Improvement of Kalman filters for WLAN based indoor tracking

Location Based Service (LBS) cannot be realized unless the location of the user is available. For indoor LBS, indoor positioning must be utilized and many researchers have been working on indoor positioning and tracking. For example, Extended Kalman filter (EKF) was exploited in Bluetooth based indoor positioning. Nowadays, WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) is available virtually everywhere. Thus, WLAN based indoor positioning and tracking is more economical than Bluetooth based ones. This paper proposes a new WLAN based EKF indoor tracking method by extending existing Bluetooth based EKF positioning method. After analyzing the experimental results of it, we modified it to use K-NN method in the measurement stage of it. Then we propose to further improve the accuracy of indoor tracking by adjusting the parameter values referring to the map information. Experimental results comparing our method with other previous methods are discussed.     

基于位置服务室内节点的信道分配模型与可信度评估

针对位置服务(LBS)在深度室内环境下将无法进行GPS定位问题,提出一种融合GPS、Wi-Fi、ZigBee和蓝牙混合的LBS室内节点信道分配模型和可信度评估与控制方法。信道分配模型解决了组合信道分配包括业务负载判据和每个节点的可用射频及非重叠的射频信道的数量问题。通过对每一个接入点(AP)的信号强度建立与参考点的信号强度的预测模型,采用基于能量度量优化算法判断选择组合信道可信度,自适应选择性能好的邻居节点参与迭代优化。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效抑制通信干扰误差在网络内的扩散,降低定位复杂度,提高定位精度,同时提高整个网络的扩展性与鲁棒性。     

Survey of WiFi positioning using time-based techniques

Estimating the position of mobile devices with high accuracy in indoor environments is of interest across a wide range of applications. Many methods and technologies have been proposed to solve the problem but, to date, there is no “silver bullet”. This paper surveys research conducted on indoor positioning using time-based approaches in conjunction with the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network standard (WiFi). Location solutions using this approach are particularly attractive due to the wide deployment of WiFi and because prior mapping is not needed. This paper provides an overview of the IEEE 802.11 standards and summarizes the key research challenges in 802.11 time-based positioning. The paper categorizes and describes the many proposals published to date, evaluating their implementation complexity and positioning accuracy. Finally, the paper summarizes the state-of-the-art and makes suggestions for future research directions.     

Location K-anonymity in indoor spaces

With the expansion of wireless-communication infrastructure and the evolution of indoor positioning technologies, the demand for location-based services (LBS) has been increasing in indoor as well as outdoor spaces. However, we should consider a significant challenge regarding the location privacy for realizing indoor LBS. To avoid violations of location privacy, much research has been performed, and location \(\mathcal {K}\)-anonymity has been intensively studied to blur a user location with a cloaking region involving at least \(\mathcal {K}-1\) locations of other persons. Owing to the differences between indoor and outdoor spaces, it is, however, difficult to apply this approach directly in an indoor space. First, the definition of the distance metric in indoor space is different from that in Euclidean and road-network spaces. Second, a bounding region, which is a general form of an anonymizing spatial region (ASR) in Euclidean space, does not respect the locality property in indoor space, where movement is constrained by building components. Therefore, we introduce the concept of indoor location \(\mathcal {K}\)-anonymity in this paper. Then, we investigate the requirements of ASR in indoor spaces and propose novel methods to determine the ASR, considering hierarchical structures of the indoor space. While indoor ASRs are determined at the anonymizer, we also propose processing methods for r-range queries and k-nearest-neighbor queries at a location-based service provider. We validate our methods with experimental analysis of query-processing performance and resilience against attacks in indoor spaces.     

Hybrid indoor and outdoor location services for new generation mobile terminals

In the last years, an increasing interest in location services characterized the market of mobile ubiquitous devices (smartphones, handhelds, etc.). Several technologies and solutions have been developed to determine the position of mobile devices in their operating space, each with its specific degree of precision and accuracy. In this scenario, the ideal location service should be able of tracking the mobile terminal in any place it moves to, both indoors and outdoors. However, while outdoor location services have already achieved a satisfactory degree of technological maturity and effectiveness, a really ubiquitous location service that works satisfactorily in both indoor and outdoor scenarios is not yet available. In order to cope with the above challenge, this work proposes a hybrid location approach designed to choose and switch among multiple positioning technologies supported by the mobile device and available in the surrounding environment, in a dynamic and transparent way during the user movement. It combines signal strength–based fingerprinting techniques for indoor positioning together with traditional GPS-based positioning for the outdoor localization and performs opportunistic technology switching according to a count-and-threshold mechanism. The resulting solution is able to leverage the different features of the wireless networks and of the global positioning technologies, in order to provide ubiquitous location services across indoor and outdoor scenarios, as well as to minimize power consumption of the mobile device.     

