北京市医院建筑能效计量及节能措施分析——以北京世纪坛医院为例

医院建筑用能复杂,对舒适度要求高,导致能耗居高不下。在国家大力倡导合理用能的情况下,北京市医院管理局组织各相关专业对北京市市属几家医院进行节能改造。通过对北京世纪坛医院进行实地调研,从建筑师的视角出发辅助以相关能效计量结果,得出该医院建筑能源消耗的不合理之处。并对其节能潜力进行分析,提出了针对建筑物本身的节能改造措施。同时使用建筑能耗模拟软件Designbuilder对其改造后的建筑进行能耗计算,对比改造前的能耗,进一步证实改造措施的可行性,为医院建筑相关的改造和新建工作提供参考。     

Methodology to estimate building energy consumption using EnergyPlus Benchmark Models

The evaluation of building energy consumption usually requires building energy profiles on an hourly basis. Computer simulations can be used to obtain this information but generating simulations requires a significant amount of experience, time, and effort to enter detailed building parameters. This paper presents a simple methodology to estimate hourly electrical and fuel energy consumption of a building by applying a series of predetermined coefficients to the monthly energy consumption data from electrical and fuel utility bills. The advantage of having predetermined coefficients is that it relieves the user from the burden of performing a detailed dynamic simulation of the building. The coefficients provided to the user are obtained by running EnergyPlus Benchmark Models simulations; thus, the simulation process is transparent to the user. The methodology has been applied to a hypothetical building placed both in Atlanta, GA, and in Meridian, MS, and in both cases, errors obtained for the estimated hourly energy consumption are mainly within 10%.     

Increasing innovation in home energy efficiency: Monte Carlo simulation of potential improvements

Despite the enormous potential for savings, there is little penetration of market-based solutions in the residential energy efficiency market. We hypothesize that there is a failure in the residential efficiency improvement market: due to lack of customer knowledge and capital to invest in improvements, there is unrecovered savings. In this paper, we model a means of extracting profit from those unrecovered energy savings with a market-based residential energy services company, or RESCO. We use a Monte Carlo simulation of the cost and performance of various improvements along with a hypothetical business model to derive general information about the financial viability of these companies. Despite the large amount of energy savings potential, we find that an average contract length with residential customers needs to be nearly 35 years to recoup the cost of the improvements. However, our modeling of an installer knowledge parameter indicates that experience plays a large part in minimizing the time to profitability for each home. Large numbers of inexperienced workers driven by government investment in this area could result in the installation of improvements with long payback periods, whereas a free market might eliminate companies making poor decisions.     

Modelling electricity consumption in office buildings: An agent based approach

In this paper, we develop an agent-based model which integrates four important elements, i.e. organisational energy management policies/regulations, energy management technologies, electric appliances and equipment, and human behaviour, to simulate the electricity consumption in office buildings. Based on a case study, we use this model to test the effectiveness of different electricity management strategies, and solve practical office electricity consumption problems. This paper theoretically contributes to an integration of the four elements involved in the complex organisational issue of office electricity consumption, and practically contributes to an application of an agent-based approach for office building electricity consumption study.     

BIM语义丰富研究与应用综述

近年来,随着BIM在建设项目管理中的应用不断深入,BIM在语义方面逐渐面临着更高的要求。BIM语义丰富已经逐渐成为当前研究热点,但目前仍缺乏关于BIM语义丰富的全面综述。因此,本文在广泛文献调研的基础上从方法和应用两个方面对BIM语义丰富进行了全面的回顾,梳理了BIM语义丰富研究涉及的关键技术及其应用现状,并分析和总结了现有研究的不足,为进一步开展BIM语义丰富相关研究及应用提供了参考。       

夏热冬暖地区居住建筑节能设计理念与节能设计剖析

建筑节能设计,不是简单的追求技术指标的满足,要用正确的设计理念,从建筑方案设计开始,构建建筑的良好节能特性,在节能设计中采用正确的节能措施,合理的细部构造及材料构造,达到提升建筑品质,提升生活品质的同时降低能耗。     

基于拆分算法的分项计量能耗管理系统及节能诊断

本文详细论述了建筑能耗管理系统、分项能耗拆分原理及系统的功能.该系统与传统电力监控系统相比更侧重能耗趋势预测与数据统计分析,能够对建筑不合理能耗给出节能预案,为大型公共建筑节能措施的实施提供了科学依据.     

