A cross-layer middleware for context-aware cooperative application on mobile ad hoc peer-to-peer network

Mobile ad hoc peer-to-peer (P2P) applications become popular for providing the file sharing, voice communicating, and video streaming services due to entertainments and disaster recovery. However, both the topology of wireless network and the overlay of P2P network are dynamic, so the middleware is proposed to integrate such architectures of service-oriented applications. Therefore, we propose context-aware cooperative application (CACA) to overcome the frequent churn and high mobility problems. CACA proposes a cross-layer middleware to integrate DHT-based lookup, anycast query, and P2P delivery via the IPv6 routing header. Through anycast query, the response delay can be shortened and the query duplication can be minimized. Via IPv6 routing header, the delivery efficiency can be improved. Through the cross-layer design, the finger table in overlay layer is combined with the routing table in network layer to heighten proximity. The simulation results demonstrate that CACA has the outstanding performances of short download delay, high playback continuity, and low signaling overhead in mobile ad hoc network.     

基于子树间快捷连接的非结构化P2P资源搜索方法

通过对非结构化P2P网络资源搜索方法的研究,提出了一种P2P覆盖网络。网络采用多路平衡树形拓扑结构,当新节点加入时在其与根节点的各子树间创建仅参与查询消息第一跳转发的快捷连接,搜索过程中利用快捷连接实现查询消息在根的各子树间并行转发并且不依赖根节点。仿真比较了所提网络同Gnutella和随机漫步网络的性能,所提网络具有低消息冗余率、高搜索成功率和较低的平均搜索时间复杂度。分析结果表明所提网络在资源搜索方面是高效可行的。     

Moving routing protocols to the user space in MANET middleware

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) middleware must be aware of the underlying multi-hop topology to self-adapt and to improve its communication efficiency. For this reason, many approaches rely on specific cross-layer communications to interact with the network protocols in the kernel space. But these solutions break the strict layering of the network stack and hinder the portability of middleware and applications.The main argument of this paper is to move the routing protocols to the user space to simplify the development, testing, deployment and portability of middleware and applications. If routing is just another software component in the user space, cross-layering can be elegantly solved using advanced software engineering techniques like component frameworks and explicit APIs. As a consequence, a slight performance cost must be paid to achieve portability and easy deployment. But we will demonstrate that the performance obtained by a user-space routing protocol is satisfactory for a wide range of applications.We have implemented the unicast MANET OLSR protocol in Java (jOLSR) and, on top of it, we have created a novel overlay multicast protocol (OMOLSR). We have then integrated both routing protocols (jOLSR, OMOLSR) as software components in a well-known group communication toolkit (JGroups). Modifying the JGroups toolkit, we have devised a topology-aware group communication middleware for MANETs (MChannel). In our MChannel middleware, group membership is obtained directly from OMOLSR multicast trees and failure detection is obtained from jOLSR active probing. We have validated our approach in several real testbeds to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our middleware.     

类Gnutella网络文本检索研究

提出类Gnutella网络文本检索的方法,借助文本聚类技术构建无结构P2P语义覆盖网,每个节点维护一定数量的短程连接和长程连接邻居节点,使P2P网络具有小世界特性。邻居节点的更新在查询和应答的交互中进行,节点能动态快速地了解网络的拓扑情况。实验结果表明,小世界P2P网络具有较大的聚类系数、较小的特征路径长度和较高的文本检索查全率。     

A complex event routing infrastructure for distributed systems

With the growing number of mega services and cloud computing platforms, industrial organizations are utilizing distributed data centers at increasing rates. Rather than the request/reply model, these centers use an event-based communication model. Traditionally, the event-based middleware and the Complex Event Processing (CEP) engine are viewed as two distinct components within a distributed system’s architecture. This division adds additional system complexity and reduces the ability for consuming applications to fully utilize the CEP toolset. This article will address these issues by proposing a novel event-based middleware solution. We introduce Complex Event Routing Infrastructure (CERI), a single event-based infrastructure that serves as an event bus and provides first class integration of CEP. An unstructured peer-to-peer network is exploited to allow for efficient event transmission. To reduce network flooding, superpeers and overlay network partitioning are introduced. Additionally, CERI provides each client node the capability of local complex query evaluation. As a result, applications can offload internal logic to the query evaluation engine in an efficient manner. Finally, as more client nodes and event types are added to the system, the CERI can scale up. Because of these favorable scaling properties, CERI serves as a foundational step in bringing event-based middleware and CEP closer together into a single unified infrastructure component.     

