复合（SiO2-CdTe QDs）/SiO2编码荧光纳米颗粒的制备及应用

首先制备了表面氨基化的SiO2纳米颗粒,再分别将发绿色和红色荧光的CdTe QDs按比例组装于其表面,最后,用SiO2包覆SiO2-CdTe QDs纳米颗粒,实现了多步制备复合(SiO2-CdTe QDs)/SiO2编码荧光纳米颗粒。(SiO2-CdTe QDs)/SiO2编码荧光纳米颗粒不仅化学、光学性能稳定,而且还有利于与生物基团结合。另外,探讨了复合(SiO2-CdTe QDs)/SiO2编码荧光纳米颗粒与血红蛋白质结合的情况。从而为复合(SiO2-CdTe QDs)/SiO2编码荧光纳米颗粒作为生物探针在生化分析的应用奠定了一定的基础。     

PA6/无机纳米复合材料的力学性能研究

通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙6(PA6)/SiO2包覆纳米CaCO3、PA6/纳米SiO2、PA6/纳米CaCO3复合材料,对其力学性能进行比较分析研究.结果表明,3种纳米复合体系的力学性能与纯PA6相比都有不同程度的提高.三者相比较,PA6/SiO2包覆纳米CaCO3体系的力学综合性能最优,当SiO2包覆纳米CaCO3的添加量为0.5份时,缺口冲击强度提高了13%,断裂伸长率提高了169%,拉伸强度和弯曲弹性模量也有所提高.另外,差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究发现,无机纳米粒子对PA6的结晶性能影响不大.     

核壳结构的复合纳米CaCO3／SiO2·nH2O在紫外光固化粉末涂料中的应用

采用SiO2包覆纳米CaCO3,制得核壳结构的复合纳米CaCO3/SiO2@nH2O具有纳米碳酸钙和纳米二氧化硅的特点.将其加入紫外光固化粉末涂料中,涂膜的硬度、附着力、耐冲击性和耐老化性都有不同程度的提高,但其光泽有所下降.     

核壳结构的复合纳米CaCO3/SiO2·nH2O在紫光固化粉末涂料中的应用

采用SiO2包覆纳米CaCO3,制得核壳结构的复合纳米CaCO3/SiO2@nH2O具有纳米碳酸钙和纳米二氧化硅的特点.将其加入紫外光固化粉末涂料中,涂膜的硬度、附着力、耐冲击性和耐老化性都有不同程度的提高,但其光泽有所下降.     

二氧化硅球的制备及其功能化

以正硅酸四乙酯为硅源,分别在碱性和酸性条件下制备了二氧化硅(SiO2)球状粒子;在碱性条件下制备了具有荧光功能的SiO2-FITC复合纳米球;以Sn2+作为敏化剂,在SiO2球表面沉积Ag纳米颗粒,制备了SiO2/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见近红外(UV-vis-NIR)分光光度计,荧光分光光度计对SiO2球,SiO2-FITC荧光纳米球,SiO2/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子的形貌和光学吸收、荧光发射特性进行了表征。结果表明,碱性环境下制备的SiO2球粒径大小为纳米级,酸性环境下制备的SiO2球粒径大小为微米级,酸性环境下制备的SiO2球比碱性环境下制备的硅球致密。掺入FITC的SiO2球具有荧光发射特性,且发光强度可以控制。Ag纳米颗粒修饰的SiO2/Ag核-壳结构纳米粒子具有等表面等离子体共振吸收特性。     

SiO_2包覆石墨及其对PA1010摩擦学性能的影响

用接触角对SiO2包覆石墨复合颗粒的包覆效果进行评价,找到合适的包覆工艺参数,并用SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、EDS(能谱)、XRD(X射线衍射)、FTIR(傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪)对SiO2包覆石墨颗粒进行表征。结果表明,石墨表面被包覆了一层非晶态SiO2膜。然后将SiO2包覆石墨、硅烷偶联剂处理石墨和硅烷偶联剂处理SiO2包覆石墨填充尼龙1010(PA1010),并与未处理石墨填充PA1010复合材料进行摩擦学性能对比。结果表明,SiO2包覆处理使石墨填充PA1010复合材料的摩擦机理发生了变化,摩擦因数和磨损率均较未处理石墨的降低;而硅烷偶联剂改性后的石墨颗粒虽然也可使磨损率降低,但摩擦因数却比未处理石墨/PA1010的升高。证明SiO2包覆比硅烷偶联剂处理对摩擦学性能的改善更有利。     

