寒冷地区太阳能炕采暖系统

针对我国东北地区农村采用炕采暖的传统生活习惯,设计了一种太阳能炕采暖系统。该系统充分体现了传统炕采暖的优点,将蓄热池与火炕相结合,利用太阳能采暖低温水系统蓄热供暖,夏季可以提供生活热水,冬季可以同时供应热水和暖气。太阳炕下设有烟气、烟道,综合利用炊事和补燃烟气余热,达到节能的效果。     

西北村镇单体建筑室内空气质量研究

基于西北村镇传统单体建筑能源利用率低、室内空气质量差的现状,将传统建筑的供能系统改为冬季主要由太阳能热水系统为室内供暖且为住户提供生活热水,并对建筑室内空气质量进行试验测试,测试结果得到:室内SO_2、NO_2、CO含量的1 h平均值,TVOC含量的8 h平均值,CO_2、PM_(10)含量的日平均值、室内风速和室内空气相对湿度在试验周期内都符合GB/T 18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》的相关规定,室内温度平均值在太阳能热水系统供暖期间符合GB/T 50824—2013《农村居住建筑节能设计标准》的相关规定;经综合指数对室内空气质量进行评价,得出太阳能热水系统供能的西北村镇单体建筑空气质量级别属于Ⅱ级,空气质量评价结果为未污染。     

寒冷地区太阳能炕采暖系统

针对我国东北地区农村采用炕采暖的传统生活习惯,设计了一种太阳能炕采暖系统。该系统充分体现了传统炕采暖的优点,将蓄热池与火炕相结合,利用太阳能采暖低温水系统蓄热供暖,夏季可以提供生活热水,冬季可以同时供热,太阳炕下设有烟气烟道,综合利用炊事和补燃烟气余热,达到节能的效果。     

太阳能与电能互补供暧方案

为了改善冬冷夏热地区冬季室内热环境恶劣的现状,通过对该地区的气候特点、居住建筑的形式和消费水平等因素进行综合分析研究,提出太阳能与电能互补供暖新方案。太阳能与电能互补供暖方案是将电能与太阳能有机结合在一起巧妙的应用于地热供暖系统中。该方案不仅可以有效改善冬冷夏热地区住宅的室内热环境,大大提高居民生活的舒适性。而且能够满足当前生态节能建筑的设计要求,并且灵活的实现了以户为单位的分散式采暖。     

Solar integrated energy system for a green building

Shanghai is characteristic of subtropical monsoonal climate with the mean annual temperature of 17.6 °C, and receives annual total radiation above 4470 MJ/m² with approximately 2000 h of sunshine. A solar energy system capable of heating, cooling, natural ventilation and hot water supply has been built in Shanghai Research Institute of Building Science. The system mainly contains 150 m² solar collector arrays, two adsorption chillers, floor radiation heating pipes, finned tube heat exchangers and a hot water storage tank of 2.5 m³ in volume. It is used for heating in winter, cooling in summer, natural ventilation in spring and autumn, hot water supply in all the year for 460 m² building area. The whole system is controlled by an industrial control computer and operates automatically. Under typical weather condition of Shanghai, it is found that the average heating capacity is up to 25.04 kW in winter, the average refrigerating output reaches 15.31 kW in summer and the solar-enhanced natural ventilation air flow rate doubles in transitional seasons. The experimental investigation validated the practical effective operation of the adsorption cooling-based air-conditioning system. After 1-year operation, it is confirmed that the solar system contributes 70% total energy of the involved space for the weather conditions of Shanghai.     