基于跨层机制的无线自组对等网

在无线自组对等网的构建中,采用跨层设计机制,对传统Chord组网协议进行改进。将接收信号的能量用于估计节点之间的距离,用节点的指针表信息对网内节点分布的疏密进行估计,获得一个兼顾逻辑网与物理网之间匹配和系统负载平衡的节点标号,提出一种新型无线自组对等网构建方法。仿真结果表明,在基于该方法的无线自组对等网中,资源定位路径缩短,时延和丢包率减小,网络的负载能力得到了提高。     

GrouPeer: Dynamic clustering of P2P databases

Sharing structured data in a P2P network is a challenging problem, especially in the absence of a mediated schema. The standard practice of answering a consecutively rewritten query along the propagation path often results in significant loss of information. On the opposite, the use of mediated schemas requires human interaction and global agreement, both during creation and maintenance. In this paper we present GrouPeer, an adaptive, automated approach to both issues in the context of unstructured P2P database overlays. By allowing peers to individually choose which rewritten version of a query to answer and evaluate the received answers, information-rich sources left hidden otherwise are discovered. Gradually, the overlay is restructured as semantically similar peers are clustered together. Experimental results show that our technique produces very accurate answers and builds clusters that are very close to the optimal ones by contacting a very small number of nodes in the overlay.     

一种支持MMOG的可伸缩P2P覆盖网络架构

针对网络游戏独特的伸缩性和局部性需求,提出一种支持MMOG的可伸缩P2P覆盖网络架构SPOAR( scalable P2P overlay architecture).SPOAR在结构化P2P覆盖网络方案分级设计的基础上采用基于MANET的非结构化P2P节点拓扑组织方案来维护节点在游戏世界的邻居拓扑及进行邻点发现.实验表明SPOAR覆盖网络架构在保持全局连通性的同时提高了系统的伸缩性,SPOAR的拓扑一致性算法和容错实现机制能够较好的适应MMOG的动态性.     

SSON：一种基于结构化P2P网络路由的语义覆盖网络结构

本文基于结构化P2P网络路由机制,采用基于主题划分的方法,提出了基于结构化P2P网络路由的语义覆盖网络SSON。SSON通过结构化P2P网络的标识符映射机制,根据资源类别将结点组织成层次化的覆盖网络,该覆盖网络结构确保搜索限制在与查询主题相关的局部结点子集中。该结构充分利用了结构化P2P网络的优点,解决了基于非结构化P2P网络建立的语义覆盖网络的对主题群的搜索低效问题,同时克服了结构化P2P网络仅支持精确匹配查找的缺点,为结构化P2P网络提供了可靠、高效的语义查询机制,极大地提高了查全率。     

非结构化P2POverlay拓扑结构分析

一个合理的P2Poverlay可以为P2P应用提供更好的支持。非结构化P2Poverlay的构建比较简单随意,适合于信息发布、即时通讯等节点随时加入退出的情况。构建具有可扩展性和稳健性的网络拓扑,是非结构化P2Poverlay的研究热点之一。文章首先介绍了几种典型的非结构化P2Poverlay,然后与以往研究不同,通过GT-ITM建模分析了每种P2Poverlay拓扑结构的性能,主要分析了不同拓扑结构节点的度、最短路径分布、节点发现概率及结构的健壮性等,该工作对构造合理的P2Poverlay拓扑结构和P2P系统的研究具有重要意义。     

基于三角划分的复杂3D山体表面定位算法

在复杂环境下, 网络呈现出三维分布、链路非确定、应用场景异构、部署区域非结构化等新特点, 传统的定位技术已无法适用。不规则的网络形状很可能导致不准确的传感器节点定位结果, 从而导致定位误差较大。提出一种基于三角划分和MDS的3D节点定位算法。首先, 基于三角划分的方法将不规则的3D网络模型分解为若干个较规则的三角区域; 其次, 在每一个三角区域上采用改进的MDS算法对节点进行定位, 从而建立起局部相对位置地图; 最后, 合并三角子区域, 建立起整个网络全局的位置地图。实验结果表明, 该算法有效地提高了定位精度, 具有一定的实用意义。     

基于节点兴趣的非结构化P2P网络拓扑结构研究

针对非结构化P2P网络中资源搜索算法搜索效率低、冗余消息量过多等问题,结合非结构化P2P网络拓扑结构特点,提出一种基于节点兴趣的完全二叉树（CBT-BI）非结构化P2P覆盖网络拓扑结构。在兴趣相似度高的节点之间建立逻辑连接,根据兴趣相似度值在完全二叉树中按序排列;在资源搜索过程中,使用基于洪泛算法的双向资源搜索方法。仿真结果表明,该拓扑结构使得节点能在短时间内查找到有效的资源,减少查询消息量,缩短了平均路由路径,提高了资源搜索效率。     

基于分段的分布式服务部署和查找

P2P网络由于其良好的可扩展性非常适合于规模日渐扩大的互联网,服务查找成为它的基本问题。该文提出一种基于分段的分布式的服务查找方法,主要特点是给定了一个关键字,可以在有限的跳数范围内,找到部署有这个关键字的overlay节点,得到查询结果,并且最大的查找跳数与网络大小无关。     

基于混合P2P网络模型的语义检索方法研究

在语义理解的基础上检索出满足用户需求的信息,是P2P走向更广泛应用的关键技术之一.提出了一种支持语义的混合P2P网络模型M-Chord,采用基于元数据规范模板(MST)的语义描述模型,结合Chord和语义覆盖网的技术特点,对基于MST的语义覆盖网动态生成方法进行了设计,提出了语义扩展路由的概念,并在上述研究的基础上提出了语义检索方法.通过实验分析表明,M-Chord具有较好的扩展性和语义检索性能.     

