A passivity-based controller under low sampling for speed control of PMSM

Controller performances are strongly limited by the switching frequency of the converter and the computational capacity of the target board. Therefore, in such a context the design of controllers that provide good performances under possible large sampling period length is necessary. To tackle these limitations, a digital design is described for speed control of permanent magnet synchronous machines. It is based on the interconnection and the damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) techniques extensions to the sampled-data context.     

具有外部扰动的PMSM系统的无模型自适应预测控制

针对于一类具有强耦合、负载不确定性和外界干扰的永磁同步电机(PMSM)系统,本文研究了基于无模型自适应预测控制(MFAPC)问题,并提出了一种新颖的MFAPC方案来实现有外界扰动的PMSM系统的速度追踪任务.所提出控制方案的主要优势在于仅使用了被控系统的输入/输出数据,并且对外界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性.此外,还讨论了闭环系统跟踪误差的收敛性以及有界输入有界输出的稳定性.最后,通过与传统的PI控制方案、原型无模型自适应控制(MFAC)方案的仿真结果相比较,验证了所提出MFAPC方案的有效性和优越性.     

改进滑模模型参考自适应的PMSM无传感控制

针对MRAS（模型参考自适应）观测器对PMSM（永磁同步电机）参数变化和外部干扰敏感的缺点,设计了一种用于PMSM无传感控制的软开关滑模模型参考自适应观测器。该观测器将滑模控制与MRAS相结合,并构造了边界层可变的正弦饱和函数,以抑制由于滑模控制引起的系统抖动,增强系统鲁棒性。同时引入sigmoid函数,以提高滑模软切换速度控制器的稳定性。实验仿真结果表明,软开关滑模模型参考自适应控制不仅可以实现边界层内的快速收敛、弱化抖动,而且跟踪能力强。     

A sliding-mode observer for high-performance sensorless control of PMSM with initial rotor position detection

This paper proposes a new method to detect the initial rotor position at standstill of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). To estimate rotor position and rotor speed from the back electromotive force (EMF) voltage, we apply sensorless speed control based on sliding-mode observer (SMO). The initial rotor position is detected by using a suitable high-frequency sequence of voltage pulses intermittently applied to the stator windings at standstill. With this approach, we managed to minimise the error on the estimated position to 3.75° electrical degrees without additional materials and uncomplicated calculations. The stability of the proposed SMO was verified using the Lyapunov method. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate that the novel SMO method can effectively estimate rotor position and speed with achievement of good static and dynamic performance. The experimental implementation is carried out on powerful dSpace DS1103 controller board based on the digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F240.     

永磁同步电机伺服系统功率主回路的设计

功率主回路是交流伺服系统的核心,直接驱动伺服电机工作,由三相整流电路、智能功率模块IPM组成。三相交流电流经功率主回路处理成近似对称的正弦交流电驱动永磁同步电机PMSM工作。良好性能的功率主回路是伺服系统获得好的动态性能和稳态精度的关键。     

Nonlinear adaptive speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor: A perturbation estimation approach

This paper presents a nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) scheme for the speed regulation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on perturbation estimation and feedback linearizing control. All PMSM system’s unknown nonlinearities, parameter uncertainties, and external disturbances including unknown time-varying load torque disturbance, are defined as lumped perturbation terms, which are estimated by designing perturbation observers. The estimates are used to adaptively compensate the real perturbations and achieve adaptive feedback linearizing control of the original nonlinear system. The proposed control scheme does not require accurate system model and full state feedback. Stability of the close-loop system with proposed NAC is investigated via Lyapunov theory, and the effectiveness of proposed NAC scheme is verified through both simulation and experimental studies. Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed NAC scheme can provide less regulation error in speed tracking, better dynamic performance and robustness against parameter uncertainties and load torque disturbance, compared with conventional vector control and load torque estimated based control.     

A resilient adaptive sliding mode observer for sensorless AC salient pole machine drives based on an improved HF injection method

In high frequency (HF) injection methods, classical tracking algorithms are used to estimate the rotor position for sensorless alternating current (AC) salient pole machines. These algorithms were dependent on AC machine inductances which are characterized by their large variations. To overcome this dependency, a new approach based on using only the sign of the rotor position estimation error (instead of using rotor position estimation error) is proposed. This approach has also the advantage of removing the low-pass filter (LPF) used to separate the HF component from the rotor position information. Consequently, only the first order sliding mode observer can be employed to estimate the rotor position, as only the sign of the rotor position estimation error is known. To avoid the well known chattering phenomena of this observer, an adaptive step-by-step sliding mode observer is proposed as an alternative solution to estimate the rotor position of the machine. The stability study of the proposed observer is analyzed both in transient/steady state ranges and a procedure for gains tuning is then given. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on simulation and experimentally in the framework of a representative small-scale electric propulsion benchmark, used in automotive applications. Moreover, a comparison study is conducted with respect to some existing tracking algorithms in order to illustrate the well-founded of the designed algorithm.     

