0.14 THz大功率回旋行波管前级激励源粒子模拟研究

以折叠波导行波管作为大功率回旋行波管的前级激励信号源,利用电磁仿真软件HFSS和粒子模拟软件(CST粒子工作室),对0.14 THz微电真空折叠波导行波管慢波结构的色散特性、耦合阻抗进行计算分析,然后对折叠波导行波管束波互作用过程进行粒子模拟,最后通过粒子模拟得到该折叠波导行波管的增益、工作电压、电流等工作特性参数。在电压为13.9 kV、电流为16 mA,输入功率为5 mW的条件下,输出功率为5 W,线性增益为30 dB,带宽3.7 GHz,最大输出功率为6.2 W,该结果为0.14 THz大功率回旋行波管实现kW量级的功率输出提供功率足够的前级馈入信号奠定了基础。     

E波段折叠矩形槽波导行波管的研究

分析了一种适用于E波段81~86 GHz空间行波管的新型慢波结构——折叠矩形槽波导.折叠矩形槽波导来源于传统的矩形槽波导,将E面沿其纵向来回弯曲而形成.利用电磁场仿真软件Ansoft HFSS设计优化并最终确定了E波段折叠矩形槽波导的关键几何尺寸.同时,模拟仿真出了折叠矩形槽波导在中心频率f=83.5 GHz处的耦合阻抗沿x和y方向上的变化趋势,得出其可通过加载带状电子注获得更高的平均耦合阻抗.利用CST粒子工作室模拟得出:折叠矩形槽波导行波管在中心频点83.5 GHz处输出功率为210 W,电子效率达到8.05%.     

0.22 THz折叠波导行波管设计

在一支0.22 THz折叠波导行波管样管的模拟设计和实验研究基础上,对该样管进行了优化设计。对慢波损耗特性、慢波结构的尺寸冗余度进行了研究,对结构加工进行了进一步的考虑,对样管的实验研究进行了详细讨论并论述了新慢波结构的设计。采用HFSS软件结合大信号理论计算进行模拟,结果表明,折叠波导行波管的输出功率不低于100 mW,带宽不低于5 GHz。     

W波段多种槽加载折叠波导行波管的研究

该文提出了3种槽加载折叠波导行波管慢波结构:三角形、梯形和燕尾形槽加载折叠波导。分析比较了不同槽形状对慢波结构的色散特性和耦合阻抗的影响。利用粒子模拟的方法对W波段4种槽加载折叠波导行波管的非线性注-波互作用进行了研究;在相同的电子注参数和输入功率的条件下,对输出功率、电子效率和增益等参量进行了比较。在多种槽加载结构中,梯形槽加载折叠波导输出功率(255 W)和增益(37.1 dB)最大,电子效率最高(10.7%);燕尾形槽加载折叠波导达到饱和所需要的互作用电路最短(64.2 mm);三角形槽加载折叠波导的3 dB带宽最宽。     

0.22THz折叠波导行波管放大器理论分析与数值模拟

为了解折叠波导行波管放大器的性能影响因素,在理论分析的基础上,对0.22 THz折叠波导行波管放大器进行系统的数值模拟与分析,重点讨论电子束压、束流、输入信号功率、结构周期数、材料电导率、引导磁场大小、电子能散度以及发射度对器件输出功率水平的影响.发现束压存在最佳工作范围,增加束流可以有效提高器件增益;输入信号不宜过强...     

E波段折叠波导行波管集成极靴结构设计及仿真

为进一步提升毫米波折叠波导行波管的输出功率,通过整体加工的工艺方法,将折叠波导慢波结构和周期永磁聚焦系统在母材上同时加工,形成一种集成极靴结构。基于圆形注电子光学系统,设计了E波段折叠波导行波管的集成极靴结构。利用三维电磁场模拟软件(CST)的微波工作室,设计并模拟了慢波结构的冷特性参数,并根据慢波结构尺寸设计周期永磁聚焦系统。通过电磁工作环境仿真软件(OPERA)对磁场进行仿真验证,最终整管粒子数值模拟(PIC)计算结果表明,在61~71 GHz频带内可获得大于1 kW的饱和输出功率。该集成极靴结构在提供强轴向磁场的同时,具有结构紧凑、散热性好等优点。     

折叠波导慢波结构特性的研究

应用电磁场仿真软件对折叠波导慢波结构进行理论分析、结构设计和数值模拟。计算和分析了折叠波导的色散特性和散射参量,根据折叠波导特殊结构采用了整体极靴结构。模拟得出了折叠波导的周期磁场,通过调节磁场大小对电子注进行有效聚焦,并得到了电子束在磁场中的运动轨迹。结果表明,折叠波导是一种很适合用作毫米波大功率行波管的慢波结构。     