基于室内外定位的校园LBS研究

提出基于室内外定位的校园LBS平台总体框架,设计中心平台、移动终端和信息亭结构。给出室内定位系统,研究基于ZigBee的室内无线定位网络的部署原则和方法,建立基于室内外定位的校园LBS平台原型演示验证系统,该系统实现了终端定位、地图查询、三维浏览、导航与导游、跟踪监控、短信通知等功能。     

基于RFID的校园导航系统的设计与实现

随着GIS、LBS技术和移动互联网技术等核心技术的发展,服务于普通大众的个人导航系统成为应用热点。室内行走引导是个人导航系统的核心之一,其中涉及的室内定位技术一直是研究的难点之一。基于固定式RFID标签群,生成室内位置地图,将随身移动式RFID读写器和个人智能手机相结合,完成室内定位、路径计算和导航提醒。基于上述设计方案,完成了一个基于RFID的南京大学校园导航系统,并将其投入了实际使用。     

位置隐私保护技术综述

随着如智能手机和平板电脑等移动设备的普及,基于位置的服务(LBS)变得越来越流行,人们通过网络进行查询的同时,将自己的位置信息暴露给了LBS提供商。如何保护用户的位置信息不被潜在地泄露给LBS提供商,对一个LBS系统来说是至关重要的。目前关于LBS的隐私保护的研究已经取得了一定的成果,为了更深入地解决位置隐私保护技术中还没有解决的诸多问题,展开对相关课题的深入研究,从非k-匿名位置隐私技术、k-匿名位置隐私技术、P2P架构下的k-匿名技术和连续查询轨迹匿名技术四个方面对相关文献进行了综述,分别介绍了相关的算法。最后,总结了位置隐私保护技术当前存在的问题及未来的发展方向。     

利用信道状态信息的室内定位方法

室内定位是基于位置服务研究的关键问题,WIFI作为一种廉价易得的信号源被广泛应用在室内定位系统中。但是室内复杂环境造成同一点处的WIFI接收信号强度随时间变化范围较大,影响了基于WIFI接收信号强度的室内定位系统的性能。为了克服这个问题,提出了基于信道状态信息的室内定位方法。利用信道状态信息有效值非线性回归得出测量点与信号接入点之间的距离。利用测量点与多个不同信号接入点之间的距离回归出最后的定位结果。实验结果表明,相比典型的基于WIFI信号接收强度对数衰减模型的定位方法,方法有效提高了定位结果的准确度。     

基于Android平台的室内LBS系统设计与实现

为了使人们在各种各样的室内环境中,也能享受到定位服务带来的便利,基于Android手机平台通过采用RSSI定位的方法,设计和实现了一个LBS系统平台.该平台整合了室内定位的功能以及时下最流行的微博功能,使其他用户可以通过调用平台的接口,基于该平台设计出各种应用于不同环境的购物辅助系统.当消费者购物时可以通过该系统更方便的进行购物,从而使人们在室内环境下也能享受到普适计算带来的便利.通过一个实例验证了该系统的可行性及实用性.     

浅谈基于GPS与AGPS的双重定位

由于当前世界LBS（基于位置服务）的长足发展和Android手机用户的日益增加,为使手机的定位功能更加全面,LBS作为手机用户的一项增值业务,需要把GPS（全球卫星定位系统）技术和AGPS（辅助全球卫星定位系统）技术有机的结合起来。该文通过分析当前GPS技术和AGPS技术的优势和不足,以及所造成的对整个定位系统的影响。在这两种技术相结合的基础上去实现一个全新的Android智能手机定位系统,在这个系统下,既保留着GPS定位系统的优势,又通过与AGPS技术的结合,解决了GPS技术的缺陷。该文提出的GPS技术和AGPS技术相结合对整个定位系统都有很好的参考价值。     

Remote service discovery and binding architecture for soft real-time QoS in indoor location-based service

Indoor location-based service (LBS) is generally distinguished from web services that have no physical location and user context. In particular, various resources have dynamic and frequent mobility in indoor environments. In addition, an indoor LBS includes numerous service lookups being requested concurrently and frequently from several locations, even through a network infrastructure requiring high scalability in indoor environments. The traditional centralized LBS approach needs to maintain a geographical map of the entire building or complex in its central server, which can cause low scalability and traffic congestion. This paper presents a self-organizing and fully distributed indoor LBS platform with regional cooperation among devices. A service lookup algorithm based on the proposed distributed architecture searches for the shortest physical path to the nearest service resource. A continuous service binding mechanism guarantees a probabilistic real-time QoS regardless of dynamic and frequent mobility in a soft real-time system such as an indoor LBS. Performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm and platform is compared to the traditional centralized architecture in the experimental evaluation of scalability and real test bed environments.     

