玄武岩纤维的制备及其复合材料的研究进展

介绍了玄武岩纤维制备原料的相关成分要求及玄武岩纤维的结构,详细列举了玄武岩纤维材料的优越性,阐述了玄武岩纤维的生产方法和设备开发现状及其研究进展,以及用玄武岩纤维作复合材料的应用现状及其研究进展.     

Surface Hardening of Composite Material by the Centrifugal-Casting Method

The effect of rotation flow emerging under centrifugal casting on the first-order phase transition, i.e., crystallization, has been studied using the example of producing a gradient composite material of AK12 aluminum alloy in a mixture with basalt fibers. It has been shown that a material with a hardened surface can be created. Distribution of admixtures in the main material when there is macroscopic motion has been found.     

Identification of Mineral Phases on Basalt Surfaces by Imaging SIMS

A method for the identification of mineral phases on basalt surfaces utilizing secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with imaging capability is described. The goal of this work is to establish the use of imaging SIMS for characterization of the surface of basalt. The basalt surfaces were examined by interrogating the intact basalt (heterogeneous mix of mineral phases) as well as mineral phases that have been separated from the basalt samples. Mineral separates from the basalt were used to establish reference spectra for the specific mineral phases. Electron microprobe and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used as supplemental techniques for providing additional characterization of the basalt. Mineral phases that make up the composition of the basalt were identified from single-ion images which were statistically grouped. The statistical grouping is performed by utilizing a program that employs a generalized learning vector quantization technique. Identification of the mineral phases on the basalt surface is achieved by comparing the mass spectra from the statistically grouped regions of the basalt to the mass spectral results from the mineral separates. The results of this work illustrate the potential for using imaging SIMS to study adsorption chemistry at the top surface of heterogeneous mineral samples.     

玄武岩连续纤维成形工艺研究

为了合理利用我国丰富的玄武岩资源,使玄武岩连续纤维的工业化生产得到大规模的推广.综述国内外相关数据资料,介绍了连续玄武岩纤维成形工艺中的主要技术特点,并采用坩埚法在实验室中对本地略阳玄武岩原料的化学成分、熔化温度、粘度、析晶温度等物理化学特性进行研究,以确定略阳玄武岩纤维合理的成型工艺流程及实验参数.结果表明,略阳玄武岩原矿的化学成分与国外成熟玄武岩纤维原矿的化学成分相似,可以用来制备玄武岩纤维.在实验中,利用10 mm的二次熟料并且将熔炉的温度控制在析晶上限40~50℃,就可以进行玄武岩纤维的拉丝作业.     

有机铁改性玄武岩纤维及其对微生物的附着行为

以草酸和FeSO₄7H₂O为原料,利用液相沉积法对玄武岩纤维（BF）进行表面改性,以SEM、EDS、XPS、接触角分析仪和Zeta电位测试仪研究BF改性前后的微观形貌、元素组成、表面亲水性和电负性等性能。以枯草芽孢杆菌在不同的生长环境中的生长曲线来判断BF改性前后的生理毒性,以纯菌吸附实验和活性污泥固定实验考察有机铁改性玄武岩纤维（MBF）对微生物附着行为的影响。结果表明:MBF的亲水性和电负性得到明显改善,MBF的水接触角由89.71°降至为56.74°,表面Zeta电位由-18.53 mV提升至-5.03 mV; MBF对细菌的生长无抑制作用,不存在生理毒性;在12 h后MBF表面固定的微生物量可达27.91 gm-2,表明有机铁改性BF有助于促使更多的生物量附着在载体表面,进而有利于提高载体的污/废水处理效果。      

The use of basalt powder as a natural heterogeneous catalyst in the Fenton and Photo-Fenton oxidation of cationic dyes

