一种模糊Petri网的逆向知识推理方法设计实现

模糊Petri网是模糊产生式知识表示和推理的理想工具.针对基于模糊产生式规则的知识库,在已知决策目标的前提下,设计了该知识库的模糊Petri网模型及基于递归的逆向知识推理方法,并以实例时该方法进行了验证.对于任意指定的库所,通过该方法可以确定其模糊托肯值,即对应命题的模糊真值.该方法的逻辑表达力强,利于计算机实现,而且其逆向推理策略能有效减少计算空间,使计算在一个复杂的模糊Petri网系统的子系统中进行,提高了计算效率.     

Designing genetic regulatory networks using fuzzy Petri nets approach

In this paper, we have successfully presented a fuzzy Petri net (FPN) model to design the genetic regulatory network. Based on the FPN model, an efficient algorithm is proposed to automatically reason about imprecise and fuzzy information. By using the reasoning algorithm for the FPN, we present an alternative approach that is more promising than the fuzzy logic. The proposed FPN approach offers more flexible reasoning capability because it is able to obtain results with fuzzy intervals rather than point values. In this paper, a novel model with a new concept of hidden fuzzy transition (HFT) to design the genetic regulatory network is developed. We have built the FPN model and classified the input data in terms of time point and obtained the output data, so the system can be viewed as the two-input and one output system. This method eliminates possible false predictions from the classical fuzzy model thereby allowing a wider search space for inferring regulatory relationship. The experimental results show the proposed approach is feasible and acceptable to design the genetic regulatory network and investigate the dynamical behaviors of gene network.     

FMS工作流故障诊断自适应加权模糊Petri网模型

研究了使用人工神经网络和加权模糊Petri网对故障进行诊断的方法。针对传统Petri网难以精确地描述故障现象和故障原因之间的复杂关系,将人工神经网络、模糊逻辑和传统Petri网模型结合,定义了一种自适应的加权模糊Petri网模型以及模型的构造方法,在此基础上,提出了一种使用改进的BP算法对模型的权值进行训练的方法,并给出了采用构造的自适应模糊Petri网模型对故障进行诊断的具体步骤。最后对柔性制造系统(FMS)实例的故障进行诊断,验证了此自适应的加权模糊Petri网模型结合了Petri网和人工神经网络的优点,具有很强的故障推理能力以及自适应能力,能有效地对故障进行诊断。     

基于模糊Petri网的汽车故障诊断仿真研究

本文将Petri网和模糊推理相结合,建立故障诊断的模糊Petri网模型。其中,用FPN表示模糊产生规则,用Petri网的变迁激活规则进行故障诊断推理,从而分析出异常行为过程间的因果关系,推理出故障的原因及其可信度。以汽车故障诊断为例,建立了基于模糊Petri网的诊断模型。通过仿真分析,验证了模型的正确性和算法的有效性。     

模糊Petri网及其在模糊推理中的应用

该文首先引入模糊Petri网(Fuzzy Petri Net)的定义，给出了一个九元模糊Petri网模型，并且详细介绍了模糊Petri网的激发规则。给出了产生式规则的模糊Petri网表示的三种模型，在此基础上提出了一种基于模糊Petri网的推理方法，最后使用模糊Petri网中知识表示和运行的基本算法解决了汽车质量检验和故障分析这一实际问题。实际应用证明基于模糊Petri网的产生式规则的推理具有知识表达能力强，处理不确定知识正确，推理过程简单直观，具有一定的智能推理能力，具有较强的实用价值。     

基于BP网络的模糊Petri网的学习能力

模糊Petri网(Fuzzy Petri Nets，FPN)是基于模糊产生式规则的知识库系统的良好建模工具，但自学习能力差是模糊系统本身的一个缺点．该文提出了适合模糊Petri网模型自学习的模糊推理算法和学习算法．在模糊推理算法中，通过对没有回路的FPN模型结构进行层次式划分以及建立变迁点燃和模糊推理的近似连续函数，从而把神经网络中的BP网络算法自然地引入到FPN模型中．在FPN模型上，用误差反传算法计算一阶梯度的方法对模糊产生式规则中的参数进行学习和训练．经过学习和训练的FPN具有很强的泛化能力和自适应功能．FPN模型经过训练得到的参数是有特定含义的，可以通过对这些参数的合法性分析，使得模糊产生式规则系统更加有效，也对知识库系统的建立、更新和维护有着重要的意义．     

