搅拌摩擦焊焊接参数对LF5接头性能的影响

主要研究搅拌摩擦焊接时焊接参数对LF5合金力学性能的影响,结果表明:当ω为定值时,随着ω/ν值的增加,强度和塑性值都增加,在达到最大后,塑性值到达峰值,继续增加ω/ν值,强度和塑性反而下降.当ω/ν为定值时,随着ω的增加,机械性能提高.并发现焊接接头性能的高低,除了和ω/ν有关外,还和ω的绝对值有关.     

Friction Stir Knead Welding of steel aluminium butt joints

To develop steel aluminium-tailored hybrids in a butt joint for sheets in a thickness of about 1 mm conventional Friction Stir Welding is not feasible due to a high distortion of the welded specimen. Contrary to Friction Stir Welding the tool used for Friction Stir Knead Welding has no pin wherefore higher welding speeds can be realised. Due to the fact that this is a newer process, applied for patent in 2005, the cut contours of the edges and their variations have to be optimised by numerical analysis to transfer a maximum of load in order to improve the formability. The examined materials in this paper are steel DC04, as well as the aluminium alloys AA5182 and AA6016 in sheet thicknesses of 1 mm. Accompanying experimental investigations, as tensile tests, will evaluate the quality of the welding mechanism. As the mechanics of the new welding technology is not fundamentally investigated until now, metallographic investigations are performed, and additionally micro hardness measurements are carried out to verify the changes in the hardness distribution in the welding zone after stirring and welding.     

Friction Stir Welding of Tailored Blanks: Investigation on Process Feasibility

Tailor welded blanks (TWBs) are conventionally produced by laser or traditional welding processes. In either case, the joints are created by solid-liquid-solid phase transformations that result in undesirable microstructures and tensile residual stresses detrimental to joint performance. This study investigates feasibility of an alternate joining process, friction stir welding (FSW). The joining of AA7075-T6 blanks of different thickness is investigated through FE analyses and controlled experiments. It is found that for a successful joint, the welding parameters have to be carefully designed so that the resulting metal flow and the temperature history during FSW are consistent for the two thicknesses.     

Effect of welding parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of AA6056 joints produced by Friction Stir Welding

The effect of processing parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of AA6056 joints produced by Friction Stir Welding was analysed in the present study. Different samples obtained by employing rotating speeds of 500, 800 and 1000 rpm and welding speeds of 40, 56 and 80 mm/min were produced. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by means of microhardness (HV) and tensile tests at room temperature. Fatigue tests on the welds were carried out by using a resonant electro-mechanical testing machine under constant loading control up to 250 Hz sine wave loading. The low cycle (LCF) and high cycle (HCF) fatigue tests were conducted in the axial total stress-amplitude control mode with R = σ_min/σ_max = 0.1, for all the welding and rotating speeds used in the present study. It was observed that the specimens welded at 56 mm/min showed the best behaviour in the low cycle regime. The microstructural evolution of the material was analysed by optical observations of the welds cross sections.     

Friction Stir Welding assisted by electrical Joule effect

This paper presents a variant of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) aiming to minimize or eliminate the root defects that still constitute a major constrain to a wider dissemination of FSW into industrial applications. The concept is based on the use of an external electrical energy source, delivering a high intensity current, passing through a thin layer of material between the back plate and the lower tip of the tool probe. Heat generated by Joule effect improves material viscoplasticity in this region, minimizing the root defects. The concept was validated by analytical and experimental analysis. For the later, a new dedicated tool was designed, manufactured and tested. Numerical simulations were performed to study the electrical current flow pattern and its effect on the material below the probe tip. The potential use of this variant was shown by reducing the size of the weld root defect, even for significant levels of lack of penetration, without affecting overall metallurgical characteristics of the welded joints.     

搅拌摩擦焊主轴位置液压伺服控制仿真与分析

搅拌摩擦焊接技术是一种新型固相焊接技术,由于其独特的技术优势正被广泛应用于铝合金等轻质合金板的焊接中。分析了基于液压伺服技术的搅拌摩擦焊接系统,推导出主轴液压伺服系统的数学模型,在MATLAB软件的Simulink模块中搭建控制模型,分别利用模糊PID和普通PID控制理论对控制模型进行仿真。通过分析仿真结果发现:模糊PID和普通PID控制方法虽然都能实现对主轴液压系统的伺服位置和力控制,但模糊PID控制不论是在响应时间、控制精度还是抗干扰能力方面都优于普通PID控制,并且通过实验验证了模糊PID控制的可行性。     

高强铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊可焊性分

针对7A52和2219高强铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊可焊性试验研究，初步探讨了工艺参数之间的内在联系及其对焊缝组织和接头性能影响。     