纳米SiO2包覆Al2O3浓悬浮体制备及其凝胶注模成型

采用硅溶胶等制备纳米SiO2包覆Al2O3微复合体系,凝胶注模工艺制备莫来石陶瓷,着重研究了低粘度高固含量浓悬浮体系的特性及其凝胶注模成型坯体的性能.研究表明按莫来石理论组成将Al2O3颗粒分散于质量分数为30.3%的硅溶胶中,纳米SiO2胶粒吸附于颗粒表面,形成30～50 nm的SiO2包覆层,其中已形成Si-O-Al-O键.纳米SiO2包覆Al2O3浓悬浮体系的最佳分散条件在pH=9.0左右,利用SiO2包覆层的静电位阻稳定作用,可直接制备低粘度、高固含量浓悬浮体系,固相质量分数为76%的浓悬浮体表观粘度为975 mPa·s;固相质量分数为76%,有机单体质量分数为7.7%,采用凝胶注模工艺,所得坯体结构均匀、致密,相对密度达63%,抗折强度达5.85 Mpa.     

SiO2荧光纳米粒子的制备及其分析应用

SiO2荧光纳米粒子由于具有良好的光学稳定性、化学活性、生物相容性、表面易功能化等特性,备受国内外研究者的关注。本文综述了目前SiO2荧光纳米粒子的主要制备方法 (反相微乳液法、Stber水解法)的原理及优缺点,并全面综述了SiO2荧光纳米粒子在生物工程、医药研究、环境检测、文物分析等方面的应用,最后对SiO2荧光纳米粒子的前景进行了展望。     

PP/POE-g-GMA/纳米SiO2复合材料性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝POE/纳米二氧化硅(PP/POE-g-GMA/纳米SiO2)复合材料,研究了材料的力学性能、动态力学性能与结晶性能.结果表明:5%的POE-g-GMA和3%的氨基功能化纳米SiO2(SiO2-g-NH2)具有明显的协同增韧效应,冲击强度提高157%,使PP出现较大的低温损耗模量峰和内耗峰;POE-g-GMA和纳米SiO2对PP的结晶均有促进作用,SiO2-g-NH2的异相成核作用更明显;POE-g-GMA能诱导PPβ晶的形成,添加纳米SiO2使β晶含量降低.     

基于纳米TiO2-SiO2复合粒子制备抗紫外超疏水复合功能棉织物

本文利用纳米TiO2粉体,以聚乙烯吡咯烷(PVP)为分散剂和结构引导剂,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为纳米SiO2前驱体,在纳米TiO2粉体表面包覆纳米SiO2,制备纳米TiO2-SiO2复合粒子.将纳米TiO2-SiO2复合粒子整理到棉织物上,并通过十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTMS)低表面能修饰后,得到抗紫外和超疏水复合功能棉织物.探究制备纳米TiO2-SiO2复合粒子的最佳工艺,并对复合粒子和处理后棉织物进行表征.结果表明,当PVP用量为0.025％,硅钛比例为2∶1,氨水用量为5mL时,纳米SiO2包覆TiO2效果较好.处理棉织物的抗紫外指数(UPF)达115.42,紫外线UVA(320～420 nm)透过率为3.35％,接触角为156.54°,滚动角为8°,具有优异的抗紫外、超疏水性能.此外,处理棉织物经过24h紫外线照射后,接触角仍为152.73°,滚动角仍可达到9°,实现了耐紫外线稳定性.     

The growth of CdSe quantum dots on a single wall carbon nanotubes template without organic solvent and surfactant

A conventional synthesis of Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) usually employs toxic organic solvents, and the synthesized CdSe QDs must be modified for dispersion in an aqueous solution. This modification often limits the application of CdSe QDs in biomedical fields. In this study, a simple method was developed to synthesize CdSe QDs on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) employing the SWCNTs as a template to prevent the aggregation of the CdSe QDs in an aqueous solution without the addition of any organic reagent.Our newly developed synthetic procedure included the formation of SWCNTs with carboxyl groups (SWCNT-COOHs) followed by mixing these with the precursors of Cd and Se to obtain SWCNT-CdSe QDs. The resulting SWCNT-CdSe QDs were analyzed using spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).Results showed that CdSe nanocrystals with a zinc blend structure could be synthesized on the SWCNT-COOHs. The average crystal size of the synthesized CdSe QDs was approximately 3 nm. The blue-shift of CdSe QDs powerfully emitted light at 550 nm as compared to the bulk CdSe at 730 nm. These CdSe QDs were synthesized in an aqueous environment without using toxic surfactants and are expected to have great potential as bio-labeling contrast agents in the future.     