夏热冬冷地区住宅冬季采用地板采暖的可行性分析

分析了在夏热冬冷地区,住宅采用低温热水地板辐射供暖方式的可行性,采用BIN参数分析法比较了家用空调与低温热水地板辐射供暖的能耗,提出空气源热泵为该地区最佳热源配置方案。     

昆明地区高层住宅太阳能热水系统设计

太阳能热水系统在多层居住建筑中已得到了广泛推广和运用,但在高层住宅中,采用太阳能热水系统的并不多见。结合实践工程,介绍了在高层住宅中应用太阳能热水系统的两种方式以及辅助热源的选择,并重点介绍一种新型热水系统循环方式——套管自循环技术,该技术解决了集中热水供应系统的一些弊端,优化了供水系统,既充分利用了太阳能,又满足了用户对热水的高品质要求,并极大地节约了循环系统的能耗。     

基于全寿命周期成本的建筑生活热水供应方案的经济性对比研究

以南京某高校新建学生宿舍区为研究对象,选取了 4 种建筑生活热水供应系统:电热水系统、太阳能热水系统、空气源热泵热水系统、加光热的热源塔热泵热水系统。分别计算 4 种系统的全寿命周期成本,即初投资和年运行成本,并利用设计热水单价、净现值 NPV、净现值率 NPVR 及动态投资回收期等指标对 4 种生活热水供应方案进行全寿命周期的经济性评估,结果表明,分散式的电热水系统全寿命周期内经济性最差,加光热的热源塔热泵热水供应系统投资净收益最高,收益率高,投资回收期短,具备很好的投资与建设价值。通过对 4 种方案的经济性评估,可以为中大型建筑的生活热水方案选择提供参考,在我国夏热冬冷地区有很大的推广和应用前景。     

夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑太阳能一体化技术的适用性研究

通过对夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑太阳能热水工程使用状况的调查,从适用性的角度,分析夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑太阳能一体化技术的应用问题,提出住宅建筑太阳能整合设计的可操作方法和途径。     

Low-energy envelope design of residential building in hot summer and cold winter zone in China

With the development of the economy, the demand for energy in hot summer and cold winter zone in China is increasing very fast while the energy supply is going short. Air conditioning both for cooling and heating accounts for more than 50% of the total electricity used in the residential sector. This paper used eQUEST software to analyze envelope design on energy saving of air conditioner (AC) and the effects of energy saving strategies on AC electric consumption of different orientation rooms in hot summer and cold winter zone in China, which included exterior wall thermal insulation, solar radiation absorptance of exterior wall, area ratio of window to wall, categories of glazing and kinds of shading system, and two combined strategies. The results indicate that envelope shading and exterior wall thermal insulation are the best strategies to decrease the AC electric consumption which achieved a saving of 11.31 and 11.55%. The optimization of different strategies can decrease the annual electric consumption of AC by 25.92%, and cooling and heating electric consumption is decreased by 21.08 and 34.77%, respectively.     

集中-分散太阳能供热水系统在多层住宅中的设计应用

多层住宅生活热水采用集中-分散太阳能供热水系统,环保、节能、管道布置灵活、运行费用低、管理方便,可依据住户生活习惯、天气及季节变化设置控制要求,较大限度的利用太阳能;热水用水定额、冷水计算温度及系统全年节能百分数等参数的选取对初投资及系统运行效果影响较大,需要合理取值。     

Modeling of an integrated solar system

The feasibility of using low-cost solar collection and storage technology to provide energy for residential units is investigated. Different construction strategies were compared including traditional housing practice against newly innovative ideas such as low radiant heating system, desiccant dehumidification, integrated low-cost solar collection, and phase-change material (PCM) storage. The selected building, located in Blacksburg, VA, integrated a solar thermal roof collection system consisting of a low-temperature flat-plate collector integrated within a concrete building envelope linked to a PCM storage tank. For the considered location and weather conditions (Blacksburg, VA), the proposed collection and storage solar system can supply 88% of the building's space heating and hot water needs averaged throughout the year saving the homeowner approximately 61.5% of the annual heating bills. However, the use of a storage system is not economical for the considered conditions. The paper also shows a month-by-month demand and supply distributions for the modeled building's heating and hot water needs.     