W波段行波管功率提升研究

行波管为发射机提供放大信号,其输出功率直接决定着系统的作用距离,是系统的核心部件之一。本文从提升电子效率和电子注功率两方面开展研究,以提升W波段行波管输出功率。基于折叠波导互用电路相速跳变设计,研制出8 GHz带宽内输出功率大于250 W的W波段行波管。提出非半圆弯曲折叠波导与相速跳变技术结合的设计方法,使W波段行波管输出功率和电子效率最高分别达到647 W和13.4%。提出一种四端口式高频结构和一种双弧弯曲折叠波导慢波结构,大幅提升了行波管对工作电流的聚焦能力,基于两种新型结构的创新研究,完成了千瓦级W波段行波管设计。     

折叠波导慢波结构太赫兹真空器件研究

简要介绍了利用折叠波导慢波结构的太赫兹真空辐射源的发展现状,重点对折叠波导慢波结构的特点进行了研究,并利用这种慢波结构开展了W、D波段行波管,W波段和650GHz返波振荡器,560GHz反馈振荡放大器的设计、计算和模拟优化,分别得到了较好的结果,并实际研制出W波段连续波行波管,输出功率达到8W。对太赫兹真空辐射源的部件技术、微细加工技术进行了研究和分析。     

多注太赫兹折叠波导行波管的设计与模拟

为解决太赫兹(THz)行波管工作电流过小、输出功率低等问题,提出了基模多注工作模式的折叠波导行波管(TWT)。首先,获得了基模多注折叠波导色散特性;然后,对基模多注折叠波导的传输特性进行了模拟计算;最后,完成了0.14 THz基模多注折叠波导行波管的注波互作用特性分析。电子注参数为12 m A,15.75 k V时,获得的3 d B带宽为25 GHz(128 GHz~153 GHz),最大增益为33.61 d B,最大峰值功率为23 W;电子注参数为30 m A,15.75 k V时,在0.14 THz处获得了38 d B增益,最大脉冲输出功率为63.1 W。该方法能够有效增大THz行波管的工作电流,提高互作用增益及效率、3 d B带宽、输出功率;在增益相同时,基模多注行波管可以做得更短、更紧凑。     

改善效率的0.14 THz折叠波导慢波结构设计

在研究0.14 THz折叠波导行波管中,提出一种三段相速跳变的设计,使得电子能够在输出段与行波场发生速度再同步,从而提高了电子工作效率。根据色散公式,找到一种影响相速变化的结构因素。通过优化设计进行大信号程序计算,在电压14.95 kV、工作电流30 mA时,与未采用相速变化的结构相比,140 GHz时功率提高了0.84 W,效率提高了9.13%;在142 GHz时功率提高了0.88 W,效率提高了10.4%;-1 dB带宽由原来的5 GHz提高到7 GHz,扩展了行波管的带宽,提高了电子与波的互作用效率。     

Design and fabrication of a sub-millimeter multi-beam folded waveguide structure

A novel multi-beam folded waveguide (MBFW) circuit, which can enhance the output power and interaction efficiency of sub-terahertz (THz) traveling wave tube (TWT), is presented in the paper. Operating with fundamental mode and multiple electron beams means that a larger beam current can be used for a higher output power. The characteristics of the MBFW structure are analyzed and optimized. Compared with the single-beam folded waveguide (SBFW) TWT, the output power of the MBFW TWT increases from 3.64 W to 25.45 W at 140 GHz and its electronic efficiency increases from 1.06% to 7.4% under the conditions of an input peak power of 10 mW, a beam voltage of 9.55 kV and a current of 12 mA. The optimized MBFW structure can be successfully fabricated by micro milling, with dimension errors below expectation, and the measured transmission characteristics are in good agreement with the design.     

Experimental Investigation of a Novel Circuit for Millimeter-Wave TWTs

A novel folded waveguide circuit that features thick iron pole pieces with hollow centers was built as part of a periodic-permanent-magnet-focused W-band single-stage test-vehicle traveling-wave tube (TWT). These hollow centers, which comprise part of the slow wave circuit, increase the rms axial field and significantly reduce the unwanted transverse field imbalance. For this TWT, a tetrode gun that creates an ultralaminar 20-kV 0.25-A nominal electron beam was used. It was demonstrated that this gun and magnetic structure can provide greater than 97% beam transmission for peak beam power levels as high as 9.25 kW (25 kV, 0.37 A). The unplated circuit, operating around 91 GHz on the edge of a passband, exhibits between 10 dB and 12 dB gain that compares favorably with results of device modeling utilizing the 3D particle-in-cell code Magic3D. Using a feedback approach to characterize large-signal operation, the tube generated 40 W of regenerative oscillator power. Design-optimized versions of this circuit show promise of enabling W-band TWT amplifiers that provide up to 300 W of peak RF output power     

