差分进化的多目标粒子群优化算法

为了提高多目标优化算法解集的分布性和收敛性,提出一种基于分解和差分进化的多目标粒子群优化算法(dMOPSO-DE).该算法通过提出方向角产生一组均匀的方向向量,确保粒子分布的均匀性;引入隐式精英保持策略和差分进化修正机制选择全局最优粒子,避免种群陷入局部最优Pareto前沿;采用粒子重置策略保证群体的多样性.与非支配排序(NSGA-II)算法、多目标粒子群优化(MOPSO)算法、分解多目标粒子群优化(dMOPSO)算法和分解多目标进化-差分进化(MOEA/D-DE)算法进行比较,实验结果表明,所提出算法在求解多目标优化问题时具有良好的收敛性和多样性.     

基于爬山粒子群优化的移动传感网络定位算法

针对蒙特卡洛定位（Monte Carlo Localization,MCL）采样效率不高,定位精度较低的问题,提出一种新的基于爬山法优化策略的移动无线传感网络定位算法HCPSO-MCL（Hill Climbing Particle Swarm Optimization-MCL）,将节点定位问题转化为全局优化问题。HCPSO-MCL算法采用基于爬山策略的混合粒子群优化算法对MCL的估计值进行修正,从而实现节点快速准确定位。实验仿真结果表明,HCPSO-MCL较之于MCL算法在定位精度上有很大改进,而且比PSO-MCL（Particle Swarm Optimization-MCL）算法有更快的收敛性。     

采用双重采样的移动机器人Monte Carlo定位方法

移动机器人Monte Carlo定位效率受限于大量粒子的权值更新运算. 本文提出一种实现粒子集规模自适应调整的双重采样方法: 第一层基于粒子权重的固定粒子数重采样, 有效减轻粒子权值退化并保证预测阶段粒子多样性; 第二层粒子稀疏化聚合重采样, 基于粒子空间分布合理性将粒子加权聚合, 从而减少参与权值更新粒子数. 该方法通过提高粒子预测能力保证滤波精度, 通过减少权值更新运算提高了粒子滤波效率. 仿真实验表明, 双重采样方法能够有效实现粒子集规模自适应调整,采用双重采样的移动机器人Monte Carlo定位方法是高效、鲁棒的.     

基于适配粒子群的多目标优化方法

提出了一种基于适配粒子群的多目标优化方法。该方法给出的适配粒子群算法规则简单、收敛速度快,得到的解集有较好的分散性和均匀性。将提出的外部记忆体更新和适配半径选择的方法应用于经典的多目标函数中。结果表明,该优化方法能够快速准确地收敛于Pareto解集,并且使其对应的目标域均匀分布于Pareto最优目标域。     

A multi-objective artificial physics optimization algorithm based on ranks of individuals

This paper proposes a multi-objective artificial physics optimization algorithm based on individuals’ ranks. Using a Pareto sorting based technique and incorporating the concept of neighborhood crowding degree, evolutionary individuals in the search space are evaluated at first. Then each individual is assigned a unique serial number in terms of its performance, which affects the mass of the individual. Thereby, the population evolves towards the direction of the Pareto-optimal front. Synchronously, the presented approach has good diversity, such that the population is spread evenly on the Pareto front. Results of simulation on a number of difficult test problems show that the proposed algorithm, with less evolutionary generations, is able to find a better spread of solutions and better convergence near the true Pareto-optimal front compared to classical multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (NSGA, SPEA, MOPSO) and to simple multi-objective artificial physics optimization algorithm.     

均衡分布性和收敛性的多目标粒子群优化方法

粒子群优化（PSO）算法是一种基于群体演化且非常有效的求解多目标优化问题的方法,但因经典算法中粒子进化存在趋同性导致算法易陷入局部Pareto最优前沿,使得解集收敛性和分布性不理想。为此提出了一种均衡分布性和收敛性的多目标粒子群优化（DWMOPSO）算法,算法中每个粒子根据自身在进化过程中记忆的个体最好适应度值构建进化速度,由进化速度的快慢动态调整各粒子惯性权重,增加粒子的多样性,从而提高粒子跳出局部最优解的概率。通过在5个标准测试函数上进行仿真实验,结果表明,与Coello的多目标粒子群优化(MOPSO)算法相比,DWMOPSO算法获得的解集在与真实解集的逼近性和解集的分布性两个方面都有了很大的提高。     

基于多假设跟踪的移动机器人自适应蒙特卡罗定位研究

针对移动机器人蒙特卡罗定位(Monte Carlo localization, MCL)算法在含有对称和自相似结构的环境中容易失败的问题, 提出了一种基于多假设跟踪的自适应蒙特卡罗定位改进算法. 该算法根据粒子间空间相似性采用核密度树聚类算法对粒子群进行聚类, 每簇粒子代表一个位姿假设并用一个独立的MCL算法进行跟踪, 总体上形成了一组非等权的粒子滤波器, 很好地克服了普通粒子滤波器由于粒子贫乏而引起的过度收敛问题. 同时运用该核密度树实现了自适应采样, 提高了算法的性能. 针对机器人``绑架'问题对该算法作了进一步的改进. 实验结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