普及住宅建筑太阳能中央热水系统的探讨

根据福州地区的自然条件,针对福州地区住宅建筑利用太阳能的现状,阐述在福州地区的住宅建筑普及太阳能中央热水系统的可能性和意义。并提出普及太阳能中央热水系统的方案和建议。     

住宅建筑太阳能热水应用的调查研究

文章分析研究了近几年来开展的住宅建筑热水使用实态调查以及小区集中热水供应调查结果，提出了住宅建筑太阳能热水系统的整合设计方法。     

节能住宅的热水供应

住宅节能及可再生能源利用日益受到人们的关注,居民生活热水供应的节能呼声也越来越高.通过对住宅局部热水供应与集中热水供应方式的比较,各种热水制备方式的能耗比较以及家用与集中太阳能热水供应的比较,指出住宅太阳能集中热水供应系统是节能住宅热水供应的一个发展方向,并从太阳集热器面积的保证、节能性及推广应用的有利条件等方面对住宅太阳能集中热水供应系统进行了分析,指出了家用太阳能热水器在城市使用的不便之处及太阳能集中热水供应系统辅助加热设备的选择,着重从太阳能资源的热利用、居民热水用量及居民长期使用的经济性等三个角度对住宅太阳能集中热水供应系统的节能性进行了论述.     

太阳能采暖-热水联合系统在北京平谷区挂甲峪村的成功应用

本文叙述了太阳能采暖-热水联合系统在实际工程中应用的一个实例,简要介绍了利用太阳能和生物质等可再生能源满足用户冬季采暖、夏季用热水的可行性和优点,说明了实际工程的设计方法和运行状况,为太阳能热利用的不断发展提供了一定的实践经验。     

Wind loads on residential and large-scale solar collector models

Previous studies on solar water heaters have mainly focused on the thermal efficiency of various types of solar collectors, and there has been limited work done on the aerodynamic characteristics of solar collectors or their supporting structure. However, typhoons are among the natural hazards that have a costly impact on residential construction and solar water heaters are usually installed on the flat roofs of buildings for hot water production. Thus, the safety of solar water heaters under severe wind load during typhoon season is a critical issue in the promotion of solar water heaters. In this study, an experimental program was conducted to examine the aerodynamic characteristics of solar collector models (residential and large-scale solar water heaters). The unit sectional uplift coefficient with or without a guide plate is also addressed. Measurements of mean longitudinal and spanwise surface pressure were performed. The data show that the presence of a water storage tank (or a horizontal cylinder) tends to reduce the suction force on the upper surface within the first half of the tilt flat panel (solar collector). Stronger negative longitudinal differential mean pressure is observed for the test case of a tilt flat panel only, which corresponds to strong wind load. The inverted U-shape of mean spanwise pressure distributions is also noted. With a guide plate, less wind load and more uniformity of spanwise differential mean pressure distributions are associated with a larger projected area of a guide plate on the lower surface of a tilt flat panel. This is essentially attributed to the attenuation of corner vortices and a decrease in uplift force.     

基于ZJD—风机盘管装置实现太阳能与地下水暖通空调研究

ZJD-风机盘管空调装置既能应用太阳能真空管热水完成冬季采暖和室内热水供给,又能应用在夏季与地下水、地暖管水组合实现无压缩机式空调,有效利用自然清净能源,体现环保.介绍一种新型技术试验方案,以解决地下水用于制冷空调和太阳能热水解决室内采暖和热水供给,并对新疆地区太阳能和地冷水系统综合利用进行可行分析和优化,采用层次分析法和图解计算方法,对比冷热节能环保结果.提出全新的试验方案.     

太阳能热水系统在住宅设计中的应用

通过对住宅太阳能热水系统的设计,对多层和小高层住宅太阳能热水系统设计方案应遵循节水节能,经济安全、操作简单、容易计算的原则,在给排水的设计中,应充分利用太阳能并合理选择热水供应系统,为住户提供优质价廉舒适的热水。     

小型别墅季节蓄热型太阳能供热技术研究

本文首先根据小型别墅的热水供应和采暖需要,建立了小型别墅季节性蓄热太阳能供热系统流程,进而根据某一特定城市的气象数据,进行全年逐时的计算机模拟。在此基础上,研究了全年热导平衡,各月太阳能供热量,不同蓄热容量对全年太阳能保证率、集热器集热效率、水箱温度的影响。并由此得出结论：蓄热容积是集热而积的3倍左右时,集热器年平均集热效率较高,且在进入冬季时可利用水温差较大;且采用大蓄热容积配合分隔水箱的方式,可以有效提高太阳能在冬季的利用。