0.34 THz折叠波导行波管设计及流通管实验

以0.34 THz折叠波导行波管为研究对象,分析了慢波结构的色散特性、耦合阻抗、冷损耗特性和工作模式等,并按优化后折叠波导慢波结构的要求设计电子光学系统,进行流通管实验,得到电子注通过率大于80%的实验结果。最后对输入输出结构进行优化设计,满足中心频率为0.345 THz,带宽大于10 GHz,输出功率大于20 mW的0.34 THz折叠波导行波管设计要求。     

曲折双脊槽波导高功率宽频带太赫兹行波管

提出一种改进的曲折槽波导—曲折双脊槽波导提高太赫兹行波管的功率和带宽.针对这种新型慢波结构设计了一种新的传输波导作为输入输出能量耦合器.从高频特性仿真结果可以发现曲折双脊槽波导可以提高耦合阻抗并扩展带宽.此外, 粒子仿真结果表明当电子注加载27.4kV电压和0.25A电流时, 新型曲折双脊槽波导行波管在中心频率340GHz处输出功率能达到65.8W同时对应增益27.21dB.因此, 曲折双脊槽波导行波管可以用作宽带和高功率太赫兹辐射源.     

太赫兹折叠波导慢波结构的设计与微加工

从行波管工作的物理特性提出了一种获得折叠波导慢波结构参数的简单方法,给定工作频率和电压,能够获得折叠波导慢波结构的初始参数.设计了D波段的折叠波导结构来验证该方法,对其冷测特性如色散、耦合阻抗进行了分析.仿真结果表明,设计的折叠波导慢波结构在中心频率处具有较平缓的色散关系,在中心频率处耦合阻抗为3.5欧姆.在电子注电压为20.6 kV,电流为15 mA时,27 mm(50个周期)的折叠波导慢波结构在220 GHz具有13.5 dB的增益,3 dB带宽为11 GHz(213~224 GHz).同时讨论了折叠波导慢波结构的微加工工艺,并通过UV-LIGA工艺获得了实验样品.     

Design of a 300 GHz Band TWT with a Folded Waveguide Fabricated by Microelectromechanical Systems

For future broadband wireless links, we have designed a 300 GHz band traveling wave tube (TWT) with a folded waveguide fabricated by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The TWT operates at a beam voltage of 12 kV and a beam current of 8.3 mA. The classical large signal simulation code predicts the output power greater than 1 W and gain larger than 20 dB over the bandwidth from 280 to 300 GHz.     

Theoretical Study for Folded Waveguide Traveling Wave Tube

A wideband folded waveguide traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifier has advantages of simpler coupling structures and robust structure over the conventional helix TWT. The phase velocity of waves in folded waveguide is slowed down to the velocity of electron beam. Slow-wave interaction with the electron beam in folded waveguide is studied in a linear fashion. For a cold beam, the linear theory predicts a gain of 2 dB/cm and a bandwidth of 37% at the center frequency of 14 GHz. A closed algebraic dispersion relation for the frequency and the axial phase shift per period is obtained using an equivalent circuit model. Numerical solution calculated from the dispersion relation and three-dimensional electromagnetic code, HFSS simulations predict a mode coalescing in the folded waveguide. And a theoretical phase velocity prediction of the electromagnetic wave in this circuit is verified by HFSS simulations.     

Parametric Simulation and Optimization of Cold-test Properties for a 220 GHz Broadband Folded Waveguide Traveling-wave Tube

Characterized with full-metal structure, high output power and broad bandwidth, microfabricated folded waveguide is considered as a robust slow-wave structure for millimeter wave traveling-wave tubes. In this paper, cold-test (without considering the real electron beam) properties were studied and optimized by 3D simulation on slow-wave structure, for designing a 220 GHz folded waveguide traveling-wave tube. The parametric analysis on cold-test properties, i.e., phase velocity, beam-wave interaction impedance and cold circuit attenuation, were conducted in half-period circuit with high frequency structure simulator, assisted by analytical model and equivalent circuit model. Through detailed parametric analyses, interference between specified structural parameters is found on determining beam-wave interaction impedance. A discretized matrix optimization for interaction impedance was effectively carried out to overcome the interference. A range of structural parameters with optimized interaction impedance distributions were obtained. Based on the optimized results, a broadband folded waveguide with cold pass-band of about 80 GHz, flat phase velocity dispersion and fairly high interaction impedance was designed for a 220 GHz central frequency traveling-wave tube. A three-dB bandwidth of 20.5 GHz and a maximum gain of 21.2 dB were predicted by small signal analysis for a 28 mm-long lossy circuit.