求解多目标优化问题的自适应粒子群算法

提出了一种基于自适应惯性权重的多目标粒子群优化算法AWMOPSO,采用新的适应值分配机制,在搜索过程中根据粒子的适应值对粒子进行分类,动态调整粒子的惯性权重以控制粒子的开发和探索能力。用外部精英集保存非支配解,并通过拥挤距离维持解的多样性。引入精英迁移和局部扰动策略,提高收敛的速度和精度。典型的测试函数的计算结果表明了算法能够快速逼近Pareto最优前沿,是求解多目标优化问题的有效方法。     

On convergence of the multi-objective particle swarm optimizers

Several variants of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm have been proposed in recent past to tackle the multi-objective optimization (MO) problems based on the concept of Pareto optimality. Although a plethora of significant research articles have so far been published on analysis of the stability and convergence properties of PSO as a single-objective optimizer, till date, to the best of our knowledge, no such analysis exists for the multi-objective PSO (MOPSO) algorithms. This paper presents a first, simple analysis of the general Pareto-based MOPSO and finds conditions on its most important control parameters (the inertia factor and acceleration coefficients) that govern the convergence behavior of the algorithm to the optimal Pareto front in the objective function space. Computer simulations over benchmark MO problems have also been provided to substantiate the theoretical derivations.     

一种用于多目标优化的混合粒子群优化算法

将粒子群算法与局部优化方法相结合,提出了一种混合粒子群多目标优化算法（HMOPSO）。该算法针对粒子群局部优化性能较差的缺点,引入多目标线搜索与粒子群算法相结合的策略,以增强粒子群算法的局部搜索能力。HMOPSO首先运行PSO算法,得到近似的Pareto最优解;然后启动多目标线搜索,发挥传统数值优化算法的优势,对其进行进一步的优化。数值实验表明,HMOPSO具有良好的全局优化性能和较强的局部搜索能力,同时HMOPSO所得的非劣解集在分散性、错误率和逼近程度等量化指标上优于MOPSO。     

RoboCup四腿组比赛中定位算法的实验比较

针对RoboCup四腿组比赛场地结构对称和特征不唯一的特点，在场地模型中对带数据校验的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF V)、多假设定位(MHL)、蒙特卡洛定位(MCL)和自适应蒙特卡洛定位(A MCL)四种算法的全局定位精度和对噪声的鲁棒性进行了仿真实验比较．实验结果表明，四种算法在噪声可估计的条件下都能达到较高的全局定位精度，而MCL和A MCL对噪声有较高的鲁棒性，更适合应用于RoboCup四腿组比赛．     

Multirobot Localization in Highly Symmetrical Environments

The paper addresses and solves the problem of multirobot collaborative localization in highly symmetrical 2D environments, such as the ones encountered in logistic applications. Because of the environment symmetry, the most common localization algorithms may fail to provide a correct estimate of the position and orientation of the robot, if its initial position is not known, no specific landmark is introduced, and no absolute information (e.g., GPS) is available: the robot can estimate its position with respect to the walls of the corridor, but it could be critical to determine in which corridor it is actually moving. The proposed algorithm is based upon a particle filter cooperative Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) and implements a three-stage procedure for the global localization and the accurate position tracking of each robot of the team. Online simulations and experimental tests, which investigate different situations with respect to the number of robots involved and their initial positions, show how the proposed solution can lead to the global localization of each robot, with a precision sufficient to be used as starting point for the subsequent robot tracking.     

基于博弈机制的多目标粒子群优化算法

为改善多目标粒子群算法存在优化解的多样性不足和算法的收敛性问题,提出一种基于博弈机制的多目标粒子群优化算法。使用博弈机制,无需外部储备集,通过非占优排序和拥挤距离选出一部分优秀的粒子,从这些优秀的粒子中随机选择一个作为全局最优粒子,有效提升算法的收敛性和种群的多样性。算法初期使用多尺度混沌变异策略,避免算法陷入局部最优。通过与6个多目标算法在3个系列标准测试函数上进行比较,验证了该算法所得解分布性较好,能快速收敛到真实Pareto前端。     

基于随机黑洞和逐步淘汰策略的多目标粒子群优化算法

提出一种基于随机黑洞粒子群算法(RBH-PSO) 和逐步淘汰策略的多目标粒子群优化(MRBHPSO-SE) 算法. 利用RBH-PSO 全局优化能力强和收敛速度快的优点逼近Pareto 最优解; 为了避免拥挤距离排序策略的缺陷, 提出逐步淘汰策略, 并将其应用到下一代粒子的选择策略中. 同时, 动态选择领导粒子, 运用动态惯性权重系数和变异操作 来增强种群全局寻优能力, 以及避免早熟收敛. 利用具有不同特点的测试函数进行验证, 结果表明, 与同类算法相比, 该算法具有较高的精度并兼顾优化解的多样性.