Laurel:一种混合式数据分发覆盖网

覆盖网是各种数据分发应用的基础架构.在节点波动的网络环境中实现快速而准确的数据分发,对覆盖网提出了两个要求:高效的数据路由;较强的系统鲁棒性.已有的覆盖网构建方法多侧重于某个方面的优化,因而未能充分权衡数据路由效率与系统鲁棒性.提出了一种混合式数据分发覆盖网--Laurel.Laurel通过簇间多重结构化拓扑与簇内非结...     

大规模MANET路由协议SPDSR的仿真研究

为改善大规模自组织网络中的通信质量,介绍了一种基于P2P(peer-to-peer,P2P)计算模式的新型MANET路由模型——SPDSR (structured peer computing based dynamic source routing)[1].根据移动自组网和对等网络的特点,对结构化P2P覆盖层网络技术应用到移动自组织网络路由中的可行性及原理进行了说明,在此基础上设计实现了该算法.最后通过NS2仿真工具对新协议进行了仿真,并与其他协议进行比较.实验结果表明,新协议在大规模网络中的性能优于其它协议,具有较强的可扩展性,研究结果为改善大规模网络的通信质量提供了可行的解决方案.     

无结构P2P覆盖网络的拓扑优化

研究了全分布无结构P2P(peer-to-peer)网络拓扑的最优化问题.通常认为,无结构P2P网络拓扑属于Power-Law结构.然而,Power-Law并非对所有应用都是最好的选择.首先研究了无结构P2P覆盖网络结构对无结构P2P搜索的影响,给出了结点度分布、访问频率模式和搜索成功率之间的关系.然后基于数据访问频率分布,给出了结点度的优化分布模型.实验结果表明,该无结构P2P拓扑优化结构在提高搜索成功率方面是有效的.该工作对构造合理的覆盖网络拓扑具有重要意义,同时将加深对无结构P2P环境下数据部署问题的认识.     

非结构化P2P覆盖网络通信协议研究

针对各种基于流言机制的通信协议在构造非结构化P2P覆盖网络中,其适用范围缺乏广泛的实证问题,提出了一个通用的协议框架——基于流言机制的节点采样服务,以执行高效和可靠的节点采样服务。在这种协议框架下通过实验分析了8种通信协议的差异。实验表明,采用不同的通信协议,所构造的非结构化P2P覆盖网络就表现出多种不同的行为特性,为构造非结构化P2P覆盖网络中选取通信协议提供了重要的参考依据。     

WOW: Self-organizing Wide Area Overlay Networks of Virtual Workstations

This paper describes WOW, a distributed system that combines virtual machine, overlay networking and peer-to-peer techniques to create scalable wide-area networks of virtual workstations for high-throughput computing. The system is architected to: facilitate the addition of nodes to a pool of resources through the use of system virtual machines (VMs) and self-organizing virtual network links; to maintain IP connectivity even if VMs migrate across network domains; and to present to end-users and applications an environment that is functionally identical to a local-area network or cluster of workstations. We describe IPOP, a network virtualization technique that builds upon a novel, extensible user-level decentralized technique to discover, establish and maintain overlay links to tunnel IP packets over different transports (including UDP and TCP) and across firewalls. We evaluate latency and bandwidth overheads of IPOP and also time taken for a new node to become fully-routable over the virtual network. We also report on several experiments conducted on a testbed WOW deployment with 118 P2P router nodes over PlanetLab and 33 VMware-based VM nodes distributed across six firewalled domains. Experiments show that the testbed delivers good performance for two unmodified, representative benchmarks drawn from the life-sciences domain. We also demonstrate that the system is capable of seamlessly maintaining connectivity at the virtual IP layer for typical client/server applications (NFS, SSH, PBS) when VMs migrate across a WAN.     

P2P网络中一种基于进化博弈的资源配置模型

合理的资源配置能够有效地改进非结构化P2P网络的查询性能,提高资源副本的可获得性.当前,资源配置研究多集中在各种类型资源副本的定量分析和分布式配置策略上,节点独立地选择资源副本进行配置,并未考虑节点间配置行为的交互作用.P2P网络中节点只维护若干与邻居节点的连接,掌握局部信息,因而在交互过程中可将节点视为有限理性节点.在分析查询性能与节点资源配置行为之间关系的基础上,构造查询性能相关的节点收益函数,将资源配置问题模型化为一种进化博弈,通过对进化过程的描述能够有效分析节点在资源配置过程中的交互关系以及可获得的查询性能.仿真实验结果表明,资源配置进化模型可获得更高的查询成功率和近似最优的平均查询跳数,且保持相对较低的冗余度.