焊后塑性变形对搅拌摩擦焊AZ31镁合金耐腐蚀的影响

设计了AZ31镁合金的母材(BM)、搅拌摩擦焊接头(FSW)、焊后横向拉伸5%(FSW+T)和焊后拉伸加退火(FSW+T+A)等4组试样。通过对比4组试样在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,探索焊后塑性变形对接头耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果发现,AZ31镁合金的耐腐蚀性能在搅拌摩擦焊接后显著改善,但焊后横向拉伸将显著降低接头的耐腐蚀性能,而拉伸后退火处理使接头耐腐蚀性能增强。4组试样的腐蚀速率由大到小为:BM>FSW+T>FSW≈FSW+T+A。焊后横向拉伸在AZ31镁合金焊接接头中引入拉伸孪晶及位错滑移,两者对接头的耐腐蚀性能产生不利影响,但位错滑移所起的作用更显著。     

Experimental study on temperature distributions within the workpiece during friction stir welding of aluminum alloys

This study aims to experimentally explore the thermal histories and temperature distributions in a workpiece during a friction stir welding (FSW) process involving the butt joining of aluminum 6061-T6. Different types of thermocouple layout are devised to measure the temperature histories during FSW at different locations on the workpiece in the welding direction. Successful welding processes are achieved by appropriately controlling the maximum temperatures during the welding process. Regression analyses by the least squares method are used to predict the temperatures at the joint line. A second-order polynomial curve is found to best fit the experimental temperature values in the width direction of the workpiece. The Vickers hardness test is conducted on the welds to evaluate the hardness distribution in the thermal-mechanical affected zone, the heat affected zone, and the base metal zone. Tensile tests are also carried out, and the tensile strength of the welded product is compared with that of the base metal.     

镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术的研究进展

搅拌摩擦焊是一种节能、节材、清洁、高效的新型金属连接技术，特别适于轻金属的连接。铝合金搅拌摩擦焊技术已经在很多领域实现了工业应用，而镁合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究才刚刚开始。对搅拌摩擦焊的技术特点作了简要的介绍，并对镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺以及材料的组织与性能方面的研究进行了综述，并对以后的研究方向作了展望。     

搅拌摩擦焊接Al-Mg-(Zn) 合金的腐蚀行为

本文研究了搅拌摩擦焊接含Zn Al-Mg合金的腐蚀行为及焊后热处理对搅拌摩擦焊接合金腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,经焊后热处理后不同焊接区的最大腐蚀深度和主导腐蚀模式随Zn含量增加而发生明显变化。Zn的加入使主导腐蚀模式由晶间腐蚀变为点蚀。与加工硬化态合金相比,时效硬化态合金具有严重的电偶腐蚀倾向。对于析出强化Al-Mg-Zn合金而言,这在很大程度上与不连续分布的晶界析出相及丰富的晶内析出相的形成密切相关,而对无Zn的Al-Mg合金,其则与连续分布的晶界β-AlMg相相关。     

摩擦搅拌焊接过程残余应力的中子衍射法测量分析

利用中子衍射法测量了2024-T4铝合金板摩擦搅拌焊接头残余应力分布,得到了接头内部不同位置处的残余应力,研究了焊接速度对残余应力的影响。结果表明,纵向残余应力总体水平比横向残余应力高,是接头内的主要残余应力;当搅拌头转速相同时,提高焊接速度,纵向残余应力增大;横向残余应力除了在匙孔附近较大外,在其余位置处的残余应力都围绕0轴在拉应力与压应力之间波动,整体残余应力水平相对纵向残余应力小很多。     

Thermo-mechanical Analysis of Friction Stir Welding:A Review on Recent Advances

In recent studies, critical research interest exists in the thermo-mechanical analysis of the friction stir welding(FSW) process by numerical simulation. In this review, the thermo-mechanical analysis for FSW is overviewed regarding the computational approaches, the heat generation, the temperature, and the material fl ow behavior. Current concerns, challenges, and opportunities in current studies are discussed considering the application of the thermo-mechanical analysis. Generally, larger computational scale and better computational effi ciency are required to allow better spatial resolution in future analysis. The concepts and approaches demonstrated in the thermo-mechanical analysis for FSW open up quantitative prospects for the design of the FSW process.     

