复杂体系的汽液相平衡

本文综述了近年来计算复杂体系汽液相平衡的立方型状态方程、扰动硬链理论(PHCT)及基团贡献型状态方程的进展情况,并对每一方程的适用范围和偏差情况进行了讨论。     

汽液相平衡计算方法的研究进展

主要介绍了汽液相平衡计算的两种方法的研究进展,包括状态方程法和活度系数法.分析了方法中所涉及的各种方程的适用范围及其优缺点,提出了汽液相平衡计算的研究方向.     

UNIFAC基团贡献法估算甲醇-碳酸二甲酯的汽液相平衡

以甲醇-碳酸二甲酯为实验物系，在考虑了汽、液混合物非理想性的情况下，用UNIFAC基团贡献法估算了液相活度系数，用维里方程求算了汽相逸度系数。并最终给出了此二元物系在不同压力下的汽液相平衡数据，结果表明其共沸组成(甲醇摩尔分数)随压力的增高而增大，当压力从0．1MPa增至1．5MPa时，共沸组成由0．890增加到0．960。最后将常压下的相平衡数据与实验值进行了对比，二者的最大偏差为9．4％。     

用修正的UNIFAC模型参数及HVOS规则预测汽液平衡

利用Orbey和Sandler提出的HVOS混合规则,PR状态方程与Larsen的活度系数模型相结合建立了无限压力下汽液平衡模型,模型给定状态方程中不随温度变化的参数C*=-0.623 23。用大量的汽液平衡数据在广泛的温度范围内修正了12组MLUNIFAC基团相互作用参数,并用修正的和原始的参数分别对含醇、酸、酮、水、腈和胺等极性二元体系进行了预测。结果表明,体系预测精度显著提高,大部分体系汽相组成的绝对偏差低于4.00×10-2,压力的相对偏差低于6.00%。     

流体汽液相平衡混合规则研究进展

混合工质汽液相平衡学术内涵丰富且应用广泛，而混合规则是决定混合物性描述准确与否的关键因素。综述了具有代表性的混合规则，包括原始的二次型、非二次型、密度型、状态方程-超额自由能型等混合规则，评价了其在流体汽液相平衡的描述能力，辅以数学推导介绍了其发展的动机及存在的优劣，以期对将来混合规则发展提供思路。     

状态方程模拟醇胺系统的密度和汽液相平衡

通过考虑醇胺分子间的缔合作用,结合先前开发的非缔合变阱宽链流体状态方程(SWCF-VREOS)建立了一个缔合方阱链流体状态方程,并利用方程模拟了醇胺系统的密度和汽液相平衡。通过关联不同温度下醇胺的饱和蒸气压和液体体积得到了18种醇胺流体的分子参数,新方程计算的饱和蒸气压和液体密度总的平均误差分别为0.94%和0.88%。结合简单的混合规则,将此方程扩展到混合系统。研究发现,建立的方程可预测二元和三元醇胺混合物的密度。当引入一个与温度无关的可调参数时,方程能满意关联二元系统的汽液相平衡数据,并可进一步预测多元混合系统的汽液相平衡,预示着新方程可模拟醇胺系统的相行为。     

基团贡献法预测高分子溶液汽液平衡

以胡英等人的密堆积双重格子模型为基础，建立了一个新的高分子溶液汽液平衡预测的基团贡献方法。模型由三部分构成：混合熵和自由体积的贡献，ｖａｎｄｅｒＷａａｌｓ相互作用能的贡献和氢键等特殊相互作用能的贡献。     

含辛烯醛体系的液液、汽液相平衡研究

测定了水-辛烯醛、水-正丁醇二元系在常压下的液液平衡数据及26.66kPa下的正丁醇-辛烯醛二元系和水-正丁醇-辛烯醛三元系的汽液平衡数据.由测定的3对二元数据求取了NRTL常数及有规参数,并与三元数据进行拟合,计算值与实验值符台良好,液液平衡与汽液平衡得到了统一的关联.     

汽液平衡计算与立方型状态方程

本文综述应用于汽液平衡计算的立方型状态方程的发展和研究动向。     

含N-甲酰吗啉溶液体系的相平衡模型研究

通过对N甲酰吗啉(NFM)官能团的分析,将其划分为CH2,CNH2,CHO和CH2OCH2四个官能团,根据N甲酰吗啉溶液体系的实验数据对官能团的相互作用参数进行了拟合,并预测了含NFM的三元体系的汽液平衡数据及四种烃类在NFM中的无限稀释活度系数,并将其与已公开发表的三种划分方法预测数据进行比较。结果表明,划分方法较为合理,且应用UNIFAC基团相互作用参数拟合的误差结果较为满意。     

汽液相平衡测定技术的研究进展

汽液相平衡数据对于化工生产中液体混合物分离工艺参数的确定有着十分重要的意义。选择正确的测定方法,是准确有效地测定汽液相平衡数据的前提。介绍了目前国内外应用汽液相平衡数据测定方法的原理及优缺点。     

苯和N-甲酰吗啉的气液相平衡研究

常压下实测苯和N-甲(酉先)吗啉气液相平衡数据,利用Wilson方程和NRTL方程对数据进行关联.结果表明,苯和N-甲(酉先)吗啉二元体系有很好的相关性.又对气液相平衡数据进行了热力学一致性检验,结果合理.     

