The impact of temperature and moisture on the thermal performance of stone wool

Fibrous insulating materials are used both for building and industrial applications. They present interesting characteristics of performance for low and high temperatures and also for moisture and wetness. In the case of industrial applications the performance of insulating materials under high temperatures is of particular interest whilst in the case of buildings the possibility of changes in the building materials’ properties because of the penetration and residence of moisture in them is always to be considered. In the case of insulating materials such damages initially may have an energy cost, since they reduce the insulating ability of the material. Furthermore, there may be economic consequences, like in the case of the insulating material and/or the coating becoming wet, with the implied partial or even total destruction of the latter, whilst in extreme circumstances there may occur consequences for the safety in case of corroding the subjacent concrete. Nevertheless, even in the simplest case of wet materials, the consequences are not to be regarded as insignificant. A model was developed which allows the evaluation of stone wool under varying temperature and humidity conditions. The latter characteristics were also verified by long-term laboratory experiments. The methodological approach, the experimental procedure and the results are discussed in this paper.     

夏热冬冷地区气候适应性可再生能源建筑研究

当前,可再生能源已经成为世界各国竞相开发的重要领域。在建筑行业,可再生能源已经被高度关注并在很多国家广泛应用。结合以湖北武汉华中科技大学既有校舍扩建和改造(000PK),通过利用可再生能源技术,提出了具有夏热冬冷地区气候适应性的动态复合围护结构、气候适应性窗、太阳能建筑一体化系统、地下冷热源系统、地板送风系统等节能技术措施。同时,针对建筑的运行和使用状况进行相应的测试分析。该建筑在充分利用可再生能源实现建筑低能耗基础上,不仅达到节能、节地、节水、节材,减少污染和保护环境的目的,同时为中国夏热冬冷地区的可再生能源利用和建筑节能提供技术参考。     

建筑外墙不同选材方案的碳排放量对比分析

将碳排放量作为建筑选材方案的评价指标之一,研究将外墙不同选材方案的碳排放量进行对比分析。基于不同保温材质相同保温效果的4种方案碳排放量计算分析表明,材料生产阶段碳排量相差较大,碳排放量最大的为200mm复合砖,因其保温填料灌装工序需要额外消耗能源,增加材料生产阶段的碳排放量,因保温效果相同,使用阶段的碳排放量也基本相同。基于相同保温材质不同砌体材质的3种方案碳排放计算结果表明,尽管同等砌体材料厚度下,复合砖材料生产阶段的碳排放量较大,但相对于普通烧结页岩空心砖、蒸压加气混凝土砌块而言,复合砖具有更好的热工性能,可降低使用阶段的能耗,减少使用阶段的碳排放量。     

Composite materials from local resources

An overview of building materials from local resources is briefly presented with a particular attention on natural fibres based composites. Natural fibres are low-cost, locally available in abundance and obtained from renewable resources. At the Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, the potential of sisal and jute fibres as reinforcements have been systematically investigated to overcome their well-defined problems of moisture absorption. The performance of polymer composites made from these natural fibres and unsaturated polyester/epoxy resin was evaluated under various humidity, hygrothermal and weathering conditions. Consequent to this, various composite products such as laminates/panels, doors, roofing sheets, shuttering and dough moulding compound have been prepared. The suitability to these products is assessed as an alternate material according to the existing Indian standard specifications. The process know-how for the manufacturing of natural fibre composite panels/door shutters has also been commercialized.     

加气混凝土湿物理性质的测定

分析建筑围护结构的热湿过程有着重要意义,而材料的物理性质是完成分析必不可少的参数。对中国常用多孔建筑材料而言,其湿物理性质并不完备。在20~25℃下,依据ISO和ASTM标准,通过平衡吸放湿实验、压力平板实验、蒸汽渗透实验、毛细吸水实验和真空饱和实验,对中国产B07级加气混凝土进行了测试,得到了包括等温吸放湿曲线、保水曲线、蒸汽渗透系数、液态水扩散系数、吸水系数、毛细饱和含湿量和真空饱和含湿量在内的所有湿物理性质。     

导光管在体育馆天然光环境设计中的应用

建筑设计为营造自然光环境往往引入导光管照明系统,本文以北京科技大学体育馆为例,重点分析了导光管应用于体育馆天然光环境设计的可行性。     

HL节能型保温砂浆在工程中的应用

简要分析了原材料及其用量对保温砂浆性能的影响,探讨了HL型节能建筑外墙保温砂浆的性能及其在工程中的应用,重点介绍了HL节能型保温砂浆的施工工艺,以推广HL节能型保温砂浆的应用。     

可再生能源在绿色建筑中的利用现状

现阶段,建筑可再生能源的利用呈现如下趋势：在建筑单体上,综合开发利用场地内的多种可再生能源,满足了建筑电、热、冷等不同能源品味能源的需求;在一定建设区域内,可以统筹不同建筑的能源需求与环境资源状况,构建可再生能源利用网络,充分利用各种可再生能源。     

湖北省可再生能源建筑应用现状与前景分析

对湖北省太阳能、浅层地热能、生物质能和风能资源的丰富程度、分布状况进行了评估和分析,对湖北省“十二五”城镇建筑和农村用能需求量进行了预测,同时时湖北省现阶段可再生能源建筑应用的政策法规、技术标准、产业发展及工程应用规模进行了统计和分析,指出存在的问题,提出了几点建议,为湖北省可再生能源建筑应用“十二五”发展提供理论参考...     

