利用水热法和添加籽晶制备纳米AIOOH粉体

以Al(NO3)3·9H2O和氨水为原料,以水为反应介质,采用水热法制备纳米AlOOH粉体。通过DSC/TG和XRD分析了不同热处理温度下粉体的晶型转变和成分。利用SEM和粒度仪分析了不同水热温度以及不同籽晶对晶粒形貌的影响。结果表明,当水热反应温度低于380℃时,所获得的粉体成分均为AlOOH,颗粒均为纳米尺度;水热反应温度的提高有利于获得形貌规则的晶粒;加籽晶比不加籽晶所得粉体的粒径小且分布均匀;加纳米TiO2作籽晶比加纳米αAl2O3作籽晶所得粉体的粒径小。     

水热法合成Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7纳米粉体

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,ZnO和Nb2O5为原料,KOH作为矿化剂,用水热法合成了单相Bi1 5ZnNb1.5O7粉体.用N2吸附法测定单相Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7粉体的比表面积并计算相应的粒径.研究了KOH浓度、合成温度和反应时间对粒径的影响.用X射线衍射分析合成粉体的物相组成,并通过Scherrer公式计算粉体晶粒的尺寸.用透射电子显微镜分析合成粉体的形貌.结果表明:采用水热法可以合成单相立方焦绿石结构的Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7纳米粉体.改变水热反应条件,可以控制合成粉体的粒径和比表面积大小.当KOH浓度为1.8 mol/L,温度为180～220 ℃,反应时间为24h时,合成的Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7纳米粉体的最小粒径为51 nm,最大比表面积为28.8 m2/g.     

不同晶型纳米二氧化钛的水热合成

水热法合成了不同晶型、形貌和大小的纳米二氧化钛。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对所得的样品进行了表征。研究了pH值、水热反应温度和水热反应时间对纳米二氧化钛晶型、形貌和晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,前驱体pH值是决定产品晶型、晶粒尺寸和形貌的主要因素。随着水热反应温度的升高,纳米二氧化钛的晶粒尺寸逐渐变大,但pH=3.0时所形成的锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛的晶粒尺寸却几乎不变;随着水热反应时间的延长,金红石型纳米二氧化钛晶粒的生长速度最快,而锐钛矿型的纳米二氧化钛的晶粒生长速度则最慢。     

水热条件对金红石型纳米二氧化钛微结构的影响

对金红石型纳米二氧化钛进行水热处理,利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对水热处理前后的纳米二氧化钛进行了表征。研究了pH值、水热反应温度和水热反应时间对金红石型纳米二氧化钛形貌和晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明:随着pH值的增加,纳米二氧化钛粒子的生长速度减慢。随着水热反应温度的升高和水热反应时间的延长,纳米的晶粒尺寸和原始粒径逐渐变大。水热条件对纳米二氧化钛形貌的影响不大。     

水热法制备钛酸铋钠无铅压电陶瓷粉体

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和纳米级Ti O2分别作为铋源和钛源,Na OH作为钠源和矿化剂,采用水热法制备钛酸铋钠无铅压电陶瓷粉体,(Na,Bi)Ti O3(NBT)粉体,并对样品进行了XRD和SEM表征。结果表明,水热反应温度为200℃时保温6 h,Na OH浓度为6 mol/L时,可制得结晶完全的立方相NBT,粉体呈球形,粒径约为1μm。水热反应温度、矿化剂浓度和反应时间的增加能促使晶化反应的进行和晶粒长大。     

低温制备金红石型纳米TiO2粉体

利用TiCl4低温水解法,添加TiO2溶胶制备了纳米TiO2粉体.用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和激光粒度仪研究了制备的纳米TiO2粉体的晶型、形貌、晶粒尺寸及粒径分布.结果表明:所得纳米TiO2粉体原始沉淀为金红石型,其粒径为10 nm左右的棒状粒子,经500℃煅烧2h,获得结晶完整、球形、粒径分布很窄的纳米TiO2粉体,其平均粒径为34 nm,粒径分布范围为20～50 nm.     

氢氧化铝活化对水热法制备勃姆石的影响

采用氢氧化铝粉体为原料,活化后通过水热法制备勃姆石。研究了氢氧化铝活化对勃姆石颗粒尺寸的影响,并讨论了相关机理。研究结果表明：未活化氢氧化铝水热反应所得产物颗粒粒径为2μm,经过加热（160～220℃）活化的氢氧化铝,水热反应所得产物的颗粒粒径在0.3～2μm变化。对活化氢氧化铝和水热反应中间产物进行表征,由结构分析推测作用机制：氢氧化铝加热活化过程中生成少量勃姆石,这些勃姆石在氢氧化铝水热反应转化为勃姆石（AlOOH）的过程中成为晶种,活化温度升高和活化时间延长,勃姆石晶种数量增加,氢氧化铝水热反应所得产物的颗粒粒径减小,并且加快了水热反应速率。该工作有望提供一种氢氧化铝水热法制备勃姆石的新途径和相关基础理论。     

分解沉淀法制备磁性纳米Fe3O4的研究及表征

现代诊断学的发展使得纳米级超顺磁性的Fe3O4粒子在医学领域具有重要应用价值。本实验采用分解沉淀法制备磁性纳米Fe3O4粉体。讨论了离子对Fe3O4晶粒生长的抑制机理。对获得的粉体采用激光散射法粒度测试、XRD物相分析和粒晶的计算、AFM、TEM形貌观察、振动样品磁强计等方法进行表征,结果表明,所得Fe3O4粉体平均粒径为30nm、粒度分布均匀、分布带较窄且产物纯度高;饱和磁化强度约为71 emu/g。     

水热法制备铁锡纳米复合氧化物及表征

以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O,SnCl4·5H2O为原料,通过改变水热反应的条件合成了铁锡纳米复合氧化物.用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜对产物的结构和微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明:在水热制备铁锡复合氧化物的过程中,通过分步控制温度法和使用不同的沉淀剂可以控制产物的粒径大小和形貌.最终得到以棒状的α-Fe2O3晶体为核,附着有SnO2粒子的纳米复合氧化物.并对复合物形成机理进行了初步探讨.     

BiFeO3粉体的水热法制备与表征

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和KOH为原料,NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,采用水热法制备BiFeO3粉体,借助XRD、SEM、TEM和VSM研究水热条件对晶体结构、形貌和磁学性能的影响。结果表明:增大矿化剂浓度、反应温度、pH值都有利于制备出粒径更小的BiFeO3粉体,在KOH浓度为12mol/L,pH=12,220℃下水热反应4h,可制备晶粒尺寸约为100nm的BiFeO3粉体;在此条件下制备出的BiFeO3粉体具有超顺磁性,10000Oe磁场强度下测得的单位质量磁矩为0.33emu/g,剩余磁化强度和矫顽力为0。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。