Densification kinetics of a copper-tin powder composite during electric-discharge sintering

Conclusions In the electric-discharge sintering of a copper-tin composite raising the prepressing pressure from 4.17 to 12.5 MPa decreased the extent and rate of shrinkage by more than half. To attain the same hardness in the sintered copper-tin powder composite on passing from a low (4.17 MPa) to a higher prepressing pressure (12.5 MPa), it was necessary to resort to increasing the current density by 100 A/cm² (from 595 to 695 A/cm²).Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 7(295), pp. 19–21, July, 1987.     

铸造碳化钨反应烧结制备粗晶硬质合金

以铸造碳化钨和钻为原料在低温条件下制备η相粉末,将该粉末与炭黑混合球磨、压制成形,在1450℃的真空条件下反应烧结制备粗晶硬质合金.探讨烧结气氛、烧结温度对合成η相的影响,碳含量对硬质合金物相、显微组织和物理性能的影响.结果表明在1 200℃的氮气气氛中合成了含有Co2W4C和Co6W6C的混合η相粉末;当总碳含量为5...     

Infiltration of graphite by aluminum during electric-discharge sintering

Conclusions During the electric-discharge sintering of an aluminum powder in contact with graphite, infiltration of the latter by molten aluminum takes place. A similar phenomenon is observed during sintering in a graphite-bronze system. The intensity of infiltration growswith increasing effective current density and with rising external mechanical pressure. Infiltration by aluminum increases the strength and wear resistance of graphite and decreases its coefficient of friction on steel.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 3(231), pp. 26–28, March, 1982.     

A study of microstructures of tungsten carbide powder

X-ray diffraction profiles were obtained from eight process variants of tungsten carbide (WC) powders in both the unmilled and heavily milled conditions. From these X-ray profiles, coherent domain size and microstrain were determined. This study indicated that the degree of crystalline imperfections in the unmilled WC powder decreased with increasing reaction temperatures,i.e., the reduction and carburization temperatures. Additionally, the morphology of the WC particles was examined using SEM. The particle morphology evaluated by SEM and the degree of crystalline imperfection obtained by X-ray profile analysis are in good agreement. The behavior of the WC powder during wet milling is closely related to the perfection of the powder.     

球形铸造碳化钨的制备技术

介绍了国内外近年来的球形铸造碳化钨生产方法。球形铸造碳化钨制备技术按原料可分为两类，一类以W、WC、C为原料，通过雾化制备，如旋转雾化、超高温熔炼气体雾化等；另一类是以铸造碳化钨为原料，通过高温改性处理制备，如等离子球化法、感应或电阻加热球化法等。无论采用何种方式均能制备出化学性能稳定、显微硬度达3000kg／mm^2、组织结构均匀致密、100％细等轴树枝状晶粒、流动性能好的球形铸造碳化钨粉末，但因设备、工艺方法等的差异，各种方法均有各自不同的特点。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定碳化钨粉中铁

碳化钨是一种由钨和碳组成的深灰色化合物粉末,常应用于生产各类硬质合金。为了消除颗粒效应,实验采用熔融方法制样,因碳化钨不能直接熔融,故先将碳化钨氧化成三氧化钨,按稀释比1∶10加入混合熔剂[m(Li₂B₄O₇)∶m(LiBO₂)=67∶33],加0.25 mL 500 g/L溴化锂溶液为脱膜剂,高频熔样机1 050 ℃熔融14 min,制备三氧化钨的熔融玻璃片。建立了X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)测定碳化钨粉中铁含量的分析方法。在无合适含铁的碳化钨及三氧化钨标样的情况下,采用在三氧化钨基体中加入铁标准溶液(硝酸介质)的方式配制标样,采用变动的理论α影响系数法校正基体效应,校准曲线在铁质量分数0.01%～0.30%范围内相关系数为0.999。对三氧化钨标准样品进行分析,测定值与认定值一致;对碳化钨实际样品进行分析,铁的测定结果同国家标准的分光光度法一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)小于4.0%。     

