Thermal simulation software outputs: a framework to produce meaningful information for design decision-making

This paper describes a process used to develop and test a framework to produce thermal simulation post-processed information meaningful to building design decision-making. The framework adopts a user-centred approach in which the building designer is considered the ultimate simulation tool user either directly or indirectly when supported by consultants. The framework supports the building designer's ‘modus operandi’ and is developed through a set of interdisciplinary research methods. Participatory Action Research, Thematic Analysis and Grounded Theory are used, together with principles from Information Visualization, dynamic thermal modelling and Building Design, following a design approach to problem-solving taken from the discipline of Interaction Design. The various elements of the framework and their connections are derived from analysis of sequences of design actions made by novice designers undertaking complex design activities. Tests of the framework are undertaken through an online questionnaire and five semi-structured interviews with UK architectural design practices.     

整合介入——气候适应性建筑表皮的设计过程研究

气候适应性建筑表皮作为建筑物与空气、阳光、阴影和水的分界面。是协调内外环境的智能面层,已成为建筑表皮发展的新趋势。整合设计过程（IDP）也为可持续建筑设计（SBD）带来了新的契机。包括设计的创新以及设计决策的客观性。实际案例选择的建筑实践是将气候与地域文脉整合设计的典型案例,通过丰富的图例试图揭示气候适应性表皮构件复杂的层次关系。并体现出隐藏在建筑表皮外观下的建筑系统整合过程,凸显了整合设计的介入过程。     

气候条件驱动下建筑计算性设计方法研究

适应气候的建筑形态是降低建筑能耗以及营造舒适微气候的主要方法之一。通过计算性设计方法,可以在方案设计阶段对建筑性能进行优化。将设计条件与决策过程向数据和算法进行转化,是实现这一优化过程的关键。以建筑体量为研究对象,基于既往气候驱动下计算性设计的相关研究,针对工作流程中气候驱动因子的多维度整合、环境性能的多元化评价以及影响因子的参数化建构三个核心环节,建立了由“特征认知-逻辑转化-方法择取”构成的决策框架,并对其中关键性技术方法进行解析。最终结合工程实践,验证计算性设计方法在气候适应性设计中的应用价值。     

一体化设计引领更多生态建筑的问世

一体化设计(IDP)是一种更加整体的生态建筑设计思路,早在1990年初在加拿大C-2000项目和新思路挑战赛中就曾提出。实践证明,它比设备投入有更高的产出效益。     

基于PMBOK项目边界模型的工程集成设计框架及应用

通过问卷调查和中美设计模式的对比,经过回归论证和层次分析法论证,找出项目的重要控制点。基于PMBOK项目边界模型和四个重要的控制模块,提出基于PMBOK的项目边界模型的集成设计框架。通过一个外资项目的操作实例,展示如何运用该框架进行设计管理。集成设计框架模型适用于不同文化的团队,和高要求复杂项目的设计工况。在此框架下,无论项目在哪里,市场情况如何,监管要求如何,团队都可以出色地交付设计任务。     

Computer-aided energy—conscious design: primary school

New Local Authority school designs in Britain are required to better the thermal performance criteria laid down by the Department of Education and Science Design [1]. Such rules meet the need for background performance checks, but are unable to respond to design decision-making related to optimising the interaction between the building envelope and the climate, to minimise the use of applied energy.

In a recent 240-place primary school development project certain strategic decisions were required concerning the nature of the building fabric—the possible range of choice extended from earth-protected heavyweight to lightweight construction.

An interactive thermal prediction computer program BUILD provided an hour by hour simulation of each building model-type over a whole year and the results were used to decide on the most suitable structure to achieve a cost-effective energy-conscious design.     

地方性建筑节能法规在建筑设计中的作用——以《云南省民用建筑节能设计标准》为例

地方性节能标准不仅可以有效的利用自然资源、降低建筑能耗,而且也为建筑节能设计提供可实际操作的法律依据。以《云南省民用建筑节能设计标准》为例,从群体布局、建筑造型和利用可再生能源技术三方面研究其对建筑设计产生的影响,探讨地方性节能建筑法规在建筑设计中的作用。     

面向建筑方案的节能设计研究——设计流程和工具

建筑方案设计是建筑设计的决策阶段,应用模拟计算工具参与方案设计阶段的节能设计可实现在"源头"降低建筑能耗.本文详细分析了方案设计过程、建筑师需求和可获得的建筑信息,并总结了方案设计的特点.在此基础上,建立了模拟辅助方案节能设计的框架和工作流程,讨论了面向方案节能设计的模拟计算工具应满足的功能要求,为研究方案阶段节能计算方法奠定了基础.     

