异氰尿酸三苄基酯的合成研究

采用Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺作溶剂，异氰尿酸、苄氯为原料合成了异氰尿酸三苄基酯。通过正交实验得最佳反应条件为原料摩尔比异氰尿酸∶苄氯∶三乙胺＝１∶３．１∶３．２，反应温度１６０℃，反应时间４ｈ，溶剂ＤＭＦ６．５ｍｌ／ｇ异氰尿酸。该条件下产率达８５％以上     

三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯的合成与表征

以异氰尿酸和氯丙烯为原料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,季铵盐为催化剂,合成三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯(TAIC),并考察了合成工艺参数对收率的影响,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)、红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振碳谱(13CNMR)对目标产物进行表征。结果表明,在n(异氰尿酸)∶n(氯丙烯)=1∶4,氯丙烯滴加温度100℃,滴加时间2 h,反应温度120℃,反应时间1.5 h,四甲基氯化铵作催化剂的条件下,收率可达93.3%(以异氰尿酸计),纯度为97.9%(HPLC)。     

三(环氧丙基)异氰尿酸酯的合成

采用2步法合成了三(环氧丙基)异氰尿酸酯(TGIC),研究了物料配比、催化剂、反应时间、反应温度、反应时真空度等对产率的影响,得到了如下工艺条件:采用四甲基氯化铵作催化剂,原料配比为:n(氰尿酸)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=1∶18;第1步反应时间为6h;第2步反应时间为1 5h;第1步反应温度90℃;第2步反应真空度0 09MPa,产率95%以上。     

二氯异氰尿酸及钠盐的研制

用二氯异氰尿酸中和法制备二氯异氰尿酸钠,并通过正交试验确定了主要反应工序--氰尿酸二钠盐氯化反应的最佳反应条件:反应温度15 ℃,反应时间2 h,氰尿酸浓度85 g·L-1,原料CA与NaOH的摩尔比为1∶2,产品的平均收率为86%.     

（三缩水甘油基）异氰尿酸酯的合成

以三聚氰尿酸和环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了（三缩水甘油基）异氰尿酸酯，较优工艺条件为：反应物配比ＣＡ：ＥＣＨ＝１：１７￣２０（ｍｏｌ），催化剂用量为０．０４￣０．０６ｍｏｌ，ＮａＯＨ为３．４ｍｏｌ，溶解促进剂为２．２￣４ｍｏｌ，合成反应时间为２．５ｈ。反应收率约７０％。     

三(环氧丙基)异氰尿酸丙烯酸酯的合成及应用

以三(环氧丙基)异氰尿酸酯作为树脂基体,经丙烯酸加成酯化,得到了三官能团环氧丙基异氰尿酸丙烯酸酯(TGICA)。研究了催化剂种类、原料配比、阻聚剂种类、酯化温度及反应时间对产物性能的影响。结果表明,合成TGICA的最优化条件为:n(TGIC)/n(AA)=1∶2 79;催化剂为N,N-二甲基苯胺;阻聚剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚;反应温度(105±2)℃;反应时间3h。丙烯酸的转化率可达到99 7%。应用研究表明TGI CA是一种性能优异,价格低廉且合成方法简单的紫外光固化涂料成膜树脂。     

合成异氰尿酸新工艺

本文研究了以熔盐作溶剂从尿素合成异氰尿酸的工艺条件。最佳工艺条件下产物收率在83～88%。     

三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯的合成研究

研究了用环氧乙烷在常压下合成三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯的方法。探讨了原料配比、反应温度、溶剂、催化剂等对反应的影响,并对溶剂的回收利用做了研究。讨论了产品的后处理工艺。通过红外光谱和核磁共振谱分析表征了化合物的结构。     

季铵碱催化体系下异氰尿酸三缩水甘油酯的合成及性能

采用二步工艺法合成了异氰尿酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)。探讨了相转移催化剂的种类、用量、反应温度和反应时间对产品收率及性能的影响。结果表明,采用四甲基氢氧化铵作为相转移催化剂,其用量为氰尿酸质量的3%,在第一步合成反应温度为1 10℃,反应时间1.5 h,第二步环化反应温度为35℃,反应时间70 min的条件下,TGIC产品的收率达到90%以上。将自制TGIC作为固化剂加入纯聚酯树脂,所得涂膜的各项性能均与使用进口产品所得的涂膜相当。     

聚三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯的合成研究

采用卤代烃为溶剂和调聚剂,在引发剂存在下,使三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯(TAIC)预聚,制备了一种新型的热固性树脂聚三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯(P-TAIC),其溴值为100g～140g/g,软化点大于200℃。讨论了引发剂、溶剂、单体浓度对预聚反应的影响,测定了预聚反应的平均转化率约为40%,考察了未聚合单体的循环使用情况。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。