金属切削设备的润滑管理

金属切削设备具有结构复杂、运动多样、润滑点多而复杂等特点,其润滑方式及润滑油脂应依据负荷、速度、温度、湿度等具体情况有针对性地进行选择.应从预防人手,防治结合,针对具体原因,综合治理设备漏油,采用监控、测量仪器检测等手段预防润滑故障,应用定人、定时、定点、定质、定量等原则使设备管理规范化、制度化.     

热等静压技术新进展

目前热等静压技术已广泛应用于航空、航天、能源、运输、电工、电子、化工和冶金等行业,用于生产高质量产品和制备新型材料.为了探讨和交流各国在热等静压设备、工艺研究及应用的发展动态,从1987年开始召开国际热等静压会议.2008年5月在美国加利福尼亚召开了第九届国际热等静压会议,本文就此次会议所报道的热等静压技术、应用及发展情况进行了概述,特别是对美国和俄罗斯热等静压技术作了介绍.     

高速线材轧制断丝原因分析与控制

针对小规格高速线材生产中出现的颈缩、断丝等现象,分析了生产中辊缝、张力、温度、辊环、导卫等轧制工艺参数设定与调整不当,电气和设备故障,结疤、缩孔、夹杂群等轧件的内外部缺陷等影响因素。讨论了张力设置、高温强度、小断面断丝和断丝受力分析等关键问题,指出机架间张力增大、轧件断面积减小和材料的强度极限降低是产生断丝的根本原因。...     

稀土元素对钢材性能的影响

针对钢材在高温高压下性能降低等问题,提出在钢材中加入Y、Ce、Zr等稀土元素,通过拉伸实验、高温氧化实验等方法对实验钢进行处理,利用SEM等表征手段观测样品氧化试样的表面形貌,截面形貌及显微组织等情况,最终得出,稀土元素Y、Ce、Zr可以改变钢体组织结构,细化晶粒,增强硬度,提高拉伸强度及屈服强度。     

独立学院本科专业设置现状的分析及思考

经对湖北省31所独立学院本科专业设置的现状进行统计分析,发现独立学院存在专业设置高度集中在工学、管理学、文学等一级学科,工商管理类、电气信息类、艺术类、经济学类、机械类等二级学科和英语、国际经济与贸易、艺术设计、电子信息工程、计算机科学与技术等专业点上,存在专业趋同等问题.独立学院专业设置应遵循应用性、前瞻性和特色性等原则,依托主办学校学科优势准确定位,根据区域经济发展要求适时调整,办出特色.     

各国对电子废弃物的回收利用

电子垃圾指各类报废的电脑、手机、电子产品等,虽说是垃圾,却仍具有很高的利用价值;从一些废旧手机、电脑等部件中,可以挑出含金银铜的元件,提炼出黄金等贵金属。但是,如果处理不当,电子垃圾中的汞、铬、铅等重金属会对环境和人类健康形成严重危害。     

山莨菪碱过量致抽搐1例

急性肠炎是夏秋季的常见病、多发病.多由细菌及病毒等微生物感染所致,其表现主要为腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、发热等,严重者可致脱水、电解质紊乱、休克等.     

武警黄金部队地质信息服务系统开发与实现

针对目前武警黄金部队内部数据分散、数据格式多样,信息检索与数据共享较难等问题,设计开发了地质信息服务系统。在全面分析地质资料信息资源特点、资料数据保存情况、软硬件环境设施以及业务需求的基础上,综合利用网络技术、GIS技术、集成数据库技术以及MapGIS K9数据中心等搭建一体化存储数据库,设计并实现了矿区、项目、资料等信息的综合管理、查询检索及在线浏览等功能模块,满足地质施工生产、项目管理和分析决策等工作对地质信息的需求     

古代寒号虫考论

寒号虫始见于<物类相感志>、<开宝本草>等书,明代杨慎等认为寒号虫即<礼记·月令>等文献记载的鹖鴠.寒号虫的粪便被称为五灵脂,是中药典籍中的一种药材,在古代北方,尤其是山西、陕西、河北、甘肃等地,都有采集和利用.由于寒号虫独特的生活习性,又被称为得过且过,成为虚荣、懒惰、落魄的象征.     

