高温合金薄壁盘复杂零件加工变形控制方法

薄壁盘由于材料刚性较差等原因难以确保零件加工精度，容易引起变形，对此，提出了高温合金薄壁盘复杂零件加工变形控制方法。分析零件加工过程中产生的变形因素，包括夹装方式、刀具性能参数、工件自身因素、机床定位精度不够以及温度控制不佳等；确立所有工序历史误差源集合，生成误差传递矩阵，构建变形误差源诊断模型；针对不同误差源，提出针对性控制方法，通过最小二乘多项式拟合算法计算让刀误差，并对其补偿；通过有限元分析法建立工件几何模型，设立刚度控制函数，弥补工件自身缺陷；针对机床定位精度和温度分别设计控制函数，实现零件加工变形的综合控制。实验结果表明，所提方法明显减少了零件加工变形现象，保证了切削力平稳，提高了零件质量。     

介观尺度微型铣床开发及性能试验

针对微机电系统(Microeletro mechanical system, MEMS)技术和超精密加工技术局限,开展面向介观尺度微细铣削技术的研究。首先根据介观尺度铣削的加工特点,对其机理研究的关键问题进行详细的分析和讨论,提出微细铣削理论的研究重点及研究方法。然后在分析微细铣削成形条件和加工要求的基础上,开发微型铣床系统,并对系统各组成子系统及性能指标进行描述。最后开展机床加工性能评估试验,通过精度测量、误差分析和误差补偿提高工作台的定位精度达到1.62 μm,采用直径0.127 mm铣刀开展微铣削试验,通过表面粗糙度测量和同心圆切削试验评估机床的加工精度,在此基础上通过复杂零件加工实例进一步说明机床的加工能力,论证小型化机床加工技术的可行性和实用性。     

聚合物微结构成形的介观尺度效应及其本构建模

<正>具有表面微细功能结构的聚合物薄膜在微光学器件、微生物化学反应系统、微机电系统等领域的应用与日俱增。这一类聚合物薄膜产品的表面微细功能特征尺寸多在10～500μm,其成形加工属于典型介观尺度制造范畴。随着成形特征尺寸降低至介观尺度,聚合物材料力学性能呈现出强化行为。传统的聚合物材料本构模型,无法准确预测聚合物材料介观尺度变形行为,难以指导聚合物表面微细功能结构加工的工艺设计和优化。     

虚拟加工物理仿真中的误差分析研究

基于虚拟制造的理论与方法,模拟真实加工条件,建立了面向虚拟数控车削加工环境的加工精度分析系统。该系统基于有限元方法,用有限元法计算刀具-工件在切削要素（切削力、夹紧力、切削温度等）作用下的变形,通过求工件-刀具的布尔差集获取切削后的工件轮廓;利用MATLAB优化工具箱,分析工件轮廓,预测零件加工误差。     

基于桥式柔性铰链多误差源的数学建模

利用快刀伺服系统加工可获得纳米级的微结构,桥式柔性铰链是最关键的零件之一,其柔性铰链的误差度直接影响零件的加工精度。通过对多误差源的分析,探索每个误差源对精度的影响程度。包括过对桥式柔性铰链关键尺寸的加工误差,特别是对敏感度较高的长度、宽度、厚度加工误差的分析,建立起关键尺寸与加工精度的数学模型;分析温度变化,建立基于神经网络的加工误差数学模型,并提出温度补偿的策略;分析重力等原因引起的误差变形,建立由于重力引起变形量与加工精度的数学模型。将上述的多误差源的数学建模运用到设计和制造中,能从源头上减少误差对加工精度的影响程度,提高快刀伺服系统加工微结构零件的尺寸精度和表面粗糙度。     

基于赋值型误差传递网络的多工序加工质量预测

加工质量实时预测是工件多工序加工质量控制的关键。航空制造领域关键零部件的异形空间大尺寸、材料难加工与小批量加工等特性,导致加工样本数据不足与加工误差监测困难。针对上述问题,提出一种基于赋值型误差传递网络的多工序加工质量预测建模方法。通过将质量特征引入多工序误差传递网络来描述加工过程中节点间的影响关系,形成赋值型的误差传递网络。并以关键质量特征节点为基础,采用基于粒子群算法优化的支持矢量回归机方法,构建单工序质量预测模型。在此基础上,基于赋值型误差传递网络的拓扑结构,合并单工序加工质量预测模型,以构建多工序加工质量预测模型。最后,开发了一个面向多工序加工质量预测的软件平台并以起落架零件的加工为例验证上述模型,结果表明该方法能够有效地预测加工误差,并从多工序的角度为异形零件的加工过程控制提供依据。     

介观尺度切削无氧铜本构模型建立与仿真

微细加工会产生介观尺度下的尺度效应,应用基于位错机制的应变梯度塑性理论,考虑材料的微观结构特性,建立介观尺度下的材料本构模型,可解释微细加工中产生的尺度效应现象。对理论推导出来的介观尺度下的材料本构模型进行分析研究,得到不同切削条件下的应力-应变曲线及仿真结果。研究表明,随着切削厚度的不断增加,材料的应力-应变曲线会逐渐趋向于宏观切削时的应力-应变曲线。当刀具的前角不断增大,材料的应力会随之增加,即材料所表现的尺度效应会更加明显。刀具的前角对于切屑的形成也会产生很大的影响,当刀具前角较小时会更有利材料在前刀面堆积而形成切屑。刀具切削刃半径是微细加工中最小切削厚度现象产生的根本原因。随着刀具切削刃半径的减小,材料所表现的尺度效应也更加明显。     

加工误差和变形作用下的误差传递模型研究

针对零件加工误差和变形误差对装配误差的耦合影响问题,研究了一种采用小位移旋量(Small Displacement Tor-sors,SDT)、齐次坐标变换理论建立的包含零件加工误差和变形误差的装配误差传递模型.首先,分析了两零件配合时由于零件加工误差和变形误差造成的装配误差.其次,对零件配合面点云数据和ANSYS分析的变形节点数据进行拟合.最后,采用SDT和齐次坐标变换理论建立装配误差传递模型.结果表明,通过该模型计算出的装配误差与真实装配情况一致,为误差控制、装配体末端误差预测以及关键误差源的识别提供了理论基础.     

一种考虑零件变形的装配误差计算方法

针对零件变形导致的装配误差问题,提出一种装配变形误差计算方法。将零件特征面利用离散点表示,通过分析加工引起的离散点偏差和变形引起的离散点误差建立零件变形与误差的关系,进一步研究零件变形对装配误差的影响。构建装配信息模型来表示零件变形误差传递与所需的信息关系,综合考虑零件加工误差和零件变形两方面误差因素,建立装配误差传递和计算模型,实现考虑零件变形的装配误差计算。以某产品为例,对该装配误差计算方法进行了验证。     

工件装夹方式与工艺参数选择

通过对小轴车削加工多种装夹方式的比较，选择采用三爪卡盘夹一端的方式装夹。为了计算阶梯轴零件的切削变形，推导出变截面悬臂梁的弯曲变形通用表达式，应用C语言编程计算出控制切削变形误差的工件直径与长度的关系。并用工艺参数控制法减少切削变形误差，从而保证加工精度。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.