模糊Petri网与遗传算法相结合的优化策略

如何确定模糊产生式规则的各项参数对模糊Petri网(FPN)的建立具有非常重要的意义,一直是尚未解决的难题。文中首次将遗传算法引入到模糊Petri网的参数寻优过程,提出了一种基于遗传算法的参数寻优算法,该算法实现不依赖于经验数据,对初始输入无严格要求。仿真实例表明,由此训练出的参数正确率较高,所得的FPN具有很强的泛化能力和自适应功能。     

Non-Discriminatory Automatic Registration of Knock-On Train Delays

Incidents and waiting for train connections are registered by dispatchers as sources of train delays, but route and headway conflicts are not always clearly recognized. Moreover, traffic management and route setting are the primary task of dispatchers and signallers, whilst monitoring and incident registration is not allowed to take up too much of their time. This paper describes a tool that automatically and without discrimination identifies route conflicts and the train numbers involved. It is based on standard train describer and infrastructure messages recorded on the Dutch railway network. The logic of these messages is captured in a coloured Petri net (CPN) model on which a prototype tool for route conflict identification and estimation of knock-on delay has been developed.     

蚁群算法在模糊Petri网参数优化中的应用研究

如何确定模糊产生式规则的各项参数对模糊Petri网的建立意义重大。把蚁群算法中的最大 最小系统引入到模糊Petri网的参数寻优过程，提出一种基于线程实现技术的参数优化算法。该算法实现不依赖于经验数据，对初始输入无严格要求。仿真实例表明，经蚁群线程优化算法训练出的参数正确率较高，且所得的模糊Petri网具有较强的泛化能力和自适应功能。     

Requirements specification and analysis of digital systems usingfuzzy and marked Petri nets

Fuzzy information often appears in the system requirements. Fuzzy Petri nets (FPN) are Petri nets in which certain fuzzy truth values are assigned to its transitions. We show how the FPN model can be used for formal specification and verification of digital systems. The consistent FPN model is actually a state machine, from which we can obtain a consistent marked Petri net (MPN) model. Based on the consistent MPN model, the hardware prototype at register transfer level can be easily induced by using the optimization rules. Finally, main results are presented in the form of three theorems and are supported by some experiments.     

一种基于模糊Petri网的CGF决策方法研究

计算机生成兵力(CGF)系统除了要建立其物理行为模型之外, 还要建立反映其主观意识行为的智能决策模型。以弹道导弹攻防对抗CGF系统为对象, 分析了影响CGF决策的相关因素, 建立了一种模糊Petri网, 用于CGF决策系统建模。最后提出了一种相应的推理算法, 并以弹道导弹攻防对抗为例, 分析了其目标选择决策行为。     

基于FPN推理的多Agent网络故障诊断系统的研究

多Agent诊断系统是一种分布式系统,现已在故障诊断中得到广泛应用.提出一种基于FPN推理的多Agent网络故障诊断模型,该模型利用各部分Agent模块来完成故障诊断过程中的信息搜集与分析,故障的确定以及对故障的处理,其中故障的确定由模糊Petri网推理算法来完成.该模型综合了FPN推理算法的并行性以及多Agent技术对故障诊断与处理的智能性的特点,为实现网络故障的快速诊断提供了一条全新的思路.     

INFERENCE PROCEDURES FOR FUZZY KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION SCHEME

This article presents a formal model of the knowledge representation scheme based on the fuzzy Petri net (FPN) theory. The model is represented as a 13-tuple consisting of the components of the FPN, two functions that give semantic meanings to the scheme and a set of contradictions. For the scheme, called the knowledge representation scheme based on the fuzzy Petri nets theory (KRFPN) the fuzzy inheritance and fuzzy recognition-inference procedures based on the dynamical properties of the FPN, are described in detail. The upper-time complexity of both the proposed inference algorithms is O(nm), where n is the number of places (concepts) and m is the number of transitions (relations) in the scheme. Illustrative examples of the fuzzy inheritance and the fuzzy recognition algorithms for the knowledge base, designed by the KRFPN, are given.     

Decision support model for prioritizing railway level crossings for safety improvements: Application of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy system

