抗菌甲壳胺纤维的制备和性能

采用AgNO3溶液处理甲壳胺纤维,由于纤维中的氨基对Ag离子有螯合作用而使纤维吸附具有很强抗菌性能的Ag离子。当和生理盐水接触时,纤维上的Ag离子可以被释放到溶液中,起到抗菌的作用。实验结果表明,含银甲壳胺纤维比未处理的甲壳胺纤维有更强的抗菌性能。     

甲壳胺纤维混纺比与抗菌性能的关系

从分子结构角度对甲壳素和甲壳胺2种物质之间的区别进行了论述,指出目前市场上的甲壳胺纤维中都残留有一定的甲壳素残基.简述了甲壳胺的抗菌机理,对不同脱乙酰度甲壳胺纤维的抗菌性能进行了比较.同时对不同原料混纺纱线中甲壳胺纤维的最佳混纺比进行了初步的研究和探讨.经过测试和对比发现,在同样的测试条件下,甲壳胺纤维脱乙酰度越高,其抗菌性能越好.使用脱乙酰度尽可能高的甲壳胺纤维,只需将混纺比例控制在5%～10%,最终产品即可获得理想的抗菌性能.     

乙酰化处理对甲壳胺医用敷料性能的影响

甲壳胺纤维与乙酸酐反应时,通过控制乙酸酐与甲壳胺纤维之间的比例,可以得到不同乙酰度的甲壳胺纤维。研究用乙酸酐改性后甲壳胺纤维及医用敷料的吸湿性能、抗菌性能和拉伸强度。实验结果表明:甲壳胺的乙酰度对敷料的性能有明显的影响;部分乙酰化后的甲壳胺纤维在与水接触后可以把大量的水分吸收进纤维中,使部分乙酰化医用敷料的吸湿性能比未处理的医用敷料有明显的改善;部分乙酰化样品的湿强度和抗菌性能比未处理的样品有所下降。     

海藻酸和甲壳胺纤维的性能比较

海藻酸和甲壳胺通过湿法纺丝,可以加工成纤维,并可以加工成非织造布、机织物、针织物等材料,应用于医用卫生材料的生产。分析了海藻酸和甲壳胺的化学结构,对其吸附性能、结合重金属离子的能力以及抗菌性能作了比较。     

甲壳胺处理丝织物的抗菌性

迄今为止,作者研究了用甲壳胺(聚—N—乙酰化—D—氨基葡萄糖的部分脱乙酰化物)处理丝织物,并研究了对染色性及各项性能的影响。甲壳胺处理纤维的抗菌性方面,曾将甲壳胺引入纤维素纤维系列的虎木棉,发现对黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus显示很强的抗菌性。然而,有关蛋白质纤维则未见报导。本     

甲壳胺/腈纶纤维混纺比与抗菌效果关系

简要说明了采用混纺法纺制甲壳胺抗菌纱线的必要性 ,探讨了甲壳胺 /腈纶纤维混纺比与抗菌效果的关系 ,测试分析得出 :要体现出织物的抗菌性 ,甲壳胺在纱线中的质量百分比不应低于 57% ;要体现织物抗菌性优异 ,甲壳胺在纱线中的质量百分比不应低于 80 %     

甲壳胺纤维抗菌试验性方法及影响因素的初步研究

以金黄色葡萄球菌为实验菌种，从实验角度证实甲壳胺纤维的抗菌为接触性抑菌；并利用烧瓶振荡法，探讨了试验条件如pH值、温度对甲壳胺纤维抑菌率的影响。研究表明，甲壳胺纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率随pH值的下降而增强，而温度对其抗菌性影响则不明显。     

甲壳胺／腈纶纤维混纺比与抗菌效果关系

简要说明了采用混纺法纺制甲壳胺抗菌纱线的必要性，探讨了甲壳胺／腈纶纤维混纺比与抗菌效果的关系，测试分析得出：要体现出织物的抗菌性，甲壳胺在纱线中的质量百分比不应低于57％；要体现织物抗菌性优异，甲壳胺在纱线中的质量百分比不应低于80％。     

乙酰化处理对含银甲壳胺纤维性能的影响

为改善含银甲壳胺纤维释放银离子的性能,用乙酸酐处理甲壳胺纤维后使纤维中的氨基转换成乙酰胺基,从而减弱纤维对银离子的结合力。比较了未处理纤维和几种不同取代度乙酰化甲壳胺纤维的吸水性及其释放银离子的性能。结果表明,乙酰化处理破坏了甲壳胺纤维的有序结构,使水分更容易进入纤维结构,部分乙酰化的甲壳胺纤维具有很高的吸水性能。由于乙酰化处理使自由氨基转换成乙酰胺基,随着乙酰化度的提高,处理后的甲壳胺纤维在遇水湿润后可释放出更多的银离子。     

纳米铜离子抗菌纱线纺纱工艺探析

探讨纳米铜离子涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维混纺纱线的纺纱工艺。分析了纳米铜离子涤纶纤维的抗菌机理及抗菌纱线所织面料相比于抗菌后整理面料的抗菌性能优势。针对铜离子涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维的性能特点,设计纱线的纺纱工艺流程,合理配置各工序工艺参数,纺制了18.5 tex粘胶纤维/纳米铜离子涤纶纤维(60/40)混纺的抗菌纱线,并对其织物进行了抗菌性能的测试分析,结果表明:开发的混纺纱有较优异的抗菌性能。     

