基于图割及均值漂移的合成孔径雷达图像强散射目标分割

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的特点及标准图割分割算法计算量较大等问题,提出了一种基于图割及均值漂移(Mean Shift)的高效的SAR图像强散射目标分割方法。该方法利用均值漂移算法对SAR图像进行预处理,将原图像表示为基于过分割区域的图结构;然后,以这些过分割图像区域为节点建立区域邻接图,运用图割分割算法得到SAR强散射目标的分割结果。与标准图割算法中以单像素为节点构建邻接图相比,参与图割算法的节点和边的数目减少了两个数量级,计算效率大幅提高。另外,根据SAR图像中目标的强散射特性,自动定义终端节点,减少了人工交互量。实验表明,该方法充分利用均值漂移及图割的优点,能够在背景杂波的干扰下有效地提取SAR强散射目标。     

利用视觉显著性与图割的图像分割算法

图割算法是图像分割中经典有效的算法,针对其在前景/背景颜色有重叠时容易产生分割错误、shrinking bias现象及交互实时性不佳的问题,提出一种利用视觉显著性与图割的交互式图像分割算法.首先利用Mean Shift算法将原始图像高效地预分割为基于区域的图结构,使得计算量大大下降;然后结合图像内容的显著性分析提高数据项约束的可靠性,并结合局部自适应的正则化参数,有效地改善了shrinking bias现象.实验结果表明,该算法交互快速,分割结果更加精确.     

基于图割与改进模糊C均值的图像分割

为提高图割算法对图像的分割效果,提出一种改进的模糊C均值聚类算法(FCMA)和图割分割算法相结合的图像分割方法。首先,用均值漂移算法将图像过分割成多个小区域(超像素),用得到的超像素代替像素点作为图的顶点,以相邻像素块间的关系为边构建图模型;然后,采用改进的模糊C均值(FCMA)算法对前景和背景的混合高斯模型分别进行聚类分析;最后,用最大流/最小割算法求取能量函数的全局最优解即得到图像的分割结果。实验结果表明,该方法在分割结果上具有较强的区域一致性及较为清晰、平滑的图像边缘,并且该方法对含有噪声的图像也能得到较好的分割结果。     

结合非局部信息与图割的图像分割算法

基于图割的交互式图像分割方法从图像背景中分离出前景目标,在图像处理和计算机视觉领域引起了广泛的关注.为了进一步提高分割精度,提出一种结合图像非局部信息和图割的交互式图像分割算法.在建模图像非局部信息时为每个像素点设置一个固定大小的搜索窗口,每个像素点只需考虑与搜索窗口内像素之间的关系;计算非局部像素对之间相似性时采用图像片替代像素,通过图像片之间的相似性替代像素之间的相似性,以表征图像的非局部信息;将图像非局部信息引入到图割框架中,在传统能量函数的边界项将图像的局部信息与非局部信息合并,组成结合局部非局部信息的新的能量项;构图时新添加一组边集?非局部边集来表示图像的非局部信息,再通过最大流/最小割算法求解得到最终的分割结果.最后通过实验验证了该算法的有效性和可行性.     

基于FCM和图割的交互式图像分割方法

为了提高在前景和背景颜色相似情况下图像的分割效果,提出了一种基于模糊C均值聚类（FCM）和图割的交互式图像分割方法。首先,利用分水岭算法对图像进行预处理,将图像分成多个小区域,用区域代替像素点进行分析。然后,采用模糊C均值算法对用户标记的前景区域和背景区域分别进行聚类分析,挖掘用户交互所提供的隐藏信息。用未标记区域的颜色分量到前景区域及背景区域类心的最小距离表示相似能量,用未标记区域与其相邻区域的相关性表示先验能量。最后,利用最大流/最小割算法求能量函数的全局最优解。与其他方法相比,该文方法具有较好的分割性能,能从前景背景相似的图像中较精确地提取感兴趣的物体,且用户操作简单。     

基于超像素的Grabcut彩色图像分割

针对以像素为节点建立图模型进行图像分割耗时的特点,文中提出了一种基于超像素的Grabcut彩色图像分割方法.首先用户在目标所在区域手动标定一个矩形框;然后用两次分水岭算法将图像过分割成区域内颜色相似的小区域(超像素),用分割得到的超像素作为图的结点构建图模型;以每个超像素的颜色均值代表所在分块的全部像素点估计GMM(高斯混合模型)参数;最后用最小割算法求得吉布斯能量的最小值达到最优分割.实验结果表明,该算法以极少数超像素代替海量像素,在得到较好分割结果的同时,极大地缩短了运行时间,加快了分割速度,提高了效率.     

快速自适应分片常数CV模型

Chan-Vese模型以其能较好地处理图像的模糊边界和复杂拓扑结构而广泛运用于图像分割中。但针对含灰度不均匀性和复杂背景的图像分割效果较差。提出一种基于图割方法的自适应分片常数式的CV模型。首先通过计算距离函数和邻域相似度修正CV模型的拟合项及长度项;然后根据像素点和拟合中心的相似度控制划分拟合中心所在的区域,以备准确估计拟合中心;最后利用图割算法最小化能量函数并得到新的拟合中心以进行下一轮最小化,从而得到更准确且高效的分割结果。     

结合区域生长与图割算法的冠状动脉CT血管造影图像三维分割

针对图割算法适用于小幅图像,且在分割结构较复杂、感兴趣区域较小的三维CT血管造影(CTA)冠状动脉图像时效率较低的问题,实现了将区域生长和图割结合分割冠状动脉的算法.首先,利用基于阈值的区域生长算法将图像划分为若干区域,去除无关像素,得到结构简化、感兴趣区域较突出的图像;其次,对简化后的图像,结合灰度和空间信息构造网络图;最后,利用图割理论实现网络图分割,得到冠状动脉分割图像.实验结果表明,与传统的图割方法相比: 在分割效率上,区域生长和图割结合的分割算法降低了计算复杂度,效率提高了51.7%; 在绘制质量上,得到的冠状动脉分割图像目标区域完整,有助于医师对病变的正确分析.     

基于K均值聚类的图割医学图像分割算法

图割是一种同时基于区域和边界的交互式图像分割算法。传统的基于高斯混合模型的图割具有时间慢和描述组织中灰度分布不准确的缺点。为此,提出一种基于K均值聚类的图割算法。通过用改进的图割来分割仿体的和真实的脑部核磁共振图像,显示出该方法的有效性。该方法不但能提高图割在分割时的速度,在有噪音和灰度不均匀的图像上也能在较短的时间内得到更准确且鲁棒的结果。     

融合均值漂移和加权谱聚类的彩色图像分割

为了提高彩色图像分割的效率,提出了一种彩色图像分割新方法。该方法首先利用均值漂移算法滤除噪声干扰并对图像进行初始分割,初始分割后的图像由一些互不相交的区域组成;然后将这些区域视为图的节点建立区域连接图;最后采用融入了区域之间面积差异信息与空间距离信息的加权谱聚类算法进行聚类,获得最终分割结果。实验结果表明,该方法可较好地对彩色图像进行分割,并能有效地降低噪声的影响,保持图像边缘,且运算速度较快。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。