The use of naturally present heterogeneous catalysts has recently been an essential issue in the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. In this study, the uses of basalt as a catalyst for the Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions for methylene Blue (MB) and Basic Red 18 (BR18) degradations were investigated. Basalt was selected because of the presence of the iron (III) oxide in the structure. Basalt was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis to obtain the chemical composition and the crystalline phase. The surface charge and the surface area were obtained by zeta potential and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to explore the functional group and the surface morphology. Fenton and photo-Fenton processes were applied to explore the best degradation method. Adsorption was also tested and the adsorption process had minimum removal efficiency (12% for MB and 17% for BR18). The removal efficiencies for MB and BR18 by the Fenton process were 87% and 28%, respectively. The photo-Fenton process had maximum removal efficiency with 100% for MB and 70% for BR18. The optimum conditions were 70 mg/L dye concentration, 5 mM H₂O₂, 1.0 g/L basalt loading and pH 2. Basalt has shown reuse capability as a catalyst for three consecutive cycles.     

Optimization of the polymer concrete used for manufacturing bases for precision tool machines

Due to its superior damping ratio, high adhesion and fast curing, polymer concrete is used in manufacturing bases for a wide range of precision machines. The coefficient of thermal expansion for polymer concrete is one of the main parameters that can affect the level of accuracy in precision tool machines. Flexural strength is a fundamental strength of the base. In this study six aggregates (basalt, spodumene, fly ash, river gravel, sand and chalk) were investigated. Polymer concrete samples were prepared with different compositions of aggregates containing the same resin volume fraction (aggregates 83% and risen 17%). A four points flexural test was employed to measure the flexural strength of the polymer concrete samples. The coefficient of thermal expansion for polymer concrete was measured using a custom built device. The preliminary optimum composition, with the highest flexural strength and lowest thermal expansion coefficient, was found to be basalt, spodumene and fly ash. Basalt, sand and fly ash composition was the second in the rank. The second composition was nominated for further optimization in terms of resin volume fraction in consideration of its ability to adapt a smaller amount of resin. Different samples of polymer concrete were prepared with a variety of resin volume fractions as follows; 17%, 15% and 13%. The resin volume fraction has been demonstrated to have a significant effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion and flexural strength for polymer concrete. The final optimized composition was basalt, sand and fly ash (filler 87% and resin 13%). ANSYS 13 software was employed in visualizing the influence of polymer concrete compositions on the thermal expansion of the base and how it affected the level of precision of the tool machine.     

Optimization of the polymer concrete used for manufacturing bases for precision tool machines

Due to its superior damping ratio, high adhesion and fast curing, polymer concrete is used in manufacturing bases for a wide range of precision machines. The coefficient of thermal expansion for polymer concrete is one of the main parameters that can affect the level of accuracy in precision tool machines. Flexural strength is a fundamental strength of the base. In this study six aggregates (basalt, spodumene, fly ash, river gravel, sand and chalk) were investigated. Polymer concrete samples were prepared with different compositions of aggregates containing the same resin volume fraction (aggregates 83% and risen 17%). A four points flexural test was employed to measure the flexural strength of the polymer concrete samples. The coefficient of thermal expansion for polymer concrete was measured using a custom built device. The preliminary optimum composition, with the highest flexural strength and lowest thermal expansion coefficient, was found to be basalt, spodumene and fly ash. Basalt, sand and fly ash composition was the second in the rank. The second composition was nominated for further optimization in terms of resin volume fraction in consideration of its ability to adapt a smaller amount of resin. Different samples of polymer concrete were prepared with a variety of resin volume fractions as follows; 17%, 15% and 13%. The resin volume fraction has been demonstrated to have a significant effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion and flexural strength for polymer concrete. The final optimized composition was basalt, sand and fly ash (filler 87% and resin 13%). ANSYS 13 software was employed in visualizing the influence of polymer concrete compositions on the thermal expansion of the base and how it affected the level of precision of the tool machine.     

Effect of iron content on the sintering of ground basalt into ceramics

Ground basalt from the Myandukha occurrence, Arkhangelsk oblast, was divided into magnetically enriched and magnetically deficient components by magnetic separation, and their chemical compositions were determined. We investigated the difference in thermal behavior between the two components using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry data and the mineralogical composition obtained by thermodynamic modeling of the basalt. The sintering behavior of the magnetic and nonmagnetic components of the ground basalt was examined, and some properties of the resultant ceramic materials were studied.     

