棉织物洗涤中染料转移抑制的影响因素研究

研究了水硬度、用水量、洗涤温度和染料转移抑制剂（Dye?transfer?inhibitor,DTI）对直接蓝6的转移抑制影响。实验结果显示水硬度越小，用水量越大，温度越高，染料转移抑制效果越好。洗涤体系中Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺的存在不仅降低了纤维表面的Zeta电位，还降低了染料与纤维之间的静电排斥力，染料不易脱落。水量越大，染料质量浓度越低，洗涤体系中的初始动压增大，织物内的染料较快流过，减少在织物上的沉积。高温下染料分子解吸速率大于染色速率，20min的洗涤时间足以使染料从纤维上脱落。在0.3g/L质量浓度范围内DTI中仅有聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和它的交联聚合物对染料有明显的抑制作用。聚合物因具有许多亲水基团，易与染料结合。而吡啶-n-氧化物和月桂基甜菜碱属于小分子表面活性剂。     

4-氨基二苯胺的合成进展

4-氨基二苯胺(4-ADPA)俗称RT倍司，是染料和功能聚合物的重要中间体。在染料方面主要用于生产蓝色盐RT、酸性大红GR、分散黄GFL等染料。4-ADPA的另一个用途是制备聚合物加工助剂，如橡胶的抗氧剂、稳定剂和抗降解剂等功能性助剂。     

染料在聚合法制备静电复印色粉中的应用及对荷电性能的影响

介绍一种采用悬浮聚合法制备彩色静电复印粉的新工艺，染料和其它添加剂是在聚合反应之前加入。测试和讨论了几种染料对色粉荷电性能的影响，并且根据FTIR测试结果分析了染料与聚合物树脂之间的相互作用情况。     

肼及其衍生物在聚合物领域的应用

肼是性能优良的火箭单元推进剂。肼及其衍生物广泛应用于农业，电子，医药，染料，摄影和聚合物等领域。本文叙述了肼及其衍生物在发泡剂，酰肼聚合物，硫化添加剂，还原漂白剂及其他聚合物中的应用情况。     

2009年度用于涂料油墨及相关产品的有机颜料（续）

一、文献部分 通过优化聚合物的染料荷载能力而调整的色料 Hu W ＆ Others. Langmuir Vol 25, No.8,4352-5（2009） 由喹吖啶酮染料所发出的颜色调整是经由扩散至已固化的专有光固化组成的比例和沉积在感光聚合物表面（通过真空热蒸发）来加以改变，此比率通过改变不同的光固化时间，但沉积的染料量相同就能变化。此外，还论证了双色彩和多色彩在光刻图案光敏聚合物上的发光图样。40篇参考文献。     

基于细乳化/溶剂蒸发法制备复合纳米色素

采用细乳化/溶剂蒸发(MESE)的方法,制备了溶剂型染料/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合纳米色素。系统分析了不同实验参数,包括表面活性剂浓度、聚合物浓度、染料装载量及超声时间对所制备的染料/聚合物复合色素形态的影响。结合TEM、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及元素分析,发现借助MESE法制备染料/PMMA复合色素纳米颗粒具备核壳异质的微观结构。借助紫外-可见分光光度计测试了溶剂型染料经包覆后在水油两相的迁移过程,其随着聚合物溶解所发生的动态变化证实了染料已封装于聚合物壳内。所制备的染料/聚合物复合纳米色素表现出优异的光学稳定性能、存储稳定性能及耐水牢度。     

基于细乳化/溶剂蒸发法制备复合纳米色素

采用细乳化/溶剂蒸发(MESE)的方法,制备了溶剂型染料/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)复合纳米色素。系统分析了不同实验参数,包括表面活性剂浓度、聚合物浓度、染料装载量及超声时间对所制备的染料/聚合物复合色素形态的影响。结合TEM,X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及元素分析,发现借助MESE法制备染料/PMMA复合色素纳米颗粒具备核壳异质的微观结构。借助紫外-可见分光光度计测试了溶剂型染料经包覆后在水油两相的迁移过程,其随着聚合物溶解所发生的动态变化证实了染料已封装于聚合物壳内。所制备的染料/聚合物复合纳米色素表现出优异的光学稳定性能、存储稳定性能及耐水牢度。     