建筑方案设计中的太阳辐射模拟研究

合理利用太阳能资源是实现建筑节能的重要技术措施。为更合理的利用太阳能,运用Ecotect软件精确地对太阳辐射定量分析,建立太阳能辐射分析模型,对住宅建筑的设计方案进行模拟研究。根据建筑的功能特点以及周边区域的自然环境,建立分析模型,为建筑进一步深化设计以及施工提供可靠依据。以武汉蔡甸区一栋低层钢结构住宅为例,通过建筑场地太阳辐射、遮阳构件、光伏系统以及蓄热墙体的模拟分析,对建筑设计方案进行优化,并分析评价方案优化后的建筑采光及节能效果,为工程师在设计建造过程中提供科学指南。     

向着“IDP-BIM”框架体系转变：“可持续性发展之屋”的实例研究

IDP和BIM已经被公认为是解决建筑行业离散化问题的两个途径。然而要实施新的方法和工具,需要在设计实践中采取重大变革。本篇表述了一个研究项目中的一部分,该项目的最终目标是开发一种新型的知识体系,即IDP-BIM框架体系。本文着重阐述了在该背景下所实施的案例研究,包括对一座高性能建筑——位于蒙特利尔的＂可持续性发展之屋（HSD）＂的设计程序进行的族群观察,并探讨了拟定的可持续性策略的针对性。该实例研究的另一个尝试是在由专业人士团队完成设计后,采用BIM技术对设计过程进行了＂逆向工程＂设计。本文展现了这部分实例研究的成果,旨在为综合建模确定一个最佳数字环境和顺畅的工作流程。为全面表达项目,我们首先建立了该建筑的BIM模型（基于Revi软件）。然后,我们为规划、施工过程的成本估算模拟、被动式太阳热能和照明模拟进行了性能和互操作性测试。本实例研究的结果涵盖了以下方面Revit软件在设计最初阶段的可用性;主BIM模型的互操作性和数据交换能力,模拟结果的一致性。我们还为可持续性发展之屋的设计者提供了一些建议。工作流程的研究结果也丰富了＂IDP-BIM＂模型框架体系。     

Decision‐making in a model‐based design process

Decisions early in the design process have a big impact on the life cycle performance of a building. The outcome of a construction project can be improved if different design options can rapidly be analysed to assist the client and design team in making informed decisions in the design process. A model‐based design approach can facilitate the decision‐making process if the design alternatives' performances can be evaluated and compared. A decision‐making framework using a performance‐based design process in the early design phase is proposed. It is developed to support decision‐makers to take informed decisions regarding the life cycle performance of a building. A scenario is developed in order to demonstrate the proposed framework of evaluating the different design alternatives' energy performance. The framework is applicable to decision‐making in a structured design process, where design alternatives consisting of both objective and subjective evaluation criteria can be evaluated.     

Study on energy efficient envelope design for telecommunication base station in Guangzhou

Telecommunication base station (TBS) buildings have large numbers, high energy consumptions and great potentials on energy conservation. Through field investigation of a typical TBS in Guangzhou, the basic information of TBS was achieved, the key factors influencing energy consumption of TBS were determined and several energy efficient envelope designs were proposed. The effect on annual cooling load was analyzed for each energy efficient design and the combined effects were achieved for several combinations of the designs by thermal simulation. The energy efficient design strategy of building envelope for TBS in Guangzhou was proposed.     

A new approach to performance-based building design exploration using linear inverse modeling

Despite the development of a large number of building performance simulation tools, designers still need a systematic framework appropriate for energy-oriented decision-making in the early stages of design. While the current workflow follows a “forward” modelling procedure in which simulation tools predict the performance of a design, this study proposes an “inverse” procedure that entails a performance objective that estimates design parameters. Using linear inverse modelling, this approach generates plausible ranges for design parameters given a preferred thermal performance. The paper begins by demonstrating that thermal demand in a particular building operation-and-climate condition can be expressed as a linear regression model and then, in two case-studies, uses the regression model to develop an inverse algorithm. After defining energy performance targets as input, users obtain a probabilistic estimate of design parameters as output that represents a large “menu” of feasible design solutions, provides confidence, and embodies the iterative nature of design.     