木耳溪金属矿开采技术条件分析评价

为了矿山经济、合理及安全的开发利用,针对矿区开采技术条件问题,开展水工环地质测量,实施水文地质钻探、水文地质和工程地质编录、抽水试验及取样测试等工作手段,对矿区开采技术条件进行深入分析。调查矿区含水层、隔水层、构造破碎带、岩溶等水文地质特征;分析地表水、地下水的补给、运移、排泄等条件,分析充水水源、矿坑涌水通道等主要充水因素,评价了矿床充水条件;对矿山可供利用的水源水质条件、水量等进行了调查评价。通过分析研究,得出了矿山水文地质、工程地质及环境地质条件属中等类型,矿山开采技术条件属中等复杂类型的结论。     

污水回用处理技术在翼钢环保工作中的应用

介绍了酒钢集团翼城钢铁有限责任公司新水储备量、新水水质状况,污水回用处理前后循环水运行参数,分析了翼钢生产中存在的问题,阐述了在污水回用处理工艺、处理能力、处理后达到的水质指标、回用水用途及节水效果,循环水利用率变化、社会效益和经济效益等情况。     

Effects of Flow Depth on Water Flow and Solute Transport in Furrow Irrigation: Field Data Analysis

Because of field-scale heterogeneity in soil hydraulic and solute transport properties, relatively large-scale experiments are now increasingly believed to be critical to better understand and predict the movement of water and dissolved solutes under field conditions. In this study, five field experiments were conducted on short blocked-end furrows to assess the effects of irrigation water level on water flow and solute transport in furrows. Three experiments were carried out, each of the same duration but with different amounts of water and solutes resulting from 6, 10, and 14 cm furrow water depths, designated as low, moderate, and high water levels, respectively. Two more experiments were performed with the same amounts of applied water and solute and, consequently, different durations, on furrows with depths of 6 and 10 cm of water. Results show that both the water level and the duration play an important role in transporting and distributing water and solutes in the soil profile. A positive correlation was found between water level and infiltrated amount of water or solute. Irrigation/solute application amounts increased with decreasing water level. Water and solutes were both distributed almost vertically (one-dimensionally) for the low water level and short application treatments, while they moved much more two-dimensionally with low and moderate water depths but longer application times. Irrigation with the 14 cm water level and short application time improved the distribution of water and solutes within the soil profiles, while also causing relatively less deep percolation of water and solutes as compared to low and moderate water levels and relatively long duration times.     

Impact of Soil Type and Compaction Conditions on Soil Water Characteristic

Tests were conducted to determine the variation of water content and pore water suction for compacted clayey soils. The soils had varying amounts of clay fraction with plasticities ranging from low to high plasticity. The unsaturated soil behavior was investigated for six conditions, covering a range of compactive efforts and water contents. The experimental data were fit to four commonly used models for the water content-pore water suction relationship. Each model provided a satisfactory fit to the experimental data. However, the individual parameters obtained from the curve fits varied significantly between models. The soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) were more sensitive to changes in compaction effort than changes in compaction water content. At similar water contents, the pore water suction increased with increasing compaction effort for each compaction condition and soil type. For all compaction conditions, the lowest plasticity soils retained the smallest water content and the highest plasticity soils retained the highest water content at a specified suction. In addition, SWCCs for soils compacted in the laboratory and in the field were similar.     

Stress responses of horses during a long period of transport in a commercial truck

OBJECTIVES: To characterize progressive patterns of dehydration, stress responses, and water consumption in horses transported long distances in hot weather and to evaluate various measurements in detecting dehydration and stress in transported horses. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 30 mature, healthy horses. PROCEDURE: The following 4 treatment groups were studied: horses that were penned and offered water every 5 hours (n = 5), horses that were penned and not offered water (5), horses that were transported in a truck and offered water every 5 hours (10), and horses that were transported and not offered water (10). The study commenced after 6 hours of water deprivation. Every 4 hours, the truck returned to the pen area and body weights were measured, physical examinations were performed, and blood samples were obtained. During this 1-hour period, water was offered to some horses, depending on treatment group. RESULTS: After 24 hours of transport, 3 horses were judged unable to continue and the study was terminated. Horses that were penned and offered water drank a mean of 38.2 L and horses that were transported and offered water drank 20.9 L, but some of the latter horses did not drink until after 19 or 24 hours of transport. In horses that were transported or penned and not offered water, serum electrolyte concentrations were greater than reference range values by 19 hours. Most horses that were transported and offered water consumed adequate water to postpone severe dehydration beyond 24 hours. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Tame horses in good condition and initially deprived of access of water for approximately 6 hours can be transported in groups in open trailers during hot, humid conditions for up to 24 hours before dehydration and fatigue become severe. Rectal temperature and appearance of the horses were the most useful measures for determining crisis situations.     

