基于二次规划的无线传感器网络数据恢复算法

为提高无线传感器网络数据压缩感知中恢复算法的实时性,提出一种基于二次规划的无线传感器网络数据恢复算法。该算法将压缩感知重构中的欠定线性方程组求解转化为有界约束二次规划问题,在此基础上结合阿米霍步长准则对二次规划进行求解,从而对网络数据进行恢复。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提算法可准确恢复网络数据,并且相比传统压缩感知恢复算法,可明显降低数据恢复的计算复杂度,有效提高网络数据恢复算法的实时性。     

基于压缩网络编码的WSN数据传输技术

介绍了应用于无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN）中的一种数据传输方案--压缩网络编码（Compressed Network Coding,CNC）。在WSN中,通常应用网络编码（Network Coding,NC）来适应拓扑结构的动态变化并提高数据传输效率。考虑到传感器网络中节点测量值之间的相关性,与随机线性网络编码（Random Linear Network Coding,RLNC）方案中的编码操作与压缩感知（Compressed Sensing,CS）中随机投影操作之间的相似性,CNC方案将CS引入到NC中,通过对测量值数据包以及NC局部编码向量的设计,来解决传统NC译码存在的“全有或全无”问题。在汇聚节点收集到的数据包个数小于网络中源节点个数的情况下,CNC方案仍能以高概率精确重构感知数据。仿真结果表明,在合理的误差容许范围内重构测量值,所需的数据包个数仅为传统NC方案所需个数的一半,与传统NC技术相比,CNC方案将数据传输效率提升了20%以上。     

压缩感知在无线传感器网络数据采集中的应用

提出了一种无线传感器网络中基于压缩感知的数据采集方法。通过分析信号压缩观测过程,提出了适合在硬件资源有限的传感器节点中实现的循环稀疏伯努利观测矩阵CSBM(Cyclic-Sparse-Bernoulli Measurement),该矩阵使用循环稀疏矩阵与伪随机伯努利序列,采用结构化的方法构造,具有非零元素少、良好的伪随机性、硬件易于实现等优点。仿真实验表明,与其他类型的观测矩阵相比,CSBM矩阵在一定信号重构精度前提下具有更低的压缩采样比CSR(Compress Sampling Rate)。在无线传感器网络数据采集应用中,感知节点可以通过压缩观测得到更少的观测数据,能够大大减少网络通信数据量。     

Internet of Things Enabled Energy Aware Metaheuristic Clustering for Real Time Disaster Management

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a major element of Internet of Things (IoT) networks which offer seamless sensing and wireless connectivity. Disaster management in smart cities can be considered as a safety critical application. Therefore, it becomes essential in ensuring network accessibility by improving the lifetime of IoT assisted WSN. Clustering and multihop routing are considered beneficial solutions to accomplish energy efficiency in IoT networks. This article designs an IoT enabled energy aware metaheuristic clustering with routing protocol for real time disaster management (EAMCR-RTDM). The proposed EAMCR-RTDM technique mainly intends to manage the energy utilization of nodes with the consideration of the features of the disaster region. To achieve this, EAMCR-RTDM technique primarily designs a yellow saddle goatfish based clustering (YSGF-C) technique to elect cluster heads (CHs) and organize clusters. In addition, enhanced cockroach swarm optimization (ECSO) based multihop routing (ECSO-MHR) approach was derived for optimal route selection. The YSGF-C and ECSO-MHR techniques compute fitness functions using different input variables for achieving improved energy efficiency and network lifetime. The design of YSGF-C and ECSO-MHR techniques for disaster management in IoT networks shows the novelty of the work. For examining the improved outcomes of the EAMCR-RTDM system, a wide range of simulations were performed and the extensive results are assessed in terms of different measures. The comparative outcomes highlighted the enhanced outcomes of the EAMCR-RTDM algorithm over the existing approaches.     

无线传感器网络数据的相关性自适应压缩感知

为减小无线传感器(WSN)网络数据传输过程中相关性发生变化对压缩感知重构精度的影响,提出一种相关性自适应的网络数据重构方法。该方法首先通过迭代对待重构数据的相关性进行估计,进而采用支集元素的两步相关检验方法对网络数据稀疏系数向量中非零元素进行重构,最终得到更为精确的重构数据。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效抑制实际传输过程中各种干扰对网络数据重构的影响,提高网络数据相关性变化情况下的重构准确度。     

WSN中基于压缩感知的分簇数据收集算法

为减少无线传感器网络的数据通信量和能量消耗,基于WSN节点数据时空相关性的特性,提出一种将K-means均衡分簇和CS理论相结合的数据收集方法。首先,通过K-means聚类算法均匀划分网络成簇。然后,各簇首对采集到的数据进行基于时空相关性的压缩感知并传输至基站Sink节点。最后,Sink节点采用OMP算法对收集到的数据进行精准重构。仿真结果表明,该算法有效减少了无线传感器网络的数据通信量和压缩感知算法重构过程所需要的观测量。     

