常规处理与深度处理工艺对南京长江原水中有机物去除效能比较

以长江南京段原水为研究对象,通过常规处理及深度处理工艺(强化过滤工艺和生物活性炭工艺)对长江南京段水源水中有机物的去除效能进行对比研究。结果表明常规工艺对CODMn、UV254、DOC及BDOC的去除率分别为30%、41%、27%及25%。强化常规工艺和生物活性炭工艺各指标的去除率分别为34%和52%、48%和50%、37%和40%及74%和82%。强化过滤工艺及生物活性炭工艺对1,2,4-三氯苯的去除效果明显,能显著提高出水水质。常规工艺对MW大于5 kDa的有机物去除效果明显,强化过滤工艺对MW小于1 kDa的有机物去除率大于25%,生物活性炭工艺对各个分子量区间的去除效果都比较好,特别是对原水中占多数的MW小于1 kDa的有机物去除率大于30%。     

生物活性炭工艺去除长江原水中有机成分的研究

以长江南京段原水为研究对象,以提高水处理出水水质和生物稳定性为目标,研究了生物活性炭工艺对有机物指标和氯苯类化合物的去除效果,并从有机物分子量的角度研究了生物活性炭工艺对有机物的去除机制。中试试验结果表明：生物活性炭工艺能有效地去除水中的有机物,对CODMn,UV254,溶解性有机碳（DOC）及可生物降解溶解性有机碳（BDOC）的去除率可分别达到52％,50％,40％和82％,对氯苯类化合物的去除效果也较为明显,去除率为40％左右。生物活性炭工艺对各个分子量区间的去除效果都比较好,对原水中占多数的小于1k的溶解性有机物（DOM）去除效果尤为显著。     

GC／MS方法分析高锰酸钾去除水中有机污染物

采用固相萃取-GC／MS检测分析技术,分析黄河水中的有机污染物检测结果表明黄河水受到了一定程度的污染,相对含量较高的有机污染物是烷烃类、酸类和酯类化合物。研究了高锰酸钾与颗粒活性炭联用对水源水微量有机污染物的去除效果,结果表明,高锰酸钾对苯酚有较好的去除效果,实际水源水在高锰酸钾与颗粒活性炭联用处理后,水中有机物大部分被去除,水源水的致突变活性有明显降低。     

关于三个水厂净水工艺与供水水质的比较和分析

该文介绍了国内一自来水公司三个水厂的两个原水水质、净水工艺及出厂水水质。结果显示第一水厂的出厂水质较为理想,第二水厂次之,第三水厂为第三。第三水厂由于水源的问题导致出厂氨氮季节性超标,建议采取有效措施改进水源水质,以提高出厂水质。第二水厂需进行工艺改造,实施臭氧活性炭深度处理以进一步提高供水水质。第三水厂一期系统臭氧生物活性炭池置于砂滤池后较二期活性炭滤池置于砂滤池前出水有机物CODMn及TOC略低,但两者基本相近。建议第三水厂采取必要的措施改进水源水质,或再增加一道臭氧生物活性炭工序。     

南方某水厂活性炭吸附降解特性研究

结合南方某水厂生物活性炭滤池两年多的生产经验,研究了活性炭脱离水源介质的时间对其去除有机污染物的效果及出水pH的影响.结果表明,活性炭对含氮有机物去除效果取决于其内部自养型细菌与异养型细菌的生物作用程度,如后者发挥主导作用,活性炭主要起氨化作用,水中含氮有机物将被氨化,滤后水氨氮升高.在低温气候条件下,活性炭滤池的停运时间一旦超过10d,生物降解作用将逐渐降低,滤池出水效果也将受到影响.     

前后置生物活性炭工艺对有机物的去除效果比较

该文针对闵行水厂前置生物活性炭和后置生物活性炭两条生产线路,通过比较冬、春、夏各季节各工艺段出水有机物综合指标（总有机碳和UV254）变化情况,研究了有机物在臭氧-生物活性炭联用工艺中的去除效果,同时比较活性炭滤池与V型砂滤池相对位置的变化对原水中有机污染物处理效果的影响。     

冬季黄河水预臭氧化中试试验

本试验采用臭氧为预氧化剂,以黄河水为水源水,对水源水中有机物（CODMn,UV254和TOC）、浊度、细菌总数、大肠菌群数、氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮等去除效果进行了试验研究。结果表明,预臭氧化使原水的浊度升高,但由于悬浮颗粒的状态发生变化,通过气浮、过滤处理后,浊度降低;预臭氧化有良好的杀菌作用;臭氧氧化可以去除部分有机物和亚硝酸盐氮,而且提高水中有机物的可生化性,提高后续工艺对污染物的去除率。     

跌水曝气生物预处理-超滤组合饮用水净化工艺

跌水曝气生物预处理-超滤组合饮用水净化工艺，是一种微污染水源水净化处理技术。首先构建多级跌水曝气生物预处理装置，然后将待处理的原水一次提升，经逐级跌水充氧和生物接触氧化预处理去除了水中的大部分氨氮，将微量溶解性有机物转化成微生物细胞，先由保护性装置多孔陶粒滤池过滤后．再进入超滤膜组件，使水的微量有机物、氨氮、     

两工艺流程对高藻原水中微量有机物的去除特性

在饮用水处理中，考察工艺对原水中有机物的去除特性是目前的热点，且当水源水呈现高藻性状时，饮用水的有机物问题更加突出。试验以高藻水源水为处理对象，就两工艺流程（溶气气浮＋砂滤＋活性碳过滤）对高藻原水中微量有机物的去除特性进行了考察。试验采用了强化混凝、气浮单元对有机物有一定去除效果，对DOC的去除率高于其它处理单元，而对于BDOC、AOC、HAAsFP，气浮单元的去除效果均弱于两流程的炭滤柱。     

臭氧—生物活性炭工艺对微污染长江原水中有机物的去除特性

采用中试装置研究了臭氧—生物活性炭工艺对长江南京段微污染原水中有机物去除的特性,考察了臭氧投加量和臭氧接触时间对臭氧氧化、生物活性炭单元中DOC、BDOC、CODMn、UV254和微量有机污染物去除的影响。结果表明臭氧投加量为2 mg/L、臭氧停留时间为10 min时,臭氧氧化单元CODMn和UV254的去除率分别达到18.8%和47.5%,DOC和BDOC分别增长了30.3%和128.2%,生物活性炭滤柱对四种污染物指标的去除率分别为37.7%、88.7%、60.7%和37.7%。各单元在适宜工况下运行时,整个工艺对1,2,4-三氯苯、氯代苯、DMP、DBP和PAHs的总去除率分别为46.7%、100%、70.5%、52.5%和69.2%,高于常规处理工艺和生物强化滤池工艺。臭氧—生物活性炭工艺有效提高了有机污染物的去除效果,可保障出水水质安全。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。