Modeling texture development during cold rolling of IF steel by crystal plasticity finite element method

With the consideration of slip deformation mechanism and various slip systems of body centered cubic (BCC) metals,Taylor-type and finite element polycrystai models were embedded into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS to realize crystal plasticity finte element modeling,based on the rate dependent crystal constitutive equations.Initial orientations measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were directly input into the crystal plasticity finite element model to simulate the development of rolling texture of interstitial-flee steel (IF steel) at various reductions.The modeled results show a good agreement with the experimental results.With increasing reduction,the predicted and experimental rolling textures tend to sharper,and the results simulated by the Taylor-type model are stronger than those simulated by finite element model.Conclusions are obtained that rolling textures calculated with 48 {110}<111>+{ 112}<111>+{123}<111> slip systems are more approximate to EBSD results.     

IF钢生产过程中的织构演变

对IF钢生产过程中热轧、冷轧及退火试样的织构演变进行研究。分别借助EBSD和XRD测定和计算了热轧、退火及冷轧试样的取向分布函数及相关织构组分的体积分数。结果发现,热轧板在变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,晶粒为细小的等轴晶,为后续组织发展提供了基础;热轧后试样中的织构很弱,不会影响冷轧织构组分及含量。冷轧过程是织构形成的主要过程,试样中含有4种主要的织构组分：{001}〈110〉、{111}〈110〉、{111}〈112〉和{112}〈110〉。退火过程中发生再结晶,4种冷轧织构组分在退火过程中均分别转变为{111}面织构。     

蚀坑法研究冷轧及退火工艺对无取向硅钢织构演变的影响

以太原钢铁公司经酸洗后的热轧低硅板卷为实验材料,采用蚀坑法研究了一定退火工艺及不同冷轧工艺对无取向硅钢织构的影响,结果表明,总变形量及退火工艺是影响织构形成的重要因素,采用可逆轧制方法(冷轧总变形量控制在70%左右,分8道次完成,并且平均分配各道次压下率)和890 ℃加热,保温4 min,然后水冷,可以获得较高的{100}面系织构组分占有率的无取向硅钢.     

冷轧无取向硅钢的实验研究

采用正交实验法进行了模拟实验,研究冷轧及退火工艺参数对无取向硅钢的晶粒度及显微硬度的影响,得到了无取向硅钢最佳冷轧及退火工艺．     

Microstructure and texture evolution in commercial-purity Zr 702 during cold rolling and annealing

Microstructure and texture evolution in commercial-purity Zr 702 during cold rolling and annealing was investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that crystallographic slip was the predominant deformation mechanism in the early stage of deformation. Deformation twins started to form when the rolling reduction was larger than 38.9%; both the dislocation density and the number of twins increased with increasing rolling reduction. The initial texture of the Zr 702 plate consisted of the basal fiber component. During cold rolling the strength of the basal fiber first decreased and then increased with increasing rolling reduction. The cold-rolled sheets were fully recrystallized after being annealed at 550℃. The recrystallization temperature and the size of recrystallized grains decreased with increasing rolling reduction. A larger rolling reduction resulted in a higher grain growth rate when the annealing temperature increased from 550℃ to 700℃. The recrystallization texture was characterized by a major basal fiber and a minor {0113}〈2110〉 component. The strength of the recrystallization texture increased with increasing rolling reduction.     

Effects of cold rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Mn-Mo-Ti-Cr maraging steels

Effects of cold rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Mn-Mo-Ti-Cr maraging steels were studied.To investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,tensile test,and hardness test were used.The results show that the solution-annealing treatment in the cold-rolled steel redounds to the formation of submicrocrystalline Fe2(Mo,Ti)Laves phase particles,which are stable at high temperatures.These secondary Laves phase particles prevent from recrystallization at high temperatures and correspond to semi-brittle fiacture in the subsequent aging treatment.     

Influence of texture pretreatment on cold rolling texture of ELC-BH sheet

In order to further investigate how cold rolling texture is produced in an extra low-carbon and high strengthbake-hardening sheet steel (for short, hereafter, coiled ELC-BH sheet) with r value as high as 2.67, texture change intexture pretreatment and its effects on the cold rolling texture are researched by means of Orientation Distribution Funchon (ODf) method. Experimental results show that the cold rolling texture which Produces very strong {111 } annealing texture actually is caused by texture change in the texture pretreatment, and the strong {111 } texture obtainedrough this texture pretreatment is an essential condition of engendering the cold rolling texture, while the stability of{111 } texture components in cold rolling is a sufficient condition of emerging thes one.     

