氯化氢合成炉气体产量的推算

在氯化氢合成炉系统中,氢气是过量反应的,因此可以根据氯气的量来推算氯化氢的产量。本文讲述了通过氯气的流量推算氯化氢产量的方法,并列出了氯气在不同压力及流量下对应的氯化氢的产量,为实际生产提供理论依据。     

信息动态

1新型节能环保氯化氢合成炉介绍南通星球石墨设备有限公司研发生产的新型节能环保氯化氢石墨合成炉以氢气和氯气为原料生产氯化氢气体,同时副产0.8 MPa蒸汽。该系统主要设备包括氯气、氢气缓冲罐、副产蒸汽氯化氢石墨合成炉、蒸汽闪发罐、锅炉给水罐、锅炉给水加压泵、     

JX-300 DCS在HCl生产中的应用

采用国产石墨二合一HCl合成炉生产盐酸及氯化氢气体，整套装置运用DCS控制，具有氯气，氢气压力及氯氢配比稳定和报警，联锁等功能。     

混合器过氯保护装置

混合器过氯着火是电石法聚氯乙烯生产中易发生事故的环节。由于合成炉的配比为手动调节，而且前系统氢气、氯气压力的波动及纯度的高低直接影响了合成氯化氢时氢气、氯气的摩尔比，从而引发混合过氯着火，造成停车，甚至系统设备、管线的严重损坏。     

氯化氢合成智能化控制技术的开发及应用

介绍了氯化氢合成炉火焰自动监测技术的开发及应用,通过对火焰颜色和数据库标准燃烧图像的智能对比,分析出氯化氢占比,同时采用交叉限幅的氯氢比值控制方法,智能修正氢气与氯气的控制比值,使其始终保持理想比值,从而提高产品质量,提升装置的本质安全,实现氯化氢合成智能化控制。     

比值自动控制调节系统在氯化氢合成中的应用

针对氯化氢合成中人工调节氯气、氢气流量配比的不足之处,选择了比值自动调节系统。介绍自动配比控制系统的原理及实施方案。设置了安全连锁控制。采用自动调节系统可以节省人工成本、提高氯化氢产品的质量,保证安全生产。     

烧碱装置实现液氯零库存的工艺改造

介绍了陕西金泰氯碱化工有限公司生产过程中液氯的产生途径。给出液氯汽化工艺流程。提出利用液氯汽化装置产生的氯气与系统富余的氢气在合成炉内燃烧生产氯化氢,以实现液氯零库存,进一步降低生产过程中的安全风险。     

氯化氢合成炉温度检测与控制系统

在氯碱企业中,通常用电解工业盐生成的氯气和氢气通过管道输入合成炉中生成氯化氢,为生产聚氯乙烯提供原料。由于氯气通道中还要为生产其他产品提供原料,使氯气压力波动加大,对合成氯化氢干扰很大。另外,采用人工观察合成炉的火焰颜色和定时抽样检查合成氯化氢气体中氯化氢含量的方法来保证生产控制的误差较大,所以采用仪表检测和控制系统意义重大。     

氯碱生产节能降耗技术

介绍了氯碱生产中的节能降耗技术,包括：湿氯气热量回收,膜脱硝浓缩液中氯化钠回收,副产蒸汽氯化氢合成炉的应用,蒸汽冷凝水回收,反渗透制纯水工艺中浓水的回收,氢气锅炉及氢气燃料电池的应用,一次盐水精制工艺中磷酸盐的应用及氯化氢催化氧化制氯气技术.     

氢气处理工序异常的分析与处置

给出氢气处理工艺流程。分析氯化氢合成所需氢气的压力、温度及纯洁度的要求。通过对氢气处理系统进行技改,解决了氢气系统温度高、氢气后冷却器泄漏、氢气压缩机振动等异常情况。     

Optimization of hydrogen networks with constraints on hydrogen concentration and pure hydrogen load considered

The mathematical model of hydrogen network is developed to minimize the total exergy consumption of the hydrogen utility and compressor work. The constraint on the hydrogen to oil ratio of hydrogen consuming reactor is represented by that on pure hydrogen load of each sink. Instead of reducing the hydrogen concentration and pure hydrogen load to the minimum directly, all the possible combinations of them are considered. Furthermore, the optimal flow rate of each sink is taken as a variable in the model and the matching flow rate constraint is introduced to remove the source-sink match with small flow rate. This method can be applied to target the minimum utility consumption of systems with any number of impurities. In addition, both the hydrogen to oil ratio and hydrogen concentration can be guaranteed not be less than their lower limitations. The proposed method is applied to the hydrogen network of a real installation, and the results show the hydrogen utility saving potential accounts for 16.52% of the current hydrogen utility consumption.     