基于细乳化/溶剂蒸发法制备复合纳米色素

采用细乳化/溶剂蒸发（MESE）的方法,制备了溶剂型染料/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）复合纳米色素。系统分析了不同实验参数,包括表面活性剂浓度、聚合物浓度、染料装载量及超声时间对所制备的染料/聚合物复合色素形态的影响。结合TEM、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及元素分析,发现借助MESE法制备染料/PMMA复合色素纳米颗粒具备核壳异质的微观结构。借助紫外-可见分光光度计测试了溶剂型染料经包覆后在水油两相的迁移过程,其随着聚合物溶解所发生的动态变化证实了染料已封装于聚合物壳内。所制备的染料/聚合物复合纳米色素表现出优异的光学稳定性能、存储稳定性能及耐水牢度。     

染料废水的前处理作用研究

分别运用无机絮凝剂Al2（S04），和FeCl3，对染料废水进行了前处理试验。为了提高无机絮凝剂的絮凝沉淀和脱色作用，在实验过程中还加入了脱色剂和阴离子聚合物聚丙烯酰胺。无机絮凝剂及其助剂对染料废水具有较好的絮凝沉淀作用，可以作为染料废水的前处理过程。     

BODIPY类激光染料的合成及性能研究

BODIPY类染料以其光化学稳定性好、激光转换效率高、较大的激光发射和可调范围、溶解度好、激发态吸收截面小、三重态驰豫效率小等优点极大提升了光响应能力。在液体、固体聚合物介质中,BODIPY染料在泵浦脉冲下可以产生稳定的激光信号。通过染料分子结构和光物理性质研究,可以筛选出产生最优激光性能的结构和基质。主要介绍了染料共掺及改性聚合物基质固体染料激光的研究进展,同时对新型BODIPY类激光染料的研究现状进行了综述。     

固体粉末在聚合物基体中分散混合的数值模拟研究

根据聚合物混合理论以及固体粉末团聚体在聚合物基体中的破碎理论,提出利用累积尺度分布函数直接表征固体粉末团聚体在聚合物中分散效果的表征方法,并建立了相应的数值模型。利用这种方法得到的模拟结果与理论分析一致,说明在数值模拟中利用累积尺度分布函数表征固体粉末团聚体在聚合物中的分散混合效果是正确可行的。     

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMER MELTS (Ⅰ)UNIFIED MOLECULAR THEORY OF NON-LINEAR ISCOELASTICITY WITH CONSTRAINTS OF GAUSSIAN CHAIN ENTANGLEMENT FOR POLYMER MELTS

An approach with statistical mechanics and a unified molecular theory of non-linearviscoelasticity with constraints of Gaussian chain entanglement for polymer melts were proposed.Amultimode model structure for a single polymer chain with tail segments and N reversibleentanglement sites on the test polymer chain was developed.The probability distribution function ofthe end-to-end vector for a single polymer chain at entangled state and the viscoelastic free energyof deformation for polymer melts were calculated.Four types of stress-strain relationship and mem-ory function were derived from this theory.The above theoretical relationships were verified by experi-mental data of PS(polystyrene)and LDPE(low density polyethylene)melts.     

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF POLYMER MELTS (I) UNIFIED MOLECULAR THEORY OF NON-LINEAR ISCOELASTICITY WITH CONSTRAINTS OF GAUSSIAN CHAIN ENTANGLEMENT FOR POLYMER MELTS

An approach with statistical mechanics and a unified molecular theory of non-linearviscoelasticity with constraints of Gaussian chain entanglement for polymer melts were proposed.Amultimode model structure for a single polymer chain with tail segments and N reversibleentanglement sites on the test polymer chain was developed.The probability distribution function ofthe end-to-end vector for a single polymer chain at entangled state and the viscoelastic free energyof deformation for polymer melts were calculated.Four types of stress-strain relationship and mem-ory function were derived from this theory.The above theoretical relationships were verified by experi-mental data of PS(polystyrene)and LDPE(low density polyethylene)melts.     