可再生能源在绿色建筑中的复合应用技术

可再生能源技术是实现绿色建筑的可靠保障之一。然而单一的可再生能源由于其本身的缺陷,应用有其局限性。本文提出了可再生能源在暖通空调中复合应用的思想。着重介绍了三种可再生能源的复合利用形式:太阳能和自然风、土壤能和太阳能以及自然风和蒸发冷却技术的复合利用。     

从建筑碳排放达峰看地热能的技术特性

针对地热能等可再生能源在建筑碳达峰碳中和过程中的重要作用,从地热能基本特征出发,深入分析了地热能的技术特性及其与建筑能源需求的高度契合性,揭示出地热能在建筑中利用的形式多样性、天然适配性、高效节能性、绿色低碳性,表明地热能利用是建筑领域节能减排的有效手段,有助于尽早实现2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和的目标.     

绿色建材现状及发展趋势

随着人们对资源环境的重视,绿色建筑的理念逐渐深入人心。建筑材料是建筑的载体,只有采用绿色建材以及相关技术手段,才能构建绿色建筑,实现节约能源、保护环境的目标。讨论了绿色建材与绿色建筑的关系,总结了绿色建材的定义、评价方法以及国内外绿色建材发展现状,最后提出了我国绿色建材的发展趋势。     

浅谈可再生资源在未来建筑中的利用

对太阳能建筑、自然通风、土壤、地下水等可再生资源的利用技术作了介绍 ,分析了其技术及经济的可行性 ,指出可再生资源的利用 ,对于中国的可持续发展 ,保护生态环境 ,节约能耗具有战略意义     

太原市可再生能源在建筑中应用的研究探索

分析了太原市地理气候条件及可再生能源状况,介绍了太原市可再生能源在建筑中利用的原则及应用投资运行费用,并探讨了太原市可再生能源的应用前景及成效,对实现建筑节能具有重要意义。     

夏热冬冷地区建筑节能的技术策略

本文针对夏热冬冷地区的气候条件特点,提出该地区建筑节能的重点应放在减少夏季建筑能耗上;着重从建筑设计阶段的节能、天然及可再生能源的利用以及暖通空调等方面谈了该地区建筑节能的技术策略,并提出了推进该地区建筑节能工作的相关建议。     

外墙自保温体系在夏热冬冷地区的可行性分析

建筑外围护结构自保温体系能有效解决传统保温技术的不足,不仅能就地取材,利用再生资源,而且能符合国家墙改政策,走工业化、产业化的道路;文章介绍了该体系应用时具有安全可靠、耐久性好、节能投资省等优点;发展前景广阔,更适用于夏热冬冷地区的建筑节能。     

Comparison of experimental and numerical results of wood-frame wall assemblies wetted by simulated wind-driven rain infiltration

A large-scale building envelope experiment was conducted to study the effect of three sheathing materials and two vapor retarders on the drying performance of walls exposed to simulated rain infiltration in springtime in Montreal. The moisture source was a pre-wetted component within the wall called the bottom plate insert. Its moisture content was monitored on a daily basis through the course of the 35-day experiment. The experimental set-up was simulated using a two-dimensional hygrothermal model, WUFI-2D, and the moisture content within the bottom plate inserts was used to study the ability of the model to predict the wall response to the initial liquid water load. The differences between the experimental results are mainly attributed to: air convection loops within the insulated space, which are not accounted for in the simulation; estimation of the initial moisture content distribution within the bottom plate inserts in the simulation; isotropic material properties for an orthotropic material like wood material properties that were taken from a variety of sources and did not cover the entire moisture content range and use of a two-dimensional domain to simulate three-dimensional wall systems.     

河南地区公共建筑绿色节能设计——以双零楼为例

随着我国经济的飞速发展和建筑数量的持续增加,我国的建筑能耗也急剧增加,这给我国的能源资源带来巨大的压力,绿色建筑的发展已经刻不容缓,但是河南在这方面的发展相对比较落后。结合河南地区公共建筑"双零楼"实例,围绕绿色建筑设计这个主题,从建筑围护结构、建筑屋顶设计、可再生能源的利用、水资源综合利用等方面进行综合设计,从而为使用者提供绿色、节能、环保的工作生活环境,也为河南地区进行绿色建筑设计提供了有效的借鉴。     

Interpretation of Low-carbon City Planning and Design——A Case Study of Gaochun Zijin Science and Technology Special Community

It is an important and unique approach of achieving sustainable urban development to save and use energy intensively, reduce carbon emission, and take the low-carbon development road. Taking Gaochun Zijin Science and Technology Special Community for example, this paper introduced planning measures for building a low-carbon city, including building a green network, compound utilization of urban spaces, establishing green transportation, using renewable resources, development of green architecture, so as to provide references for the future researches on the low-carbon urban development.     

Indoor thermal environmental conditions near glazed facades with shading devices – Part II: Thermal comfort simulation and impact of glazing and shading properties

This second part of the study uses a validated dynamic building thermal model for perimeter zones with glass facades (described in Part I) and combines it with a transient two-node thermal comfort model. The objective is to investigate the impact of varying exterior climatic conditions, glazing properties and shading properties on indoor thermal comfort and heating demand in such spaces under the presence of transmitted solar radiation. It is evident that selecting appropriate fenestration components becomes a trade-off between energy, thermal comfort, and lighting needs. Facades with insulating and low transmittance glass create more comfortable and stable conditions; however, there is a relationship between lower transmittance of the glazing and increased demand of primary heating needed, as well as with lighting energy use. Regardless of glazing type, shading can improve comfort conditions by decreasing radiant temperature asymmetry and extremes in operative temperature. The results show that perimeter building zones with high-performance facades (glazing and shading) can maintain comfortable conditions and even eliminate the need for secondary perimeter heating in cold climates.