永磁同步直线电机定位力测试实验研究

为满足平板式三相交流永磁同步直线电动机(PMLSM)推力平稳性要求,利用有限元方法分析端部力和齿槽力的形成原因和波动规律,介绍了一种全行程往复运动双向测量的直线电机定位力的方法,可以克服摩擦力的影响,并在样机上实验完成。测试中利用高性能数字信号处理器TMS320F2812DSP采集力传感器和光栅信号,能较准确、快速地计算出对应位置上的定位力,误差稳定在3 N以内。实验结果与理论分析基本一致,为高性能直线电机伺服控制器的改进设计提供了客观数据。     

基于DSP的光纤电流传感器设计与分析

在传统光纤电流传感基础上提出了一种新型基于DSP(digitalsignalprocessor)的光纤电流传感器设计方式 ,并对其工作原理及特性进行了详细的分析和讨论。这种基于DSP的光纤电流传感器为高强电流的测量提供一种新的途径     

Comparison of two novel MRAS based strategies for identifying parameters in permanent magnet synchronous motors

Two model reference adaptive system (MRAS) estimators are developed for identifying the parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) based on the Lyapunov stability theorem and the Popov stability criterion, respectively. The proposed estimators only need online measurement of currents, voltages, and rotor speed to effectively estimate stator resistance, inductance, and rotor flux-linkage simultaneously. The performance of the estimators is compared and verified through simulations and experiments, which show that the two estimators are simple, have good robustness against parameter variation, and are accurate in parameter tracking. However, the estimator based on the Popov stability criterion, which can overcome parameter variation in a practical system, is superior in terms of response speed and convergence speed since there are both proportional and integral units in the estimator, in contrast to only one integral unit in the estimator based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. In addition, the estimator based on the Popov stability criterion does not need the expertise that is required in designing a Lyapunov function.     

永磁同步电机系统的无速度传感器研究

为了提高永磁同步电机系统的抗干扰能力,提出一种无速度传感器方法,用于速度辨识.将滑模(SM)变结构控制与模型参考自适应系统(MRAS)方法相结合,选取电机本体作为参考模型,利用逆变器输出的电压和电流,构建基于磁链方程的可调模型,利用两模型误差运用SM变结构方法辨识速度.在Matlab仿真平台对无速度传感器方法进行了分析,研究结果表明:所提出的无速度传感器方法具有较好的动静态性能,可以实现对速度的准确辨识.     

基于聚类与自适应神经模糊推理的车速预测

针对道路交通系统的非线性和随机性特点,设计一种具有学习能力的车速预测方法。首先,对交通流历史特征数据采用模糊聚类的方法进行状态分类并确立模型结构。然后,建立交通流状态预测的自适应神经模糊系统,以实测交通流数据进行系统参数优化训练。最后,利用MATLAB进行系统的仿真及检测。检测的预测结果表明系统具有良好的应用性能。     

基于DSP和FPGA的被动声探测实时采集系统设计

为了给被动声探测技术研究提供实验验证平台,设计了一种可以进行实时数据采集和处理的系统方案.整个系统以数字信号处理器(DSP)和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)为基本架构,由FPGA控制模数转换器(ADC)采集数据,通过USB 2.0电路将数据传送给个人计算机(PC),用于初期的离线验证;FPGA将采集到的数据通过外部存储器接口(EMIF)传递给DSP,用于实时处理.实验证明:系统实现了被动声探测中的实时数据采集、离线数据存储.数据采集与数据处理分别由不同处理器执行,提高了系统的响应速度与处理性能,能够满足探测系统的实时性要求.     

基于滤波反步法的三相永磁同步电机伺服控制

为解决永磁同步电机的角度伺服控制问题.基于dq轴坐标系建立的电机控制模型,采用滤波反步法设计位置伺服控制器,通过稳定二阶滤波过程逼近虚拟控制量的导数,避免了常规反步法中对虚拟控制量解析求导的繁琐过程.通过设计滤波误差补偿环节,保证了滤波器输出信号对输入信号的跟踪精度.基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论设计鲁棒项,保证了闭环跟踪误差的稳定性,并采用粒子群算法对控制器参数进行优化.最后,通过仿真实验结果表明了该算法的有效性,且具有较高的跟踪精度.     