Application of UNIFAC models for prediction of vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria relevant to separation and purification processes of crude biodiesel fuel

Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the methanol-biodiesel (BDF)/glycerin binary system and liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the water-BDF binary system and the methanol-BDF-glycerin and methanol-water-BDF ternary systems were predicted using several UNIFAC models: the latest original UNIFAC model, Kikic’s model, Fornari’s model, Dortmund-UNIFAC model, and LLE-UNIFAC model. The former VLE and latter LLE are used to design methanol recovery processes and separation and purification processes of crude BDF, respectively. Unfortunately, LLE data on the water-BDF binary system was not available. Instead, solubility of water in fatty acid methyl ester (one of the BDF constituents) was measured. By examining the deviation between predicted and experimental results, we determined which of the UNIFAC models was more useful for the design of those processes as follows: either the original UNIFAC model or Dortmund-UNIFAC model should be used for the methanol recovery process. The LLE-UNIFAC model and Dortmund-UNIFAC model were more useful for the recovery and water-washing processes of crude BDF and purification process of water-washed BDF, respectively.     

甲基二氯硅烷-甲基三氯硅烷-苯三元体系等压汽液平衡

利用新型泵式沸点仪,在101.3 kPa下测定了甲基二氯硅烷-甲基三氯硅烷-苯体系以及3个二元体系在不同液相组成时的沸点;对所测的二元系数据,采用间接法由TPx推算了与之平衡的汽相组成,再用最小二乘法分别求出了二元体系的Wilson、NRTL、Margules和van Laar 4种模型的最佳配偶液相活度系数模型参数,并由二元最佳配偶参数推算了甲基二氯硅烷-甲基三氯硅烷-苯三元体系的气相组成和泡点温度,与实验测得的温度值进行了比较,其拟合精度良好,关联结果令人满意.     

Salting-out effect of ionic liquids on isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of acetonitrile-water system☆

This paper presents the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of acetonitrile–water system containing ionic liquids (ILs) at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa). Since ionic liquids dissociate into anions and cations, the VLE data for the acetonitrile+water+ILs systems are correlated by salt effect models, Furter model and improved Furter model. The overall average relative deviation of Furter model and improved Furter model is 5.43%and 4.68%, respectively. Thus the salt effect models are applicable for the correlation of IL containing systems. The salting-out effect theory can be used to explain the change of relative volatility of acetonitrile–water system.     

一异丙醇胺-二异丙醇胺-水体系汽液平衡预测和推算

主要利用UNIFAC基团贡献法预测一异丙醇胺-二异丙醇胺-水三元体系的汽液平衡数据,同时又根据UNIQUAC二元模型参数推算上述三元体系的汽液平衡。预测值和推算值分别与实验测定的一异丙醇胺-二异丙醇胺-水三元体系在338、353、368 K下的恒温汽液平衡数据进行比较,三者符合良好,为该三元体系平衡数据的获得提供了又一途径。     

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for binary system of aniline+methyl-N-phenyl carbamate

In this study,the quasi-static ebulliometric method was used to measure both of the vapor pressures of methyl N-phenyl carbamate(MPC),and the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) data of the aniline and MPC binary system.The measured vapor pressure data of MPC,at different temperature ranging from 369.60 to 389.54 K,fitted well with the Antoine equation.The VLE data for the aniline and MPC system at(2.00,4.00,6.00,7.00 and 8.00) k Pa were correlated by both of nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL) and Wilson models.The parameters of the two models were obtained by regressing the experimental data,with the absolute temperature deviations of 0.54 K and 0.53 K,respectively.The relative volatility of the binary system calculated was all far more than 1,which gives the conclusion that the high purity MPC can be separated from aniline and MPC binary system by rectification or distillation technology.     

Modeling of vapor-liquid equilibrium of gasoline-ethanol blended fuels for flash boiling simulations

Flash boiling is a physical phenomenon which governs the non-equilibrium phase change of a high temperature fluid as it is depressurized below its vapor pressure. The modeling of this process is of importance to a number of industrial applications and requires the vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of the fluid under consideration. The highly non-ideal nature of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends makes vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations extremely difficult for such fluids. A simple model known as GEFlash (Gasoline-Ethanol Flash), based on existing literature and fundamental chemical engineering thermodynamics is proposed to calculate the properties of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends that are required to perform flash boiling simulations. In addition, a second model based on the chemical engineering software Aspen Plus is also proposed and the predictions of the two models are validated against experimental data available in open literature. The results indicate that both models reproduce the trend in experimental data for vapor pressures and saturated liquid density for blends with different ethanol contents. The GEFlash model does not match the vapor mole fraction predictions of the Aspen Plus model for fuels with low ethanol content (E20 and E40). However, the vapor mole fractions for high ethanol content fuels (greater than E60) are accurate over the majority of the temperature range tested.     

新的(dlnγ_1/dx_1)_(x_1)=0关联式和汽液平衡的预测

提出一个新的无限稀释活度系数的斜率关联式(dlnγ_1/dx_1)_x_1=0,与适当的过量自由焓G~E模型相结合可用于计算两参数过量自由焓的模型参数,进而预测整个浓度范围的汽液平衡。 分别用本文提出的方法和UNIFAC方法对118个等温互溶二元系和47个等压互溶二元系作了汽液平衡预測,并与有关文献数据进行比较评定。结果表明,本方法预測精度令人满意,绝大多数体系预测结果优于UNIFAC或与之相当。