Design of a solar absorption cooling system in a Greek hospital

Air conditioning of buildings is responsible for a large percentage of the greenhouse and ozone depletion effect, as refrigerant harmful gases are released into the atmosphere from conventional cooling systems. The need to implement advanced new concepts in building air conditioning systems is more crucial than ever today.Solar cooling systems (SCS) have the advantage of using absolutely harmless working fluids such as water, or solutions of certain salts. They are energy efficient and environmentally safe. They can be used, either as stand-alone systems or with conventional AC, to improve the indoor air quality of all types of buildings. The main goal is to utilize “zero emissions” technologies to reduce energy consumption and reduce CO₂ emissions.Amongst cooling technologies, absorption cooling seems to have a promising market potential.In this paper, the performance and economic evaluation of a solar heating and cooling system of a hospital in Crete, is studied using the transient simulation program (TRNSYS). The meteorological year file exploited the hourly weather data where produced by 30-year statistical process. The required data were obtained by Hellenic National Meteorological Service.The objective of this study is to simulate a complete system comprised of a solar collector, a storage tank, a backup heat source, a water cooling tower and a LiBr-H₂O absorption chiller. The exploitation of the results of the simulation provided the optimum sizing of the system.     

Energy and exergy analysis of PV/T air collectors connected in series

In this paper an attempt has been made to derive the analytical expressions for N hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air collectors connected in series. The performance of collectors is evaluated by considering the two different cases, namely, Case I (air collector is fully covered by PV module (glass to glass) and air flows above the absorber plate) and Case II (air collector is fully covered by PV module (glass to glass) and air flows below the absorber plate). This paper shows the detailed analysis of energy, exergy and electrical energy by varying the number of collectors and air velocity considering four weather conditions (a, b, c and d type) and five different cities (New Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Srinagar, and Jodhpur) of India. It is found that the collectors fully covered by PV module and air flows below the absorber plate gives better results in terms of thermal energy, electrical energy and exergy gain. Physical implementation of BIPV system has also been evaluated. If this type of system is installed on roof of building or integrated with building envelope will simultaneously fulfill the electricity generation for lighting purpose and hot air can be used for space heating or drying.     

住宅建筑节能优化设计

从屋顶保温隔热的节能设计、外墙节能设计、门窗节能设计、户型空间节能设计四个方面探讨了住宅建筑设计技巧,指出建筑节能是缓解能源紧缺矛盾,减轻环境污染,促进经济持续发展的最直接最廉价的措施,有利于推广建筑节能技术在工程设计中的应用。     

公共建筑空调系统能效比的探讨

本文结合成都市政府办公建筑能耗调查和空调系统实测,以一栋建筑为例,通过对其空调系统设计能效比和运行能效比的分析,总结出影响设计能效比和运行能效比的因素,提出空调系统设计能效比DEER不能作为评价空调系统节能运行指标的观点,并且论证了空调系统运行能效比SOEER作为评价空调系统节能运行的指标的必要性。     

Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of high efficiency solar heating and cooling systems for different Italian school buildings and climates

The paper investigates the energetic and economic feasibility of a solar-assisted heating and cooling system (SHC) for different types of school buildings and Italian climates. The SHC system under investigation is based on the coupling of evacuated solar collectors with a single-stage LiBr-H₂O absorption chiller; auxiliary energy for both heating and cooling is supplied by an electric-driven reversible heat pump. The SHC system was coupled with different types of school buildings located in three different Italian climatic zones. The analysis is carried out by means of a zero-dimensional transient simulation model, developed using the TRNSYS software; the analysis of the dynamic behaviour of the building was also included. An economic model is proposed, in order to assess the operating and capital costs of the systems under analysis. Furthermore, a parametric analysis and a subsequent mixed heuristic-deterministic optimization algorithm was implemented, in order to determine the set of the synthesis/design variables that maximize system profitability. The results are encouraging, as for the potential of energy saving. On the contrary, the SHC economic profitability can be achieved only in case of public funding policies (e.g. feed-in tariffs), as always happens for the great majority of renewable energy systems.     

通风与空调系统节能性能现场检测方法及节能性能分析

本文介绍了通风与空调系统节能性能检测的目的及具体方法,从而引申出通风与空调系统节能检测对建筑节能的重要性并对其节能检测进行探讨。     

浅谈医院建筑空调设计与节能

分析了医院建筑空调的能耗特点,节能与安全、节能与建设标准的关系,介绍了节能措施与途径.     

武汉写字楼的能源管理与节能改造分析

根据2007年武汉市能源审计结果,分析了写字楼的能源管理现状.对某写字楼进行了能耗模拟和节能改造模拟.能耗模拟结果表明,机组选型偏大,系统运行调节存在问题.建议提高系统综合能效比、实施照明控制和安装外遮阳;能耗模拟要考虑周边建筑的阴影.     

房屋建筑节能体系施工技术应用

探讨了房屋建筑保温节能体系的选定，介绍．了粘贴聚苯板薄抹灰面外保温系统的施工工艺及施工技术要点，并对其施工质量问题的产生原因进行了分析，提出了系统的施工质量控制要求，从而对建筑工程的节能起到了推动作用。     

Study on the performance of a solar assisted air source heat pump system for building heating

This paper proposed a new solar assisted air source heat pump system with flexible operational modes to improve the performance of the heating system. A mathematical model was established on the solar assisted air source heat pump system for building heating with a heating capacity of 10 kW, and an air source heat pump unit was developed to validate the model. The effect of the solar collector area on the performance of the system running in Nanjing was studied. The results showed that the COP of the heat pump unit was enhanced with the increase of the solar radiation density during the typical sunny day in the heating season. In addition, the COP also increased in proportion to the solar collector area. Compared with the case when the solar collector area was 0 m², the COP increase of the heat pump and the energy-saving rate were 11.22% and 24% respectively when the solar collector area was 40 m². Meanwhile, the solar equivalent generation power efficiency could reach 11.8%.     