设计光亮——光与空间设计一体化研究

光亮的设计绝不只是设计中的技术问题,而是视觉设计本身.本文阐述以视觉设计结合建筑设计和光环境设计的观念与方法,使两者不再是两个分离的阶段,而成为同一本体同一过程的两面.     

浅谈清远市建筑节能设计与施工中的存在问题及监管对策

在近几年的建筑节能监督管理过程中,笔者发现清远市在建筑节能设计与施工过程中还存在一些问题,本文针对这些问题提出了一些监督管理的对策,供同行参考。     

Building energy system optimizations with utilization of waste heat from cogenerations by means of genetic algorithm

Distributed energy systems based on cogeneration offer significant potential to save energy since they effectively utilize waste heat from power generators. However, unless there is an appropriate combination of machinery and operations, the planned performance cannot be achieved. Thus, it is quite difficult to determine the optimal combination of machinery and operations. For this, an optimal design approach is needed. In this study, a new optimal design method for building energy systems is proposed. There are an enormous variety of combinations with regard to energy supply and demand. This method designs the most efficient energy system by optimizing the operation of available systems with consideration for the optimal capacity of machinery in the systems. Optimization algorithms known as “genetic algorithms” (GAs) with the capacity to deal with non-linear optimization problems have been adopted in this optimization analysis. In this study, a single-building energy system is evaluated. The result shows that the proposed method is sufficiently capable of optimizing the design, and has the potential to be applied to very complex energy systems with appropriate improvements.     

深圳市福田科技广场建筑的环保节能设计

建筑环保节能设计是一种集成化、多元化和整体化的新型建筑设计方法。本文以深圳市福田科技广场建筑为例,主要叙述建筑环保节能设计方法及相应的技术支持,深化其中的多个关键环节,诸如建筑节能设计、建筑节水设计、太阳能系统综合利用、空调系统节能设计等;并突出建筑环保技能设计过程中人、建筑、自然(环境)三者之间的关系。     

零能耗建筑的整合设计与实践——以清华大学O-House太阳能实验住宅为例

针对建筑、技术和工程的整合设计是可持续建筑设计的一项重要议题。城市住宅面临人口密度高、建造方法传统、建筑物理性能缺陷、系统设备老化和资源紧缺等诸多问题,且这些问题在中国大中城市尤为显著,因此,整合可持续策略与住宅建筑设计成为一项挑战。本文意在建立一个基于中国住宅市场情况、在零能耗住宅设计到建造的过程中、整合可持续策略的技术框架。O-House是中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛的参赛作品之一,是一个面向中国住宅市场的零能耗建筑。该实例证明了建筑的组成发展模式、建筑设计和材料、建筑与可再生资源策略利用的一体化、建筑与系统设备一体化、建筑与室内家具一体化等整合设计的策略和流程。文末列举了可持续住宅设计的利用范围领域,同时指出未来发展中可能存在的优势和局限。     

Multi-criteria decision-making model for whole life costing design

Various decision-making tools have been reviewed. The interview surveys revealed that some typical bad decisions made in building designs may cause problems in building maintenance. Therefore, the importance of decision making involving multiple criteria during whole life costing (WLC) design is highlighted. Several methods have been assessed in interview surveys, aiming to solve WLC decision-making problems. During structured interview surveys, some methods are found unsuitable for decision making in WLC design process. The appropriate methods are selected at each stage of the decision-making process to develop an integrated fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making tool.     

A framework to integrate object-oriented physical modelling with building information modelling for building thermal simulation

This paper presents a framework for integrating building information modelling (BIM) and object-oriented physical modelling-based building energy modelling (BEM) focusing on thermal simulation to support decision-making in the design process. The framework is made of a system interface between BIM and Modelica-based BEM and the visualization of simulation results for building designers. The interface consists of the following two major features: (1) pre-processing BIM models to add required thermal parameters into BIM and generate the building topology and (2) translating BIM to Modelica-based building energy modelling automatically and running the thermal simulation. The visualization component presents the simulation results in BIM for designers to understand the relationship between design decisions and the building performance. For the framework implementation, we have created a ModelicaBIM library and utilized the Modelica Buildings library developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We conducted a case study to demonstrate and validate the framework simulation results.