坯料质量对冷轧带肋钢筋性能的影响

通过在生产实验中测得的数据,分析了坯料质量对冷轧带肋钢筋性能的影响,指出要提高冷轧带肋钢筋的性能,必须重视对坯料的选择。     

Experimental study on Ti+Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening sheet steel hot-rolled in the ferrite region

A Ti+Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening sheet steel hot-rolled in the conventional austenite region and in the ferrite region with lubrication was experimentally studied.Subsequent cold rolling and continuous annealing processes were also conducted.The results show that microstructures of ultra-low carbon bake hardening hot strips at room temperature are basically irregular polygonal ferrites.The yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,n value,and r value of the No.2 specimen hot-rolled in the ferr...     

Texture evolution of 440 MPa grade Nb-bearing high strength IF steel during rolling and annealing process

The texture evolution from rolling process to annealing process of 440 MPa grade Nb-bearing high strength IF steel (IF-HSS) was studied. Moreover, the texture of different section in thickness direction of steel sheet after annealing was investigated. Macro-texture measurements using XRD shows that hot rolling texture in Nb-bearing IF-HSS includes a weak γ-fiber and α-fiber, of which main texture components are {001}<110>,{111}<110> and {111}<112>. It is worthy of note that the γ-fiber skeleton line formed after hot rolling. During cold rolling, the absolute maximum shifts to {111}<112> along the γ-fiber and the maximum along the α-fiber shifts to {112} <110>. During recrystallization annealing process, the weaker α-fiber and stronger γ-fiber cold rolling texture transformed to a very strong γ-fiber annealing texture. After annealing the main components from surface to mid-section along thickness display the same character for both α-fiber and γ-fiber, while textures intensity at 1/4 section is higher than that of surface and mid-section.     

Texture evolution of commercial pure Ti during cold rolling and recrystallization annealing

X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyze the texture evolution of commercial pure (CP) Ti during cold rolling and re-crystallization annealing. The texture components were measured by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) after recrystallization an-nealing. The CP Ti tends to form a texture with the basal pole tilted 30°-40° away from the normal direction toward the transverse direction. The texture of the initial hot-rolled plate can be classified into three kinds, i.e., the pyramid texture and , the basal plane texture , and the stronger prism texture . After cold rolling and annealing (700°C, 60 min), the main texture components are the cold-rolled texture and the recrystallized texture . The texture is in-herited from the texture of the initial hot-rolled plate with the decrease of orientation density gradually. The volume contents of the cold-rolled texture and the recrystallized texture are calculated by EBSD. After recrystallization annealing, the specimen is rich in the recrystallized texture and inherits some of texture components from the cold-rolled texture. When the annealing time is prolonged, the anisotropic value decreases.     

5052铝合金轧制织构演变的定量分析

采用X射线衍射仪研究了5052铝合金在冷轧过程中织构的演变规律,建立了织构体积分数与轧制真应变的数学关系式。结果表明,在冷轧过程中初始的cube织构逐渐转化为纤维轧制织构,随冷轧压下量的增加,cube、r-cube、remainder和r-Goss组分的体积分数减少,而纤维组分的体积分数增加;织构体积分数与轧制真应变的数学关系式能很好地模拟铝合金轧制过程中织构的演变;分析了轧制过程中不同织构组分的演变速率,发现随轧制真应变的增加,纤维组分的形成速率先增加而后降低。     

张力异步轧制对高压电解电容器阳极铝箔织构的影响

研究了张力异步轧制参数以及再结晶退火对高压电解电容器用高纯铝箔织构的影响．结果表明：张力异步轧制条件下,快、慢辊各织构的含量随速比的变化不明显,立方织构含量不高,而S织构和C织构的含量增加．再结晶退火后,张力异步轧制铝箔的快、慢辊侧立方织构、旋转立方织构以及有利织构之和较无张力条件均有所增加．     

Microstructure, cold rolling, heat treatment, and mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloys

The magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy exhibits two phase structures between 5.7wt% and 10.3wt% Li contents, consisting of the α (hcp) Mg-rich and the β (bcc) Li-rich phases, at room temperature. In the experiment, Mg-5Li-2Zn, Mg-9Li-2Zn, Mg-16Li-2Zn, Mg-22Li-2Zn, Mg-5Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-16Li-2Zn-2Ca, and Mg-22Li-2Zn-2Ca (wt%) were melted. During the melting process, the flux, which was composed of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF) in the proportion of 3:1 (mass ratio) and argon gas were used to protect the alloys from oxidation. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and cold-rolling workability of the wrought alloys were studied. The crystal grain of the alloys (adding Ga) is fine. The hardness of the studied alloys decreases with an increase in element Li. The density of the studied alloys is in the range of 1.187 to 1.617 g/cm3. The reduction of the Mg-16Li-2Zn and Mg-22Li-2Zn alloys can exceed 85% at room temperature. The Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy was heat treated at 300°C for 8, 12, 16, and 24 h, respectively. The optimum heat treatment of the Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy is 300°C×12h by metallographic observation and by studying the mechanical properties of the alloys.     

控轧控冷工艺参数对高碳钢SWRH77B组织的影响

在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上测定高碳钢SWRH77B的连续冷却转变（CCT）曲线,并利用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析其终轧温度、冷却速度下的组织演变和相变规律。结果表明,随着冷却速度的加快,高碳钢SWRH77B在950℃变形时,其珠光体的片层间距变细;冷却速度达到5℃/s时,有马氏体组织析出。高碳钢SWRH77B在终轧温度为950℃、冷却速度约为4℃/s时,其珠光体的片层间距约为97 nm,索氏体含量达到95.7%左右,表明此时的组织为最佳索氏体组织。     

Modeling of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during hot-strip rolling of Nb steels

An integrated metallurgical model was developed for Nb steels to predict the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during the hot-strip rolling and cooling process. On the basis of the industrial data, the transformation kinetics, strength, and elongation rate were evaluated for different chemical compositions and processing parameters. The yield strength and tensile strength increase with increasing Nb content or decreasing finishing temperature. The bainite distributed in finer ferrite matrix, which is produced at relatively low coiling temperatures, can greatly increase the strength of steel, especially tensile strength, thereby decreasing the yield ratio. A reasonable agreement was found between the predicted and measured results. It indicates that the present models can be used to simulate the actual production process.     

钢结构仿古建筑双梁柱中节点的受力机理

为研究钢结构仿古建筑双梁柱中节点的抗震性能,对4个全焊双梁柱中节点进行了水平低周反复加载试验。通过观测试件在侧向力作用下的受力过程和破坏形态,分析双梁柱中节点的受力机理。根据梁截面形式的不同,将其分为箱型截面梁与工字型截面梁2类,依据仿古建筑独特的构造特点,将各试件节点核心区划分为上、中、下3个区域。通过量测各区域内的应变大小,分析该类结构节点核心区在侧向力作用下的受理机理及破坏模式,并建立双梁柱节点的斜压杆受力模型。试验结果表明:仿古建筑双梁柱节点的破坏形式主要为沿下核心区对角线的剪切破坏,并通过理论计算分析提出一种考虑轴压比与梁截面形式的双梁柱中节点抗剪承载力修正公式。     

微碳钢铁素体区热轧试验研究

在连铸连轧生产线采用铁素体轧制技术制备微碳钢热轧薄板,并对所制备薄板的组织、性能及织构进行分析。结果表明：铁素体轧制微碳钢热轧薄板的组织为完全再结晶铁素体,平均晶粒尺寸50 m左右。相对于常规奥氏体轧制,铁素体轧制薄板的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别下降了21%和6%,延伸率略有下降。热轧薄板的塑性应变比值为0.4,明显低于常规奥氏体轧制。薄板中存在较强的{001}织构是导致值较低的主要原因。     

Hot deformation behavior of a Cr-containing low carbon steel in the ferrite range

A low carbon steel with Cr addition of 0.46wt% combined with trace elements of Mn and Ti was studied.The apparent activation energy of deformation and the hot deformation equation of the steel in the ferritic range were determined by means of single hot compression tests.The hot-rolled strip of 3 mm in thickness rolled in the ferritic range was obtained using a laboratory hot rolling mill.The mechanical properties show that the values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are 230 and 330 MPa,respe...