一种节能节水的高层建筑中水供给新方案

介绍了一种针对高层中水供给的新方案,从该方案的设计思路出发,详细说明了该设计方案的工作流程和原理,给出了分层计算和成本估算,论证了该方案的可行性;最后总结了该设计方案在节能节水、降低对水泵要求等方面的特点,指出了该方案在中水供应设计中的应用前景。     

Exergy analysis of renewable energy-based climatisation systems for buildings: A critical view

Exergy is naturally related to the concept of quality of energy. Therefore, exergy analysis has been widely applied in parallel with energy analysis in order to find the most rational use of energy. Within the built environment a wide margin for exergy saving may be found. Actually, buildings require mostly low quality energy for thermal uses at low temperatures and nowadays their energy demand is mainly satisfied with high quality sources. Exergy analysis of renewable energy-based climatisation systems may be considered an emerging field, where different and often contrasting approaches are followed. Then, in this paper a comprehensive and critical view on the most recent studies on this topic is presented. Special attention is paid to the methodological aspects specifically related to climatisation systems and renewables, and to the comparison of the results. Main renewable energy-based heating and cooling systems are considered in detail. Finally, conclusions regarding the state of the art and possible trends on this field are derived, with the aim to highlight future research issues and promote further developments of this method. Furthermore, conclusions regarding the usability of the exergy method as a tool to promote a more efficient use of available energy sources are also derived.     

Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of a solar-assisted heating system for residential buildings

In this study, an exergoeconomic model was developed for analysis and optimization of solar heating systems with residential buildings. The optimum collector area (_Ac$A_{\mathrm{c}}$) and storage volume (V$V$) for solar-assisted heating system in the Elaz??, Turkey (38.7^°N)$(38.7^{°}\mathrm{N})$, weather conditions were obtained using MATLAB optimization toolbox. The energy and exergy losses in each of the components of a solar heating system with seasonal storage were also determined. The results showed that the exergy loss and total cost increased with increasing per house collector area for the trapeze and cylindirical tanks. It was found that the total cost of the cylindrical tank system was higher than that of the other trapeze tank system. The exergy loss at the cylindrical tank was 19.8%, while the exergy loss at the trapeze tank was 8.3%.     

大型公共建筑节能监管制度设计研究

通过大型公共建筑节能监管的目标识别、监管手段的选择,提出了由能耗统计、能源审计、用能定额和超定额加价四项制度构成的大型公共建筑节能监管制度;运用比较竞争理论和信息公开政策工具引入能效公示制度,论证能效公示制度对由能耗统计、能源审计、用能定额和超定额加价四项制度构成的节能监管效果的放大作用,确定我国大型公共建筑节能监管的关键是建立以能效公示制度为核心,以能耗统计为数据基础,以能源审计为技术支撑,以用能定额为用能标杆,以超定额加价为价格杠杆等的运行节能监管体系。     

房屋建筑节能体系施工技术应用

分析了建筑节能的重要性，详细介绍了目前施工中常用的外墙、门窗与屋面的节能技术，指出在大力推广现有施工节能技术的同时，要加强新型节能材料的开发和利用，从而使建筑节能真正得以实现。     

A study on modeling and performance assessment of a heat pump system for utilizing low temperature geothermal resources in buildings

Low and moderate geothermal resources are found in most areas of the world. A very efficient way to heat and air-condition homes and buildings is the utilization of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs), also known as geothermal heat pump (GHPs), to obtain heat energy from low temperature geothermal resources.     

北京市大型公共建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析

介绍了北京市大型公共建筑的数量、建筑面积、总体用能情况，根据能耗现场实测数据讨论了宾馆、商场、写字楼三类建筑的用能特点，分析了大型公共建筑的节能潜力，认为综合利用各类建筑节能技术，大型公共建筑可以节能30％-50％。     

现代建筑物综合节能与新能源利用的探索

分析了现代建筑物综合节能与新能源利用的必要性,主要对屋面、外墙、地热、门窗等节能设计要点进行了阐述,并探讨了各项节能设计中新能源的利用措施,以促进社会经济的可持续发展。     

Economic and exergy analysis of alternative plants for a zero carbon building complex

The feasibility of zero carbon emission plants for heating, air conditioning and domestic hot water (DHW) supply, is analyzed, with respect to conventional plants, for a new residential building complex to be constructed, in Northern Italy. Two zero carbon plants are considered: the first is composed of air-to-water heat pumps for space heating and cooling, PV solar collectors, air dehumidifiers, thermal solar collectors and a wood pellet boiler for DHW supply; in the second, the air-to-water heat pumps are replaced by ground-coupled heat pumps. The conventional plant is composed of a condensing gas boiler, single-apartment air to air heat pumps, and thermal solar collectors. The economic analysis shows that both zero carbon plants are feasible, and that the air-to air heat pumps yield a shorter payback time. The exergy analysis confirms the feasibility of both plants, and shows that the ground coupled heat pumps yield a higher exergy saving.