Every year, more than 400 people are killed in over 1.200 accidents at road-rail level crossings in the European Union (European Railway Agency, 2011). Together with tunnels and specific road black spots, level crossings have been identified as being a particular weak point in road infrastructure, seriously jeopardizing road safety. In the case of railway transport, level crossings can represent as much as 29% of all fatalities caused by railway operations. In Serbia there are approximately 2.350 public railway level crossings (RLC) across the country, protected either passively (64%) or by active systems (25%). Passive crossings provide only a stationary sign warning of the possibility of trains crossing. Active systems, by contrast, activate automatic warning devices (i.e., flashing lights, bells, barriers, etc.) as a train approaches. Securing a level crossing (whether it has an active or passive system of protection) is a material expenditure, and having in mind that Serbian Railways is a public company directly financed from the budget of the Republic of Serbia, it cannot be expected that all unsecured level crossings be part of a programme of securing them. The most common choice of which level crossings to secure is based on media and society pressure, and on the possible consequences of a rise in the number of traffic accidents at the level crossings. The process of selecting a level crossing where safety equipment will be installed is accompanied by a greater or lesser degree of uncertainty of the essential criteria for making a relevant decision. In order to exploit these uncertainties and ambiguities, fuzzy logic is used in this paper. Here also, modeling of the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is presented, which supports the process of selecting which level crossings should receive an investment of safety equipment. The ANFIS model is a trained set of data which is obtained using a method of fuzzy multi-criteria decision making and fuzzy clustering techniques. 20 experts in road and rail traffic safety at railway level crossings took part in the study. The ANFIS model was trained with the experiential knowledge of these experts and tested on a selection of rail crossings in the Belgrade area regarding an investment of safety equipment. The ANFIS model was tested on 88 level crossings and a comparison was made between the data set it produced and the data set obtained on the basis of predictions made by experts.     

基于遗传-BP算法的FPN参数优化的研究

如何确定模糊产生式规则的各项参数对模糊Petri网(FPN)的建立意义重要，一直是尚未解决的难题。该文把遗传算法与BP算法相结合，引入到模糊Petri网的参数寻优过程，提出了一种基于二阶段的FPN模型的参数优化策略，该策略实现不依赖于经验数据，对初始输入无严格要求。仿真实例表明，经二阶段优化后训练出的参数正确率很高，且所得的FPN模型具有较强的泛化能力和自适应功能。     

基于双枝模糊决策与模糊Petri网的攻击模型研究

以双枝模糊决策和模糊Petri网(FPN)理论为基础，定义了一种全新的网络攻击模型BBFPAN。将网络攻击中对攻击起促进与抑制作用的两方面进行综合考虑与分析，用变迁表示攻击、防御行为的产生发展过程，库所表示系统所处的状态，从而区分了攻击行为和攻击结果，直观地表示网络攻击的演变情况。同时将变迁输入库所集所对应的因素作为决策影响因素，而将变迁作为一个决策，通过双枝模糊决策分析来判断输出库所集中库所的属性。在双枝模糊决策分析基础上，结合一种不确定推理方法，提出了BBFPAN的推理算法，并通过实验验证了算法的正确性。将对网络攻击实施起正反两方面的因素一起考虑和分析，对网络攻击的描述更加切近实际情况。     

采用改进的进化策略优化模糊Petri网参数

模糊产生式规则的各项参数对模糊Petri网（FPN）的建立具有非常重要的意义,寻找一种可以得到合适的FPN参数的方法一直是Petri网研究领域的热点与难点。已有的寻优方法得到的参数还不太令人满意。对传统进化策略做了改进,并采用改进后的进化策略,研究了一种FPN参数优化的新方法。仿真实验的结果表明,改进后的进化策略能提高FPN的参数精度,从而增强了FPN对知识的分析、推理能力。     

遗传神经网络故障诊断自适应Petri网模型

研究故障诊断优化问题。针对传统Petri网难以精确地描述故障现象和故障原因之间的复杂关系,造成故障诊断难以精确,提出了将遗传算法、神经网络和传统Petri网模型结合,形成了一种改进的自适应的加权Petri网模型以及模型的构造算法,同时在此基础上,采用改进的遗传算法对神经网络模型的权值进行优化训练,并给出了采用构造的自适应模糊Petri网模型对故障进行诊断的具体步骤。仿真实例验证了算法的有效性,对柔性制造系统实例的故障进行诊断,验证了此自适应的加权模糊Petri网模型结合了Petri网和遗传算法的优点,具有很强的故障推理能力以及自适应能力,能有效地对故障进行诊断。     

基于规则推理的FPN误用入侵检测方法

针对网络入侵攻击活动的模糊性，提出了一种基于模糊推理的模糊Petri网（FPN）误用入侵检测方法。该方法定义了一个六元组FPN，并将模糊产生式规则精化为两种基本类型。在此基础上给出了FPN表示模糊规则的模型、推理过程和基于FPN的推理算法。最后通过入侵检测的实例对该方法的正确性和有效性进行了验证，结果表明该方法推理过程简单直观、容易实现，而且具有并行推理能力，可适用于大规模的FPN模型，是误用入侵检测技术的一种非常有效的解决方案。