Location-based services deployment and demand: a roadmap model

The advancements in mobile, wireless and positioning technologies have enabled applications and services such as route guiding and emergency call-out assistance. These and other similar services have become known as ‘location-based services’ (LBS). The literature on LBS development and deployment addresses technological issues (for example, usability and integration) and issues related to LBS implementation—including LBS business models, adoption and customer concerns and requirements. In the study presented here LBS development and deployment were investigated from a case study perspective and the LBS landscape is explored and analyzed. The study finds that while the regulatory environment has played a critical role as a success factor in the markets investigated some of innovative business approaches may have been equally important as customer demand generators. Economies on the road to deploying LBS should therefore focus on creating a supportive environment encouraging the development of services, which meet the identified needs and requirements of the target customer market.     

基于惯导辅助地磁的手机室内定位系统设计

目前的室内定位技术大都是需要建立足够多的信号节点,这种有源信号受建筑物干扰衰减快导致其定位精度不足。为了避免这些存在的问题,通过深入研究室内定位方法,提出了基于惯导辅助地磁匹配的适用于手机移动终端的室内定位方法。有别于传统的室外定位系统,本文利用地球磁场在不同点的差异化信息,并通过选择适当的地磁匹配算法,可以实现不依赖于外部设备的移动个体室内定位,同时通过惯导辅助地磁的组合定位方式有效增加地磁信息匹配效率,能获得较高的室内定位的精度。最后设计了基于android平台的手机室内定位软件,可利用手机内置的传感器设备实现室内定位功能,仿真及实验显示该定位方法是有效的。     

基于多信号源融合的室内定位技术方案探讨

随着社会的发展,室内定位越来越重要。在室内定位技术基本原理的基础上,衍生出了多种技术方案。文章先讨论了当前主流的室内定位技术,然后提出一种基于Wi-Fi信号位置指纹技术和行人航迹推算技术相结合的室内定位系统,同时引入KNN算法、扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,提高了室内定位精度。     

室内射线跟踪定位方法研究*

几种常用的室内定位技术均存在各自的缺陷,很难用于复杂室内环境。提出了一个基于射线跟踪技术的室内定位模型,通过跟踪从发射机到接收机之间的所有传播路径,得出有效的定位参数,从而进行高精度定位。最后实验仿真证明了模型的有效性。     

基于室内外定位技术的消防应急指挥平台的设计与实现

针对目前高层建筑消防缺少室内定位和室内地图支持的问题,结合当前室内定位技术并利用GIS技术研发了一个消防应急指挥平台原型系统。该平台解决了室内外地图服务,室内外定位信息的跟踪显示以及消防员手持终端、指挥中心指挥系统及移动指挥系统间的信息共享与同步等关键问题。基于该平台,可为消防应急指挥和救援提供室内外地图及定位信息服务,对消防应急指挥能力的提升具有较高的应用价值和广泛的应用前景。     

A novel mobile recommender system for indoor shopping

With the widespread usage of mobile terminals, the mobile recommender system is proposed to improve recommendation performance, using positioning technologies. However, due to restrictions of existing positioning technologies, mobile recommender systems are still not being applied to indoor shopping, which continues to be the main shopping mode. In this paper, we develop a mobile recommender system for stores under the circumstance of indoor shopping, based on the proposed novel indoor mobile positioning approach by using received signal patterns of mobile phones, which can overcome the disadvantages of existing positioning technologies. Especially, the mobile recommender system can implicitly capture users’ preferences by analyzing users’ positions, without requiring users’ explicit inputting, and take the contextual information into consideration when making recommendations. A comprehensive experimental evaluation shows the new proposed mobile recommender system achieves much better user satisfaction than the benchmark method, without losing obvious recommendation performances.     

Internet of things: Survey on security

The Internet of things (IoT) is intended for ubiquitous connectivity among different entities or “things”. While it provides effective and efficient solutions to many real world challenges, the security aspect of it has always been questioned. The situation is further exacerbated by the number of connected devices growing exponentially. As a result, security and privacy has emerged as a significant challenge for the IoT. In this paper, we aim to provide a thorough survey on IoT security and privacy challenges from the perspective of technologies and architecture used. This work focuses on IoT intrinsic vulnerabilities and their implications to the fundamental information security challenges in confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The approach of this survey is to summarize and synthesize published work in IoT; relate it to the security conjuncture of the field; and project future research directions.     

基于精确时间测量的无线网络室内定位系统研究

随着IEEE 802.11-2016协议(也称为802.11mc)的精确时间测量(FTM)定位解决方案的引入,通过RTT往返时间来进行测距并进行定位的技术路线正在得到重视.目前提出的基于FTM的测距方案测距精度在视线环境下通常具有1～2 m的偏移误差,由于在802.11mc中,噪音不具备高斯性,精度的进一步提升存在着较...