CdSe量子点标记免疫球蛋白及光谱性质研究

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂合成了CdSe量子点,利用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对量子点结构进行了表征,粒径约为5 nm。以碳二亚胺为缩合剂将量子点与免疫球蛋白共价连接,光谱实验结果表明CdSe量子点与免疫球蛋白有效结合,其荧光发射峰发生了红移,而半峰宽和发射强度没有明显变化。     

The formation mechanism of Cd–S–Se quantum dots with CdSe/CdS core–shell structure within silicate glass

The formation mechanism of Cd–S–Se quantum dots (QDs) with a CdS/CdSe core–shell structure within a silicate glass system was investigated by monitoring the change in the first excitonic absorption peak of CdSe, CdS, and Cd–S–Se QDs as a function of the heat-treatment (HT) duration. When a silicate glass containing QD formation components for CdSe or CdS single-phased QDs was heat-treated, CdSe QDs grew via Ostwald ripening, whereas CdS QDs hardly formed within the given silicate glass matrix. When the glass, including CdO, ZnSe, and ZnS, was utilized for the synthesis of Cd–S–Se QDs within the glass matrix, Cd–S–Se QDs were successfully formed and exhibited similar growth behavior to CdSe QDs during the initial stage of HT. The structural changes in the QD-embedded glasses during HT were also monitored by Raman spectroscopy and discussed, and a possible formation mechanism of CdSe/CdS core–shell-structured QDs within silicate glasses is suggested.     

A fast synthesis of near-infrared emitting CdTe/CdSe quantum dots with small hydrodynamic diameter for in vivo imaging probes

Highly luminescent near-infrared (NIR) emitting CdTe/CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were prepared through a fast and convenient method, and a new type of multivalent polymer ligands was used as the surface substituents to prepare highly stable hydrophilic QDs with small sizes. The well-defined CdTe/CdSe QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. The as-prepared CdTe/CdSe QDs were photostable with high PL quantum yields (QYs) (up to 66% at room temperature), low toxicity to cells at experimental dosages, and the QDs' fluorescence emissions were tunable between 700 and 820 nm. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging using CdTe/CdSe QDs conjugated with the AS1411 aptamer (targeting nucleolin) probe in cancer cells was reported, and the CdTe/CdSe QDs were also successfully applied for the fluorescence imaging of living animals. Our preliminary results illustrated that the CdTe/CdSe NIR-QDs with small sizes would be an alternative probe for ultrasensitive, multicolor, and multiplex applications, especially for in vivo imaging applications.     

谷氨酰胺为稳定剂制备硒化镉纳米晶及光谱性质研究

以谷氨酰胺(Gln)为稳定剂合成了硒化镉纳米晶,利用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对纳米晶结构进行了表征,粒径约为20 nm。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、激发光谱与发射光谱研究了纳米晶光谱特性。实验结果表明,反应温度过高、反应时间过长都会破坏谷氨酰胺(Gln)的稳定作用,使CdSe聚集,影响其荧光性质。而聚乙二醇(PEG)的加入会使纳米晶的荧光发射明显加强,而且发射峰峰形尖锐。     

CdSe/SiO_2荧光微球的制备及其荧光性能(英文)

利用Stber法制备了CdSe/SiO2荧光微球。用透射电子显微镜,共聚焦显微镜和X射线衍射测试荧光微球的形貌和晶体结构;用荧光光谱表征荧光微球的荧光性能;用动态-静态激光散射仪表征荧光微球的尺寸分布。结果表明:CdSe量子点被包裹在SiO2微球内,并形成了具有良好荧光性能的CdSe/SiO2荧光微球,其荧光性能与合成工艺条件有着显著的相关性。     