夏热冬冷地区窗墙比对建筑能耗的影响

夏热冬冷地区建筑的全年空调耗冷量与窗墙比呈线性关系,但采暖耗热量与窗墙比的关系又与建筑所在地点有关。由于外墙朝南时的能耗最低,因此应在南向开窗,东西向不宜开窗。由于一定窗墙比范围内耗电量不变,所以可适当加大开窗面积。     

低碳减排的建筑设计实践

低碳减排是时代的命题,是人类生存发展的命题,建筑是耗能排碳大户,建筑师理应身体力行,跨入低碳减排行列,作出一份努力。本文通过本项目的低碳减排设计实践,倡导建筑设计新理念,以作抛砖引玉。     

Energy performance building evaluation in Mediterranean countries: Comparison between software simulations and operating rating simulation

The European Community introduced the energy certificate of buildings to reduce the energy consumption in buildings and emanated some standards in order to publicize the energy buildings certificate procedure. Consequently, to calculate energy performance of buildings (EPB), many numerical codes have been developed, which take into account several parameters in static or dynamic conditions.     

从建立健全节能监管体系探讨实施分项计量

通过对建立健全国家机关办公建筑和大型公共建筑节能监管体系的要求,以及分项计量的现状分析,探讨新建和既有政府办公建筑、大型公共建筑实施分项计量的必要性,提出了分项计量的划分方法、计量仪表的设置原则和安装措施等。     

天津市商场类典型建筑能耗现状及节能分析

本文通过对天津市商场类典型建筑近几年能耗的调查,得到商场类建筑的能耗数据。通过数据分析,得出商场类既有公共建筑的能耗现状,为天津市开展公共建筑节能工作提供参考。     

天津市办公建筑能耗调研及分析

对天津市552个办公建筑进行了调研,获得了建筑概况、耗电量等基础数据,筛选确定了24个样本建筑。分析计算得出,样本建筑2010年单位面积年总耗电量为26.79～125.45kW.h/(m2.a),平均值为64.25kW.h/(m2.a);2010年供暖期单位供暖面积耗热量为0.21～0.37GJ/(m2.a),平均耗热量为0.27GJ/(m2.a)。调研结果表明,天津市办公建筑存在较多问题,建筑能耗较大,具有较大的建筑节能空间。     

北京市办公建筑空调能耗的调查与分析

以大型公共建筑能源审计所获得的数据为样本,选取其中5栋具有代表性的办公建筑单位能耗统计数据进行分析,探究办公建筑能耗的基本状况及特点,通过计算空调系统分项能耗指标,提出相应措施与建议,为政府能源管理部门及用能单位自身加强能源管理、挖掘节能潜力,实现为办公建筑空调系统节能目标提供科学的依据。     

谈电梯的节能技术及能效分级

我国在用电梯的拥有量越来越大,其能耗问题也越来越受到社会各界关注。这里描述了我国电梯能耗的现状,列举了电梯的各种节能技术,并介绍了电梯能效的相关标准情况。     

欧盟建筑能效指令及其在欧洲的实施

为了促进各成员国降低能耗和二氧化碳排放量,欧盟于2002年12月通过了《建筑能效指令2002/91/EC》,并于2006年1月在其各成员国立法实施。介绍了该指令制定的背景和主要内容及其在欧盟各成员国尤其是在丹麦、德国和英国的实际执行情况。分析了该指令对我国节能事业的借鉴作用。     

不同类型大型公建电能消耗的特性比较

大型公共建筑的节能设计,首先需要全面了解建筑物各系统的设备状况。通过某商业办公楼和酒店建筑能耗实际计量数据,比较了几种主要耗电设备能耗的逐月、典型月逐日、典型日逐时单位面积电耗,总结了其用电规律,分析了其节能潜力所在。