改造氢气处理工艺提高氢气质量

配合烧碱产能由3万t/a扩建到6万和t/a,对氢气处理工艺进行改进.将30 m2碳钢材质的氢气盐水预热器改成130m2不锈钢列管换热器;加大原有2台Ф800×5500氢气冷却洗涤塔的进出口管径,并增加1台Ф1200×6000的氢气洗涤塔作为Ⅰ段洗涤冷却;去掉氢气水冷却器.改造后,在达到扩能目的的同时,保证了氢气中含水量少、纯度高、质量好.     

氯化氢合成生产中氯氢配比的控制

介绍氯化氢合成工艺流程,讨论生产过程中氢气过量或氯气过量的危害,分析氯氢配比异常的原因,提出了保证氯氢配比符合工艺条件的控制措施。     

利用硫化氢制备氢气和硫化锌新方法

利用电化学溶解-沉淀法回收利用硫化氢制取氢气和硫化锌.考察了不同硫化氢含量、进气流速对吸收反应的影响,并对电解制氢和硫化氢吸收反应的双系统匹配运转进行了详细研究.结果表明,在温度为25℃、搅拌速率为100 r•min^-1条件下,硫化氢的一次吸收率可达99.9%以上,电解液可循环使用;电解反应可在低电压0.5 V和25℃条件下进行,制氢电耗低于1.2 kW•h•m^-3H₂.     

液体硫磺与氢气合成硫化氢新工艺

针对传统硫化氢合成方法的弊端,开发了由硫磺与氢气直接合成硫化氢气体的新工艺,给出了工艺的流程及工艺参数。该工艺流程短、设备紧凑、自控程度高、产气量大、产品质量稳定,能够满足市场对不同体积分数要求硫化氢产品的需求,特别是所产高纯硫化氢适用于生产多种精细含硫化合物。     

Epoxidation of propylene and direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide by hydrogen and oxygen

The autoreduction of palladium–platinum-containing titanium silicalite leads to an effective catalyst for the epoxidation of propylene to propylene oxide by O₂ in the presence of H₂. The one-pot reaction is favoured compared to the two-step reaction path.     

Direct production of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and hydrogen applying membrane-permeation mechanism

Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide is conducted using a palladium membrane reactor. The palladium membrane is prepared on the external surface of the porous α-alumina tubing, by electroless plating (ELP) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Thus prepared membrane is immersed into aqueous reaction solution. Hydrogen is supplied from inside of the palladium membrane, while oxygen was bubbled in the reaction solution. Both reacted at the surface of the membrane to produce hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is produced steadily for more than 80 h and the selectivity based on the amount of reacted hydrogen was estimated to be ca. 50%. The reactor performance is investigated in correlation with membrane properties and the hydrogen/oxygen supply pressures.     

Molecular hydrogen and spiltover hydrogen storage on high surface area carbon sorbents

A series of templated carbons with various high surface areas (2033–3798 m²/g) have been prepared using various microporous zeolites as hard templates. Molecular hydrogen storage and spiltover hydrogen storage on these templated carbons were investigated and compared with superactivated carbon AX-21 and other reported porous carbon sorbents at 298 K and 100 atm. Two relationships between the surface areas of these carbons and their hydrogen capacities were obtained. The relationship between molecular hydrogen capacity and surface area showed a 0.23 wt.% H₂/1000 m²/g of carbon sorbent at 298 K and 100 atm, indicating that merely increasing surface areas of the carbon sorbents cannot achieve a significant molecular hydrogen capacity at ambient temperature. Spiltover hydrogen storage was achieved by doping Pt nanoparticles (as dissociative hydrogen source) on these carbons (spiltover hydrogen receptor). Our first result on the relationship between the spiltover hydrogen capacity and surface area showed 0.4 wt.% H₂/1000 m²/g of carbon sorbent at 298 K and 100 atm, which indicated that storage via spillover can lead to an average of 70% enhancement compared to molecular hydrogen storage.     

The reaction thermodynamics of hydrogen sulfide decomposition into hydrogen and diatomic sulfur

To verify a hypothesis about the electronic state of diatomic gaseous sulfur formed during the low-temperature catalytic decomposition of hydrogen sulfide, we carried out some experiments to examine elemental sulfur dissociation. As shown, after heating at ～1000?K, elemental sulfur sealed in quartz ampoules with metal catalysts followed by quenching at room temperature did not produce any visible changes on solid sulfur. However, conversion of solid sulfur into gaseous diatomic sulfur can be realized via intermediate interaction of melted sulfur with hydrogen in the presence of Pt followed by decomposition of H₂S formed on the surface of the metal catalyst at room temperature. It is suggested that the conversion of the singlet sulfur atoms into the ground triplet state becomes feasible only on the surface of metal catalysts resulted from the dissociation of hydrogen sulfide into adsorbed atomic species.     

氢能未来与储氢金属材料技术

氢能是21世纪的重要二次能源。介绍了氢气的储运技术，特别是金属氢化物储氢技术的原理和特性。简要介绍了由普通氢气制备高压高纯氢气的装置和工艺流程。