玄武岩纤维/TiO2复合材料的制备及表征

TiO_2纳米粉体应用于光催化领域存在光吸收仅局限于紫外光区域、难以回收等缺点,因此,纳米TiO_2固定化和可见光改性成为光催化领域的两个研究热点.本文采用绿色环保的水热法,将TiO_2负载于玄武岩纤维载体上,在较低的温度下制备出一种新型的玄武岩纤维/TiO_2复合材料.使用XRD分析了复合材料的物相结构,采用SEM观测了复合材料的形貌,并对水热法合成其机理进行了分析.结果表明:150℃水热条件下、反应10 h合成的玄武岩纤维/TiO_2复合材料中,颗粒状的TiO_2涂层均匀包覆于玄武岩纤维表面,并没有改变玄武岩纤维结构,形成了一种具有核壳结构的新型玄武岩纤维/TiO_2复合材料,经过TiO_2修饰的玄武岩纤维对可见光有很好吸收.因此,玄武岩纤维/TiO_2复合材料是一种具有潜在应用价值的可见光催化材料.     

Basalt: structural insight as a construction material

The need for the development of novel and innovative materials is instrumental at every stage of societal improvements, leading to the overall development of a country. One such material of abundant source is basalt. The use of basalt in different forms like fibre, rod, grid and laminates has captured the interest of society from the 20th century onwards. Lately, basalt fibre has attracted attention as a possible construction material due to its properties such as high modulus of elasticity, high elastic strength, corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, extended operating temperature range and ease of handling. This paper explores the state of the art of basalt used in the construction industry with the overall layout of different subcategories of historical background starting from fibre development and different chemical and mechanical fibre properties to its applications in the field. Comparative studies have also been reported with respect to other high-strength fibre like glass, steel and carbon fibre based on different physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Along with these, a review has been done on the usage of different basalt products like aggregate, rod, fibre, mesh, etc. in structural applications. The review also tends to identify critical constraints that restrain the implementation of basalt as a global construction material, thereby opening avenues of needed research. An insight on inconsistency reported in the literature with respect to the behaviour of basalt-fibre-reinforced composites is also expressed in this paper. The overall idea is to gain information and identify and prioritize research areas of the possible applications of basalt towards sustainable construction.     

A review on basalt fibre and its composites

In recent years, both industrial and academic world are focussing their attention toward the development of sustainable composites, reinforced with natural fibres. In particular, among the natural fibres (i.e. animal, vegetable or mineral) that can be used as reinforcement, the basalt ones represent the most interesting for their properties. The aim of this review is to illustrate the results of research on this topical subject. In the introduction, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of basalt fibre have been reviewed. Moreover, its main manufacturing technologies have been described. Then, the effect of using this mineral fibre as reinforcement of different matrices as polymer (both thermoplastic and thermoset), metal and concrete has been presented. Furthermore, an overview on the application of this fibre in biodegradable matrix composites and in hybrid composites has been provided. Finally, the studies on the industrial applications of basalt fibre reinforced composites have been reviewed.     

A study of creep of epoxy composites with continuous fibers and modified fine filler in aggressive media

The effect of the modification of a fine filler with an epoxy oligomer and compositions by ultraviolet irradiation on the creep of materials filled with basalt and glass cloths under the influence of aggressive media has been studied. It has been found that to reduce the creep of materials, two-layer epoxy composite “hybrid” materials containing glass and basalt cloths must be used. In order to improve the performance of composites, an ultraviolet-irradiated epoxy binder containing epoxy-oligomer-modified fine filler particles must be used as an interlayer.     

Phase composition and dielectric properties of NaNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramics

The phase composition and dielectric properties of NaNbO₃ ceramics ranging in closed porosity from 2.0 to 13.6% have been studied in wide temperature and frequency ranges. The phase composition of the ceramics has been shown to depend on their porosity and temperature. The temperature and frequency dependences of the dielectric properties of the NaNbO₃ ceramics correlate with their phase composition and porosity.     

