小型乘用车内空调气流组织的数值模拟研究

车内空调的热舒适性随着汽车在人们生活中愈加普及而受到重视,车内气流组织直接影响了车内温湿度和气流速度场的分布从而影响舒适度。本文以小型乘用车内气流组织为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方式对车内气流组织进行研究,提出了顶送风及顶送风加侧下送风的气流组织方式,详细分析了在不同送风模式下车内的温度场、速度场以及PMV及PPD的变化。数值模拟计算结果显示,顶送风及顶送风加侧下送风的气流组织方式对比当前普遍采用的侧下送风方式,能使驾乘区域速度场及温度场更优,从而提升驾乘人员的舒适度。     

某双层动车组中间车厢内气流场及热舒适性分析

空调列车车厢内部气流组织是研究列车内部环境的基础,满意的气流组织可使乘客获得较好的热舒适性。夏季极端环境下,以某双层动车组中间车厢为研究对象,基于非稳态k-ε湍流模型,运用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法对其内部流场进了仿真计算,得到了车内速度和温度的分布,同时对风道系统进行了优化,并根据流场指标和热舒适性指标分别对车内流场和乘客热舒适性进行了分析。研究表明:对于原风道系统,速度分布不均匀且不满足流场指标;对于优化后的风道系统:速度和温度分布均匀且基本满足流场指标;有效温差分布比较均匀,大部分区域处于-1.7℃～1.1℃范围内;乘客附近区域有效温差偏大,过道上方部分区域有效温差偏小;客室平均空气分布特性指标达到80.78%,大于80%,乘客热舒适性良好。     

冬季轻轨交通列车气流组织舒适度研究

针对冬季轻轨交通列车的气流组织舒适度,以长春市轻轨交通4号线为例,通过对车厢内空气进行温湿度和风速实测,及乘客对气流组织舒适度的评价进行研究;利用计算流体力学(CFD),通过增加热空气幕的方式改善车厢内气流组织形式,以期车厢内达到更优的舒适度.研究结果表明:受站台冷空气影响,车厢内空气温度明显下降,空气湿度和风速则符合...     

汽车空调热环境下气场仿真研究分析

以配置后空调出风口的汽车内室空气气流组织为研究对象,应用CFD技术对汽车车室内的流场进行数值模拟仿真。使用RNG k-ε模型以及其他辐射模型对车内温度场进行数值模拟计算。仿真结果表明,配置后出风口的汽车空调相比普通汽车空调室内流场性能更优,整个流场分布更均匀,能量利用率更高,并且运用不均匀系数、能量利用系数等评价指标对车内的温度场、速度场进行评价分析。为汽车空调热环境下气流组织以及优化设计提供理论依据。     

空调客车内部流场计算流体动力学数值模拟

针对某型空调客车，应用κ-ε紊流模型及贴体坐标，采用SIMPLE算法计算了室内气固耦合传热问题，采用Monte Carlo法分析计算了太阳透射辐射在车室内固体表面引起的附加热流变化，对空调客车室内气流场和温度场进行了数值模拟。通过实验测定对比分析，数值计算值与测定值基本吻合。研究结果表明：乘坐区乘客头部高度水平面内温度分布均匀，比较理想；回风口下方区域的温度和驾驶区司机头部温度偏高，对热舒适性不利。研究结果为改善车内人体冷热舒适性提供了理论依据，对车内气流组织优化设计有指导意义。     

空调对车内噪声影响的仿真分析

为研究市域列车空调系统对车内噪声的影响，本文结合边界元法和声线跟踪法，建立了市域列车空调声源车内噪声仿真模型，模型在低频区（160Hz以下）使用边界元法，考虑了空调机组和风道气流等声源在空调风道以及客室车厢内传播的特性，在高频区（160Hz以上）使用声线跟踪法，最终得到整个频段的车内噪声。选取车内中心距离地板1.6 m高度处的声压级仿真与试验结果进行对比，结果显示试验与仿真曲线的变化趋势基本一致，声压级总值相差1 dB以内，各频段声压级差值在5 dB以内，验证了声学模型的准确性。最后应用该模型对空调降噪措施进行了仿真，当仅存在空调声源时，在管道底部铺设2 m的玻璃丝绵可降低车内噪声4.0 dB(A)。     

高速动车组车内异常振动噪声特性与车轮非圆化关系研究

基于两种不同内装结构高速车厢(X车和Y车)的大量现场对比试验,对现役国产高速动车组表现出的X车内异常振 动、噪声问题进行详细调查研究。试验中考虑两种车厢同样的运营速度、相近外部气动激扰和相近的轨道激扰条件,同时两种被试验车辆在同列车中相邻编组,同为动车。对该型号多列动车组的两种车厢振动、噪声特性及磨耗轮进行长期跟踪测试,重点关注车内异响特性及车轮非圆化对其的影响,同时得到不同运行里程下车轮非圆化及车内噪声水平发展规律。试验研究表明,高速动车组的X车相比于Y车,存在异常振动及噪声现象,这种异常振动和噪声对高阶车轮非圆化敏感,同时X车异常振动、噪声还与其特殊车内结构布置有关。     

黏弹性阻尼材料用于列车车内减振降噪的试验研究

随着车辆轻量化和乘坐舒适性要求的提高,车内噪声振动控制成为关注的问题。采用研制开发的三种阻尼材料,改性沥青、水性涂料和丁基橡胶阻尼材料,分别对车厢进行约束层和自由层阻尼处理。车厢振动噪声现场试验结果表明,改性沥青和水性涂料比丁基橡胶减振降噪效果好。阻尼材料在整个频率上降低车厢上下地板的振动;安装有阻尼材料的车厢乘坐舒适性得到提高。随着车速的增加,改性沥青和水性涂料的减振降噪效果更明显。车内声学舒适性评价表明,响度比A声级更准确说明丁基橡胶对车内噪声的影响。     

高速列车乘客行为与车内平面布局研究

通过分析高速列车乘客的行为特征,对人因工程在高速列车车厢内平面布局设计中的应用进行了探讨.应用其中的原理研究了乘客行为与车内空间的关系,总结了不同时间段乘客的行为特征,提出了高速列车内饰平面布局建议,为高速列车车厢内平面布局设计提供依据.     

车窗开闭状态对双层列车车厢内火灾烟气特性的影响

车窗开闭状态对列车火灾影响较大,而在现有研究中,对双层列车火灾烟气特性研究较少。基于计算流体动力学理论(Computational dynamics theory, CFD),建立双层列车单节车厢的火灾数值计算模型,采用大涡模拟方法(Large eddy simulation,LES)对车内流场进行数值模拟。在火源位置、火源功率以及列车运行速度等参数不变的条件下,研究不同位置车窗的开闭状态对双层列车上下两层车厢内烟气特性的影响。结果表明,打开不同位置的车窗对车厢内烟气特性影响较大;打开火源前方的车窗使双层列车整节车厢的烟气层高度升高、CO浓度降低、烟气温度下降,车厢内烟气向有利于乘客逃生的方向发展;打开火源后方的车窗只降低车厢后部区域CO浓度和烟气温度,烟气层高度升高。根据研究结果,为双层列车逃生疏散设计提供参考。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.