Logistic Regression with Elliptical Curve Cryptography to Establish Secure IoT

Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a modern technology with a wide range of applications and greatly attractive benefits, for example, self-governing, low expenditure on execution and data communication, long-term function, and unsupervised access to the network. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an attractive, exciting paradigm. By applying communication technologies in sensors and supervising features, WSNs have initiated communication between the IoT devices. Though IoT offers access to the highest amount of information collected through WSNs, it leads to privacy management problems. Hence, this paper provides a Logistic Regression machine learning with the Elliptical Curve Cryptography technique (LRECC) to establish a secure IoT structure for preventing, detecting, and mitigating threats. This approach uses the Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm to generate and distribute security keys. ECC algorithm is a light weight key; thus, it minimizes the routing overhead. Furthermore, the Logistic Regression machine learning technique selects the transmitter based on intelligent results. The main application of this approach is smart cities. This approach provides continuing reliable routing paths with small overheads. In addition, route nodes cooperate with IoT, and it handles the resources proficiently and minimizes the 29.95% delay.     

基于压缩感知的无线传感器网络数据收集研究综述

为了对无线传感器网络的压缩数据收集有一个全面的认识和评估,对到目前为止国内外的相关研究成果作了一个系统的介绍。首先,介绍了压缩数据收集及改进方法的框架的建立;然后,分别根据无线传感器网络的传输模式和压缩感知理论的三要素,对压缩数据收集方法分类进行了阐述;接下来,说明了压缩数据收集的自适应和优化问题,与其他方法的联合应用,及实际应用范例;最后,指出了压缩数据收集存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

基于模糊压缩感知的无线传感网络拥塞控制算法

针对无线传感网络(WSN)的拥塞问题,提出了一种将模糊控制和压缩感知(CS)技术相结合来缓解无线传感网络拥塞的算法。首先,将压缩感知技术引进到无线传感网络的拥塞控制中,理论分析了压缩感知对缓解传感网络拥塞的效果,通过对采集数据进行压缩感知处理来减少网络冗余信息,从而缓解网络拥塞。其次,针对网络拥塞时压缩感知技术不能动态适应无线传感网络复杂环境的问题,设计了一种模糊-压缩感知的拥塞控制算法,该算法结合网络拥塞状况对压缩感知的观测矩阵维数进行动态调节,从而使压缩感知技术更好地适应传感网络拥塞状况的变化。该机制在不同的拥塞状况下能够提高网络吞吐量10%~50%,降低网络的丢包率10%~50%,减少网络时延将近5 s。通过NS2仿真表明,该机制对无线传感网络的拥塞缓解有较明显的效果。     

基于压缩感知的无线传感网络数据压缩

无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN）负责感知、采集、处理和监控环境数据,但是容易受限于资源。压缩感知（Compressed Sensing,CS）理论表明,利用最优化理论,稀疏信号可以从少量的非自适应线性投影中高概率精确恢复。根据CS理论设计WSN的数据压缩方法只依赖于信号内在的结构和内容,而不是信号的带宽,弥补了WSN的不足;提出了基于稀疏随机投影的编码方法;仿真结果表明系统在满足误差要求条件下构造的数据包减少至结点数目的30%,提高了WSN通信效率,降低了系统能耗。     

Instrumenting Wireless Sensor Networks — A survey on the metrics that matter

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are part of the technical fundament enabling the ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT), where sensing and actuator nodes instantaneously interact with the environment at large. As such they become part of everyday life and drive applications as diverse as medical monitoring, smart homes, smart environment, and smart factories, to name but a few. To acquire data, individual sensors interact with the physical environment by sensing physical phenomena in proximity. The wireless network connectivity is leveraged to collect the raw data or pre-processed events, and to disseminate code, queries or commands. Actuating capabilities facilitate instant interactions with the environment or application processes. Experience on how to operate large scale heterogeneous WSNs in (critical) real-world applications is still scarce, and operational considerations are often an afterthought to WSN deployment. A principled look into the metrics, i.e., a standard or best practice of measurement of the ‘vital’ parameters in WSNs is still missing. In this article, we contribute a survey on the most important metrics to characterize the performance of WSNs. We define an abstract system model for WSNs, take a look on what the WSN community considers ‘metrics that matter’, and categorize the metrics into scopes of relevance. We discuss the properties of the metrics as well as practical aspects on how to obtain and process them. Our survey can serve as a ‘manual’ for implementors and operators of WSNs in the IoT.     

Enabling end-to-end secure communication between wireless sensor networks and the Internet