Mineralogy,geochemistry and expansion testing of an alkali-reactive basalt from western Anatolia,Turkey

In this paper, the alkali–silica reaction performance of a basalt rock from western Anatolia, Turkey is reported. It is observed that the rock causes severe gel formation in the concrete microbar test. It appears that the main source of expansion is the reactive glassy phase of the basalt matrix having approximately 70% of SiO₂. The study presents the microstructural characteristics of unreacted and reacted basalt aggregate by optical and electron microscopy and discusses the possible reaction mechanism. Microstructural analysis revealed that the dissolution of silica is overwhelming in the matrix of the basalt and it eventually generates four consequences: (1) Formation of alkali–silica reaction gel at the aggregate perimeter, (2) increased porosity and permeability of the basalt matrix, (3) reduction of mechanical properties of the aggregate and (4) additional gel formation within the aggregate. It is concluded that the basalt rock is highly prone to alkali–silica reaction. As an aggregate, this rock is not suitable for concrete production.     

A Study of the Influence of Phase Composition of Cutting Inserts Made of Diamond–Tungsten Carbide Nanocomposite on the Process of Finish Turning of Aluminum Alloys and Brass

The effect of phase composition of cutting inserts made of diamond–tungsten carbide nanocomposite on cutting forces, friction coefficient in the cutting zone, and acoustic emission signal in finish turning of aluminum alloys and brass has been studied. It has been found out that the amount of 30 to 40 wt % tungsten in the initial mixture ensures sintering of a tool composite with the most favorable phase composition for turning aluminum alloys and brass.     

Basalt leaching with orthophosphoric acid

Basalt leaching with orthophosphoric acid is studied by the method of isothermal dissolution. The total degree of dissolution of basalt and degrees of extraction into solution of separate elements as a function of temperature (20, 100°C), acid concentration (5–40%), and liquid-to-solid ratio are determined. Through the control of leaching conditions, it is possible to vary the coefficient of acidity of the basalt charge, decreasing the content of separate components. The possibility, in principle, of using this process for the optimization of charge composition in the manufacture of basalt-fiber materials and cast stone products is shown.     

Numerical simulation of phase transitions in two-component materials upon noncongruent evaporation

The dynamics of noncongruent phase transitions in two-component materials upon evaporation in vacuum has been numerically simulated within a model based on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the condensed phase. The results presented for nonstoichiometric uranium dioxide irradiated by a laser pulse have been obtained with allowance for the dependence of its thermodynamic and transport properties on the temperature and composition. It has been shown that, because of noncongruent evaporation changing the composition of the material in the surface region, its melting can begin in its interior even in the case of surface heating.     

Influence of Milling Conditions on the Mechanical Alloying of Fe-B Powders

1.IntroductionTheFe-Bamorphousalloyshavebeensynthesizedinawideconcentrationrangebymeltquenching[1ro2]orvacuumevaporation[3~5].Recently,someworkshowedthatamorphousalloysoftheFe-Bsys-temhadbeensuccessfullypreparedbymechani-calalloying[6~1o].Inthispaper3amorphousandnanocrystallineFe-Balloysmadebymechanicalal-loyingofelementalFeandamorphousBpowdersinawidecompositionrangearestudiedbyX-raydiffrac-tion,M6ssbauerspectroscopyandthermalanalysismeasurements.Especially,theeffectsofmillingcondi-tions,s…     

Evaluation of asphalt–aggregate interaction based on the rheological properties

The silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and calcium oxide (CaO) analytical reagents are selected to prepare asphalt mastics and the effects of aggregate chemical composition on asphalt–aggregate interactions (AAI) are evaluated based on the complex modulus and phase angle. It is found that the oxide analytical reagents significantly affect the rheological properties such as complex shear modulus and phase angle, and the effects of CaO are greater than SiO₂ due to the stronger interaction between asphalt binder and CaO analytical reagents. Both the modulus stiffening ratio and the phase angle-based K. Ziegel-B coefficient could be used to evaluate the AAI, and the latter is the better index. Results show that the indexes increase with the test temperature, but decrease with the loading frequency, and tend to be constant. The higher adhesive strength between asphalt binder and limestone than basalt is likely attributed to the higher content of CaO in limestone aggregate and the stronger asphalt–CaO interaction.