One-Pot Synthesis of Biocompatible CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots and Their Applications as Fluorescent Biological Labels

We developed a novel one-pot polyol approach for the synthesis of biocompatible CdSe quantum dots (QDs) using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a capping ligand at 240°C. The morphological and structural characterization confirmed the formation of biocompatible and monodisperse CdSe QDs with several nanometers in size. The encapsulation of CdS thin layers on the surface of CdSe QDs (CdSe/CdS core–shell QDs) was used for passivating the defect emission (650 nm) and enhancing the fluorescent quantum yields up to 30% of band-to-band emission (530–600 nm). Moreover, the PL emission peak of CdSe/CdS core–shell QDs could be tuned from 530 to 600 nm by the size of CdSe core. The as-prepared CdSe/CdS core–shell QDs with small size, well water solubility, good monodispersity, and bright PL emission showed high performance as fluorescent cell labels in vitro. The viability of QDs-labeled 293T cells was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2-diphenyltertrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed the satisfactory (>80%) biocompatibility of as-synthesized PAA-capped QDs at the Cd concentration of 15 μg/ml.     

Effect of phase transition on SiO2-coated CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 quantum dots: Air-stability and quantum efficiency improvement

To develop white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with wide color gamut for displays, compared with nitride-based phosphors and traditional core-shell quantum dots (QDs) such as CdSe, InP, CuInS₂, all-inorganic perovskite QDs CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) were more promising luminescent materials due to tunable wavelength, narrow emission spectrum and high quantum efficiency. However, when QDs were made into solid form (powders or films), poor air-stability and drastic decrease of quantum efficiency would be observed in CsPbBr₃. These drawbacks would restrict their practical applications. To resolve these issues, in this paper, we proposed a new concept that zero-dimensional perovskite QDs powders Cs₄PbBr₆ with outstanding quantum efficiency and long lifetime up to three months could be successfully prepared via silica-coated method and crystal phase transition in low-temperature synthesis. This phenomenon of phase transition would be discussed in detail and the quantum efficiency could be improved from 31.41% to 45.87%. Moreover, green LEDs with high color purity of 92% and luminous efficiency of 88.59 lm/W could also be achieved by using this material. Therefore, our proposed perovskite QDs powders Cs₄PbBr₆ had extreme potential for displays applications.     

Understanding the atomic and electronic structures origin of defect luminescence of CdSe quantum dots in glass matrix

Well-defined density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed as the first exploratory study for the atomic and electronic mechanism of defect mediated morphology and optical properties of Cd_nSe_n (n = 3, 10, 13, and 33) quantum dots (QDs) in inorganic amorphous matrix. The intrinsic defects of pristine CdSe QDs, and the interfacial defects between the QDs and surrounding amorphous matrix, were systematically studied. The calculated electronic structure suggested that the pristine CdSe QDs capped by the structural modifiers or non-bridging oxygen in the amorphous matrix gave rise to the structure reconstruction and paired defect states at the edge of the valence and conduction bands. The orbital analysis elucidated that the redistribution of the majority of HOMO and LUMO electron density was localized over the bonds formed by capping atoms and QDs. These changes in the electronic structures were further demonstrated by CdSe QDs embedded sodium silicate glasses. It turned out that Se atoms at QDs/glass interface were much more active than those found on the surface of organically passivated CdSe QDs. The results serve as a new paradigm in materials research to explore structural origins of defect emission from QDs and a new strategy to develop glasses containing QDs with high photoluminescence quantum efficiency.     

Shell-Controlled Photoluminescence in CdSe/CNT Nanohybrids

A new type of nanohybrids containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) was prepared using an electrostatic self-assembly method. The CdSe QDs were capped by various mercaptocarboxylic acids, including thioglycolic acid (TGA), dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), which provide shell thicknesses of ~5.2, 10.6 and 15.2 Å, respectively. The surface-modified CdSe QDs are then self-assembled onto aridine orange-modified CNTs via electrostatic interaction to give CdSe/CNT nanohybrids. The photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies of the obtained nanohybrids increase significantly with the increase of the shell thickness, which is attributed to a distance-dependent photo-induced charge-transfer mechanism. This work demonstrates a simple mean for fine tuning the PL properties of the CdSe/CNT nanohybrids and gains new insights to the photo-induced charge transfer in such nanostructures.