基于两自由度PID-准谐振控制器的永磁同步电机转矩脉动抑制方法

由于功率变换器死区、磁链谐波等非线性因素的存在,导致电机相电流中含有大量高次谐波,因而电流与磁链共同作用后产生的电磁转矩中也含有各种阶次的谐波,这使得转矩呈现出一种周期性的波动特性,称为转矩脉动。为解决这一问题,分析了转矩脉动产生的原因,为消除引起转矩脉动的谐波电流提出一种PI控制器与准谐振控制器相并联的控制结构。然而,谐振控制器的加入导致电流环响应超调的增加,因此引入两自由度PID控制器以减小电流超调,最终得到一种两自由度PID并联准谐振控制器的控制结构。最后,通过仿真实验对各种控制结构的对比研究,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

干涉型光纤水听器PGC解调的DSP实现

提出了基于数字信号处理器(DSP)系统的相位载波(PGC)解调的软硬件实现。针对PGC解调中混频信号与实际调制信号的频率偏差,在DSP系统实现中采用一路A/D转换器对调制信号进行同步采样,从而克服了频率偏差对解调结果的影响。结合TMS320C6201的CPU结构和片内资源,对算法实现进行了并行优化,实现了系统的实时解调。实验表明:优化后算法的运算时间显著减少,DSP解调信号与参考信号的相关系数达到0.9。     

基于加速度信号的过山车监测预警系统设计

鉴于国家对特种设备安全的要求和大型游乐设施测试系统的现状,设计了一种过山车监测预警系统。系统的信号采集装置安装在过山车上,采用数字信号处理器(DSP)作为主控芯片,运算速度快,可实现数据的实时采集,硬件电路多采用3.3V的低功耗芯片,节能环保。系统采集高频振动加速度和低频运动加速度信号,通过WiFi将数据传输给上位机,上位机软件使用LabVIEW开发,运用小波分析处理数据,并采用BP神经网络算法诊断故障,同时,对采集的信号和标准信号进行快速傅立叶变换(FFT)分析并作频谱图,可直观的检验诊断结果。如果诊断出故障,系统可发出警报并通过通用分组无线业务(GPRS)通知相关工作人员。实验结果表明:系统的运算速度快,诊断结果可靠。     

红外光幕在地铁屏蔽门障碍物探测中的研究

针对现有地铁屏蔽门通过门速曲线的改变来探测障碍物的方法在检测最小尺寸为4 mm×40 mm的障碍物中所存在的不足,提出一种利用红外光幕的障碍物探测方法,并结合数字信号处理器(DSP)的无刷直流电动机控制技术和模糊PID控制算法来实现地铁屏蔽门障碍物的探测,最后在Matlab/Simulink环境中构建了整个系统的数学模型,并对系统在正常情况和遇到障碍物时的关门过程进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:基于该方法设计的地铁屏蔽门障碍物探测系统可以解决现有地铁屏蔽门在障碍物探测方面的不足。     

非匹配不确定系统的滑模控制及在电机控制中的应用

针对具有匹配与非匹配不确定的非线性系统,设计基于干扰观测器和多幂次趋近律的滑模控制策略.首先,通过干扰观测器估计系统的不确定,实现估计误差在有限时间内收敛;其次,基于积分型滑模面,并结合多幂次趋近律,设计了连续滑模控制律,避免了传统滑模的抖振问题.与基于单幂次和双幂次趋近律的滑模控制策略相比,所设计的基于多幂次趋近律的控制策略,提高了系统的收敛速度.最后,通过数值仿真和永磁同步电机控制仿真验证了所设计的控制策略的有效性.     

基于DSP的静电悬浮转子微陀螺测控系统

开发了一种基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的静电悬浮转子微陀螺的可视化闭环测控系统.该系统是在VC33DSP平台下,采用增量式PID算法控制器,对VC33DSP开发系统的外设A/D、D/A和PCI芯片进行编程应用.具体为使用VC++编写可视化界面,对PCI芯片编程实现DSP与PC之间通信,使用VC33DSP汇编语言编程实现数据的输入输出.经编程测试,增量式汇编函数能够有效运行,为静电悬浮转子微陀螺的悬浮、旋转等检测控制实现奠定了一定的基础.