炼铁厂高炉供水问题及改造探讨

阐述了唐钢炼铁厂高炉安全供水、高炉水冷却、高炉水水质稳定问题,重点介绍了高炉正常供水和事故供水补水系统的改造,改造后满足了高炉生产。     

莱钢高炉节水措施的探索

莱钢高炉水系统存在诸多问题,如耗水量大,安全性差等。从加强企业节水管理,优化高炉供水工艺、应用高炉循环水节水技术以及稳定水质方面进行了探索,从而有效减少了高炉冶炼的用水,促进企业节能减排工作的发展。     

Evaluation of the Water Delivery Performance of the Menemen Left Bank Irrigation System Using Variables Measured On-Site

This study determines the water delivery performance at secondary and tertiary canal level of the Menemen Left Bank Irrigation system, an open canal irrigation system located in Turkey, for the irrigation seasons of the years 2005–2007. At secondary canal level, water supply ratio was used, and at tertiary level, the indicators of adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity were used. In calculating these indicators in this study, the amounts of water diverted to the canals, efficiency of water conveyance, and of water application were measured. Of these indicators, the water supply ratio was determined for the secondary canal, and the other indicators were determined for a total of six selected tertiary canals at the head, middle, and lower end of the secondary. At secondary level, the water supply ratios obtained to total irrigation water requirements for the months of July and August, when requirement for irrigation water is at a maximum, was determined to be less than one, while the water supply ratios obtained to net irrigation water requirement was found to be more than one. With regard to water delivery performance at tertiary level, adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity were found to be poor for each of the three years of the study, with efficiency rising to “fair” level only in 2005. In order to raise the water delivery performance of the system, it is necessary to reduce water conveyance losses to increase the water application efficiency, to prepare water distribution plans which take in tertiary canals, and to measure and monitor the water diverted to the canals.     

某矿区含砷地表水的治理研究

对某矿区含砷地表水的治理技术进行了研究。首先采用氧化剂对地表水中的砷进行催化氧化,并将其与Fe Cl3生成稳定的沉淀物从水中除去;然后采用浸没式超滤—反渗透法进行治理,其浸没式超滤工艺产出水可以用于矿区生产,反渗透工艺产出水可以用于居民生活,实现了分质供水。该联合治理工艺技术在得到了合格生产用水和生活用水的同时,将地表水中的砷得到了有效治理,降低了环境污染,提高了环境效益。     

无磷水处理方案在空分系统的应用

采用无磷水处理系列药剂处理空分系统冷却水,使循环水在4,0-4,5倍高浓缩倍数下运行处理,运行指标和检测数据均达到并优于国标规定的要求。工业应用6个月后,碳钢、铜及不锈钢等换热器均无明显锈蚀、污垢,无点蚀及锈镏,设备状况明显优于同类装置同期检修水平,并大幅度减少补水和排污,运行处理中循环水可达到排污标准。     

基于生石灰吸水性的适宜烧结制粒水分

为了有效发挥生石灰在制粒过程的作用,依据生石灰的吸水特性对烧结料制粒水分进行优化,是值得深入研究的工艺技术问题。考察了固定量配水、满足生石灰完全消化的配水,以及满足生石灰湿容量的配水等3种加水量选取方式,对烧结混合料制粒效果的影响。研究结果表明:烧结制粒过程中生石灰的吸水,一方面消耗于生成Ca(OH)2的化合水,另一方面还包括生石灰消化后自身吸收的物理水,二者影响烧结料的水分含量及分布;当制粒水分满足化合水消耗时,虽然烧结料水分得以保证,但消石灰和CaCO3吸水会争夺铁矿粉中的水分而影响制粒效果;当制粒水分满足生石灰湿容量时,可获得适宜烧结制粒水分,使铁矿粉中的水分得以保证,生石灰改善制粒的作用充分发挥。