Perspectives for chitosan based antimicrobial films in food applications

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to develop and test films with antimicrobial properties in order to improve food safety and shelf life. Active biomolecules such as chitosan and its derivatives have a significant role in food application area in view of recent outbreaks of contaminations associated with food products as well as growing concerns regarding the negative environmental impact of packaging materials currently in use. Chitosan has a great potential for a wide range of applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, non-toxicity and versatile chemical and physical properties. Thus, chitosan based films have proven to be very effective in food preservation. The presence of amino group in C2 position of chitosan provides major functionality towards biotechnological needs, particularly, in food applications. Chitosan based polymeric materials can be formed into fibers, films, gels, sponges, beads or even nanoparticles. Chitosan films have shown potential to be used as a packaging material for the quality preservation of a variety of food. Besides, chitosan has widely been used in antimicrobial films to provide edible protective coating, in dipping and spraying for the food products due to its antimicrobial properties. Chitosan has exhibited high antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, including fungi, and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The present review aims to highlight various preparative methods and antimicrobial activity including the mechanism of the antimicrobial action of chitosan based films. The optimisation of the biocidic properties of these so called biocomposites films and role of biocatalysts in improvement of quality and shelf life of foods has been discussed.     

载银甲壳素纤维的制备与抗菌性能研究

将羟基功能化纳米银应用于载银甲壳素纤维的制备,利用分光光度法研究了甲壳素纤维对羟基功能化纳米银的吸附性能和吸附机理;测试了不同银含量载银甲壳素纤维的抗菌性能;采用扫描电镜(SEM)和光电子能谱(XPS)对载银甲壳素纤维的微观形貌和元素成分进行了分析。研究结果表明,甲壳素纤维对羟基功能化纳米银具有较高的吸附能力,最高吸附量可达3 390 mg/kg;纳米银颗粒在甲壳素纤维表面分布均匀,且未被氧化;另外,抗菌测试结果表明载银甲壳素纤维具有优异的抗菌性能,当银含量达到1 000 mg/kg时,其对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率均可达99%以上。     

壳聚糖载银抗菌纱的制备及性能初探

涤纶丝广泛用于抗菌纱和织物的制备。近年来,许多抗菌物质逐渐商业化,替代抗菌物质已成为抗菌纱加工研究的重要目的。大多数抗菌物质是通过直接浸泡或涂层的方式加载在抗菌纱上的。研究旨在通过二浸二压的纺织品整理工艺,将壳聚糖载银溶液固定到涤纶纱线上。通过扫描电子显微镜分析了纱线涂层前后结构的变化,并测试了其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抗菌性能。试验结果表明,经壳聚糖载银溶液涂层处理的涤纶纱线均具有较好的抗菌性能,且试样R-3具有更优的抗菌效果。     

Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review

Owing to its high biodegradability, and nontoxicity and antimicrobial properties, chitosan is widely-used as an antimicrobial agent either alone or blended with other natural polymers. To broaden chitosan's antimicrobial applicability, comprehensive knowledge of its activity is necessary. The paper reviews the current trend of investigation on antimicrobial activities of chitosan and its mode of action. Chitosan-mediated inhibition is affected by several factors can be classified into four types as intrinsic, environmental, microorganism and physical state, according to their respective roles. In this review, different physical states are comparatively discussed. Mode of antimicrobial action is discussed in parts of the active compound (chitosan) and the target (microorganisms) collectively and independently in same complex. Finally, the general antimicrobial applications of chitosan and perspectives about future studies in this field are considered.     

A novel active bionanocomposite film incorporating rosemary essential oil and nanoclay into chitosan

Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay and rosemary essential oil (REO) were incorporated into chitosan film to improve its physical and mechanical properties as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant behavior. The MMT weight percent relative to chitosan was varied from 1 to 5 and was activated by three REO levels (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% v/v), and their impact on physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of the chitosan films was investigated. Total phenolic and antimicrobial activity were also evaluated. Microstructure of chitosan/MMT–REO nanocomposites was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that incorporating MMT and REO into chitosan improves water gain, water vapor permeability, and solubility of the chitosan film by more than 50%. It was also shown that the combined effect of clay and REO improves significantly the tensile strength and elongation of chitosan (p < 0.05). The XRD and FTIR results confirmed that the improvements are related to the MMT exfoliation and good interaction between chitosan and MMT in the presence of REO. Antimicrobial properties of the films also improved by REO incorporation in 1.5% v/v.     

Characterization and antimicrobial analysis of chitosan-based films

Chitosan-based films for food packaging applications were prepared by casting and dried at room temperature or heat-treated in order to study functional properties and antimicrobial activity. In all cases, films were flexible and transparent, regardless of chitosan molecular weight, glycerol content, and temperature. Regarding antimicrobial activity, chitosan film forming solutions showed antimicrobial behaviour against Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus plantarum. It was also observed that the bacteriostatic property of chitosan-based films against bacteria employed in this study was notably affected by temperature. Moreover, temperature produced significant variation in the functional properties of chitosan-based films, such as colour, wettability, resistance against UV light and mechanical properties. In good agreement with this behaviour, total soluble matter (TSM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results suggested a change in the chemical structure of chitosan films, possibly due to Maillard reaction when heat treatment was used.     

纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维的结构及染色性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法在非均相乙醇溶液中制备3-缩水甘油氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)纳米SiO2,并用于壳聚糖纤维改性.通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、热重分析法对纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维的形态、分子结构及热行为进行表征,并对其染色性能进行了研究.红外光谱证实硅偶联剂KH560与壳聚糖纤维发生了交联,纳米SiO2粒子分布于改性的壳聚糖纤维表面.与未改性壳聚糖纤维相比,纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维的热稳定性能提高了.采用6种不同染料对纳米SiO2改性壳聚糖纤维进行染色,发现其对直接桃红12B的染色性能较好,在室温、染色时间120 min、pH值8时,直接桃红12B的上染率最佳.