高分子材料的老化表征方法

高分子材料的老化会使其性能降低,从而部分或完全丧失其使用价值,因此对高分子材料的老化与防老化研究已成为高分子科学的重要研究领域。本文从高分子材料老化过程中外观变化、力学性能变化、电性能变化、波普性能变化4个方面综述了高分子材料的老化表征方法,展望了表征高分子材料老化的研究方向。     

Characterization of drag reduction and degradation effects in the turbulent pipe flow of dilute polymer solutions

Turbulent drag reduction data were obtained at Re = 9000 in a 0.62-cm-I.D. pipe for five Polyox compounds covering a wide range of molecular weights. The concentration dependence of drag reduction was shown to obey an improved form of Virk's drag reduction equation, which was previously applied only to flows in capillary tubes. The efficiency of the drag-reducing polymer additives on a unit concentration basis at infinite dilution was determined by using a characteristic parameter, DR_m/[c], for each compound. A linear relationship was found to exist between this parameter and polymer molecular weight. The polymer degradation data were analyzed through use of a variable related to the dissipated energy in the wall region. The polymer molecular weight was found to decrease as a hyperbolic function of the dissipated energy function. By examining the change of molecular weight with respect to this function, a degradation index characteristic of the entire Polyox polymer family was established. This index may be of general application and provide a method by which the shear stability of various species of drag-reducing polymers may be meaningfully compared.     

丙烯酸甲酯与聚醋酸乙烯酯的核／壳乳液聚合反应

本文研究了丙烯酸甲酯在聚醋酸乙烯酯种子胶粒上的核/壳复合高分子乳液聚合反应。讨论了接枝聚合反应中引发剂的浓度、单体与聚合物的比例、乳化剂用量等工艺参数对该类接枝聚合反应的影响,提出了核/壳乳液聚合反应的一些反应规律。     

Study on percolation phenomena and mechanism of enhanced asphalt by polymers

Abstract

The properties of asphalt modified by styrene–butadiene–styrene, polyvinyl acetate and waste crumb rubber separately in a wide range of polymer loadings were studied in this paper. In analysing the relationship between polymer loading and modified asphalt properties, we found that the ductility of polymer modified asphalt measured at 5°C exhibited a percolation phenomenon, that is, as the loading of polymer exceeded a critical value, the ductility of modified asphalt changed abruptly. Furthermore, a percolation threshold differential existed. A rubber processing analyser, an optical microscope and a fluorescence microscope were used to characterise the microstructure of polymer modified asphalt and validate the occurrence of a polymer network in modified asphalt as a function of polymer loading. The percolation phenomenon of polymer modified asphalt was found to be associated with the polymer network in modified asphalt and can be well explained by the percolation mechanism of rubber toughened plastics.     

高度支化聚合物的应用研究

高度支化聚合物由于其独特的结构和性能使其在世界范围内越来越受到科学家们的关注，是目前发展最快的功能高分子材料之一。针对当今国内外对高度支化聚合物的合成尽应用研究成果进行了简要的综述，并对其以后发展作了展望和预测。     

智能型温敏形状记忆高分子材料的研究进展

综述了热致感应型形状记忆高分子材料的工作原理、形成记忆功能的方法及其分类和应用,介绍了热致感应型形状记忆纤维的生产技术和国内外研究发展状况,并对热致感应型形状记忆高分子材料的未来研究发展趋势作以评述。     

Preparation and application of a series of novel anionic acrylamide polymers with cyclodextrin sides

In this article, the synthesis and characterization of a new class of macromolecule water‐soluble polymers with cyclodextrin sides were presented, which possess molecular recognition function. The polymer composed with three functional monomers was investigated through an infrared spectrometry and a scanning electron microscope. Then, the rheological properties and the interaction with surfactant of this series of polymer samples were evaluated and compared with polyacrylamide to prove that they have superior rheology performance. Also, through the adsorption experiment it can be seen that the polymer has excellent performance in polymer flooding, and it can effectively reduce over 20% of the surfactant loss caused by stratum absorption in the process of polymer/surfactant flooding. These have laid a theoretical foundation for its application to enhance oil recovery. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011