粗颗粒钨粉对90W-Ni-Fe钨合金烧结变形与组织性能的影响

在原材料粉末中添加20μm的粗颗粒钨粉,用粉末冶金法制备了圆柱状90W-Ni-Fe钨合金。通过测量钨合金烧结坯椭圆状横截面长短轴的尺寸,对烧结变形进行了定量分析;采用准静态拉伸试验对合金的力学性能进行了测试;通过光学金相、扫描电镜对合金组织形貌进行表征。结果表明:添加粗颗粒W粉能明显降低合金烧结变形,粗颗粒钨粉添加量占钨粉总量80%时,圆柱状钨合金投料可降低约20%,明显提高材料利用率;当粗颗粒W粉含量在70%~90%之间时,合金抗拉强度约950 MPa,延伸率约20%,与未添加粗颗粒钨粉的传统90W-Ni-Fe钨合金相比,其强度提高约30MPa,延伸率降低了28.5%,这与添加粗颗粒W粉的钨合金的穿晶断裂方式,以及合金界面结合强度低、黏结相分布不均匀等有关;添加粗颗粒钨粉的钨合金微观组织中的钨晶粒形状不太规则,存在粒径超大的钨晶粒。     

Wear-resistant bronze-base composite materials produced by electric-discharge sintering

Conclusions Sintered bronze-stellite and bronze-sormite materials produced by EDS are superior in frictional properties and wear resistance to BrO10 bronze. Under conditions of friction without lubrication the advantages of such bronze-stellite and bronze-sormite materials manifest themselves most clearly at high sliding speeds (in excess of 4 m/sec). In operation with lubrication the load-carrying capacity of a sintered bronze-sormite material is two and a half times that of BrO10 bronze.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 9(213), pp. 6–8, September, 1980.     

The properties of tungsten processed by chemically activated sintering

Two tungsten powders have been treated with small concentrations of sintering activators to provide for enhanced low temperature sintering. The experimental study focused on the determination of the processing effects on properties such as sintered density, grain size, hardness, and strength. Variables in the plan included tungsten particle size, type of activator, amount of activator, compaction pressure, and sintering temperature. The sintered density is found to have a dominant effect on strength and hardness. The various processing variables are analyzed in terms of their effects on density. At high sintered densities, grain growth acts to degrade the strength. Additionally, the nature of the sintering activator influences the fracture strength. In this study optimal strength occurred with a 0.7 μm tungsten powder treated with 0.29 wt pct Ni, sintered at 1200 °C for one hour. The resulting density was 18.21 g/cm³, with aR _A hardness of 69 and a transverse rupture strength of 460 MPa.     

Characterisation and sintering studies of mechanically milled nano tungsten powder

Abstract

Elemental tungsten powder was mechanically milled by planetary mill for 100 h. Particles were thinned down to nanometre scale. The shape of the milled powders was flat cylindrical with average diameter and length 12˙5 and 46˙5 nm respectively. The corresponding crystallite size obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) was 26˙96 nm. The results obtained by XRD and small angle X-ray scattering were well supported by transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy results. The maximum shrinkage of the compact has been observed at ～1500 K, which has been used as a guideline for sintering experiments. The powders sintered at 1773 K have resulted in 96% relative density.     

Reactive electric-discharge sintering of TiN-TiB2

Powder mixtures based on titanium and its dihydrides are sintered by electric discharge in a certain current mode to produce TiN + TiB₂ composites. It is established that the use of tetragonal titanium hydride as the starting material results in the complete synthesis leading to a TiN + TiB₂ composite. The higher shrinkage rate results from the higher purity of titanium dihydride, which, in its turn, increases the partial pressure of hydrogen in the reaction area and the reaction rate. Tetragonal titanium hydride is more preferable than cubic hydride and metal titanium. The microstructure of alloys resulting from the sintering of hydride-based mixtures is more homogenous: it includes equiaxial grains with the mean size of about 1 µm.