石墨烯对搅拌摩擦加工铝基复合材料性能的影响

采用结合粉末工艺的两步法搅拌摩擦加工制备石墨烯增强铝基复合材料,研究了石墨烯添加量对复合材料力学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明,石墨烯的添加对铝基复合材料性能有明显的影响,随石墨烯添加量增加,复合材料的硬度逐渐提高、塑性持续下降,而抗拉强度和电导率均呈先增后减的趋势。石墨烯体积分数为3.7%时,复合材料的抗拉强度最高,达到146.5 MPa,与同等加工条件下的纯铝相比,提高了78.7%,而石墨烯体积分数为1.3%时,复合材料的电导率最高,达到30.62 MS/m,较同等加工条件下的纯铝基体提高了53.4%。     

基于钻铣床的搅拌摩擦焊设备设计

以ZX50CA钻铣床为研究对象,采用液压技术对其压下装置进行设计,设计出一台适用于镁合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊的设备,选用3 mm厚的AZ31镁合金板材进行对接焊接实验。结果表明:当搅拌头转速为1400 r/min、焊接速度为15 mm/min、压紧力为1500 N时,焊接接头表面成形良好。通过实验证明,该设备能够满足搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数要求,适用于搅拌摩擦焊的实验研究,而且相对于大型专用搅拌摩擦焊设备,成本低,使用灵活、方便,为镁合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊设备的开发提供了很好的参考价值。     

Impact of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Process Parameters on Thermal Modeling and Heat Generation of Aluminum Alloy Joints

Friction stir welding(FSW)is a solid-state joining process,where joint properties largely depend on the amount of heat generation during the welding process.The objective of this paper was to develop a numerical thermomechanical model for FSW of aluminum–copper alloy AA2219 and analyze heat generation during the welding process.The thermomechanical model has been developed utilizing ANSYS~ APDL.The model was verified by comparing simulated temperature profile of three different weld schedules(i.e.,different combinations of weld parameters in real weld situations)from simulation with experimental results.Furthermore,the verified model was used to analyze the effect of different weld parameters on heat generation.Among all the weld parameters,the effect of rotational speed on heat generation is the highest.     

高强铝锂合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

研究了不同焊接工艺参数下高强铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的力学性能、断口形貌及显微组织。接头强度和伸长率均随焊速的增加先增加后减小，在焊速为200mm/min时，接头强度最高，接头强度系数为67％；伸长率也最高，达14.4％。经过时效处理接头强度系数提高到72.5％。分别对强度最高和最低的接头断口形貌、显微组织进行对比，分析两个参数下接头强度不同的原因。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接缺陷的研究进展

搅拌摩擦焊接技术是一种利用高速旋转的搅拌探头与工件摩擦产生的热量使被焊材料局部塑化的新型固相连接工艺.为提高铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头质量,对工艺参数的波动、装配和表面状态等原因产生的铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接特有的缺陷(包括缺陷的种类、特征及形成原因)进行分析.总结了缺陷对接头拉伸、疲劳性能的影响以及焊接缺陷的检测和修补方法.对改善铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头性能和提高焊接生产效率具有重要的理论意义和实际参考价值.     

AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接显微组织形成机制

搅拌摩擦焊接显微组织的一个显著特征就是焊核(Weld Nugget)的形成。采用AZ31镁合金为母材，通过金相和透射电镜分析搅拌摩擦焊接焊核的形成机制及接头不同区域的显微组织特征，并建立AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接的组织演变模型。结果显示，紧靠轴肩生成厚度约为37gm～47gm细密组织层。机械热影响区存在部分动态再结晶和较明显的塑性变形晶粒。焊缝底部有一厚约100gm～130gm的粗大组织层。熔核区的组织比较细小，沿厚度方向晶粒大小不均匀。同时提出一个焊核晶粒细化的简易模型，分析认为焊接过程中热过程和热机械搅拌作用对FSW接头组织的形成起决定性作用。     

A Fully Coupled Thermomechanical Model of Friction Stir Welding(FSW) and Numerical Studies on Process Parameters of Lightweight Aluminum Alloy Joints

This paper presents a new thermomechanical model of friction stir welding which is capable of simulating the three major steps of friction stir welding(FSW) process, i.e., plunge, dwell, and travel stages. A rate-dependent Johnson–Cook constitutive model is chosen to capture elasto-plastic work deformations during FSW. Two different weld schedules(i.e., plunge rate, rotational speed, and weld speed) are validated by comparing simulated temperature profiles with experimental results. Based on this model, the influences of various welding parameters on temperatures and energy generation during the welding process are investigated. Numerical results show that maximum temperature in FSW process increases with the decrease in plunge rate, and the frictional energy increases almost linearly with respect to time for different rotational speeds. Furthermore, low rotational speeds cause inadequate temperature distribution due to low frictional and plastic dissipation energy which eventually results in weld defects. When both the weld speed and rotational speed are increased, the contribution of plastic dissipation energy increases significantly and improved weld quality can be expected.