In the paradigms of the Internet of Things (IoT) as well as the evolving Web of Things (WoT) and the emerging Wisdom Web of Things (W2T), not only can the data collected by the sensor nodes (i.e., the things) in the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) be transmitted to and processed at Internet nodes and subsequently transformed into information, knowledge, wisdom and eventually into services to serve humans, but human users can also access, control and manage the sensor nodes in the WSNs through nodes in the Internet. Since data are the basis for enabling applications and services in W2T, it becomes imperative that enabling technologies for end-to-end security be developed to secure data communication between Internet user nodes and sensor server nodes to protect the exchange of data. However, traditional security protocols developed for the Internet rely mostly on symmetric authentication and key management based on public key algorithms, thus are deemed to be unsuitable for WSNs due to resource constraints in the sensor nodes. Specifically, acting as the server nodes in this scenario, sensor nodes cannot take on the heavy duty like regular servers in the Internet. Meanwhile, current security mechanisms developed for WSNs have mainly focused on the establishment of keys between neighboring nodes at the link layer and thus are not considered to be effective for end-to-end security in the W2T scenario. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end secure communication scheme for W2T in WSNs in which we follow an asymmetric approach for authentication and key management using signcryption and symmetric key encryption. In our proposed scheme, a great part of the work for authentication and access control is shifted to a gateway between a WSN and the Internet to reduce the burden and energy consumption in the sensor nodes. In addition, our scheme can ensure the privacy of user identities and key negotiation materials, and denial of service (DoS) attacks targeted at the sensor nodes can be effectively blocked at the gateway. We will also conduct quantitative analysis and an experiment to show that our proposed scheme can enhance the effectiveness of end-to-end security while reducing the cost of sensor nodes in terms of computation, communication and storage overhead as well as the latency of handshaking compared to similar schemes that are based on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols.     

Fuzzy rule-based faulty node classification and management scheme for large scale wireless sensor networks

In a wireless sensor network (WSNs), probability of node failure rises with increase in number of sensor nodes within the network. The, quality of service (QoS) of WSNs is highly affected by the faulty sensor nodes. If faulty sensor nodes can be detected and reused for network operation, QoS of WSNs can be improved and will be sustainable throughout the monitoring period. The faulty nodes in the deployed WSN are crucial to detect due to its improvisational nature and invisibility of internal running status. Furthermore, most of the traditional fault detection methods in WSNs do not consider the uncertainties that are inherited in the WSN environment during the fault diagnosis period. Resulting traditional fault detection methods suffer from low detection accuracy and poor performance. To address these issues, we propose a fuzzy rule-based faulty node classification and management scheme for WSNs that can detect and reuse faulty sensor nodes according to their fault status. In order to overcome uncertainties that are inherited in the WSN environment, a fuzzy logic based method is utilized. Fuzzy interface engine categorizes different nodes according to the chosen membership function and the defuzzifier generates a non-fuzzy control to retrieve the various types of nodes. In addition, we employed a routing scheme that reuses the retrieved faulty nodes during the data routing process. We performed extensive experiments on the proposed scheme using various network scenarios. The experimental results are compared with the existing algorithms to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of various important performance metrics.     

压缩视频感知中量化器的研究与设计

压缩视频感知（Compressed Video Sensing,CVS）是一种利用压缩感知（Compressed Sensing,CS）以及分布式视频编码（DVC）的视频压缩方法,故又被称为分布式视频压缩感知。在CVS中,每帧图像经过块划分、压缩采样后对数据进行DPCM,最后使用均匀或者非均匀量化进行量化。目前,CVS量化器的设计大多是在采样数据或残差数据服从高斯分布的前提下设计的,通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验进一步分析压缩采样后的数据,利用劳埃德最佳量化器准则训练量化码书,设计出一种简单、高效的量化器。经实验,设计的量化器相比于传统的量化方法在BD-Rate上减少了约14.2%,在BDPSNR上提升了约0.11?dB,提高了CVS的压缩效率和重建质量。     

基于Legendre序列的确定性测量矩阵

近年来,压缩感知理论飞速发展。很多压缩感知的应用中,信号的测量可以通过卷积滤波和之后的二次采样完成。在此基础上,实现了一种由勒让德（Legendre）序列构造的矩阵。该矩阵在经过二次采样之后,得到一种新的确定性测量矩阵。对于一个K-稀疏的信号,通过该测量矩阵可以对信号进行稳定的恢复重建。据仿真结果显示,在对K-稀疏信号进行恢复的过程中,该测量矩阵的恢复效果与高斯随机测量矩阵的应用效果相当。     

Distributed compressed video sensing based on the optimization of hypothesis set update technique

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Compressed Sensing (CS) breakthroughs the limitation of Nyquist sampling rate and realizes the sampling and compression of data simultaneous. Hence, it is widely...     

Efficient allocation of resources in multiple heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are useful for a wide range of applications, from different domains. Recently, new features and design trends have emerged in the WSN field, making those networks appealing not only to the scientific community but also to the industry. One such trend is the running different applications on heterogeneous sensor nodes deployed in multiple WSNs in order to better exploit the expensive physical network infrastructure. Another trend deals with the capability of accessing sensor generated data from the Web, fitting WSNs in novel paradigms of Internet of Things (IoT) and Web of Things (WoT). Using well-known and broadly accepted Web standards and protocols enables the interoperation of heterogeneous WSNs and the integration of their data with other Web resources, in order to provide the final user with value-added information and applications. Such emergent scenarios where multiple networks and applications interoperate to meet high level requirements of the user will pose several changes in the design and execution of WSN systems. One of these challenges regards the fact that applications will probably compete for the resources offered by the underlying sensor nodes through the Web. Thus, it is crucial to design mechanisms that effectively and dynamically coordinate the sharing of the available resources to optimize resource utilization while meeting application requirements. However, it is likely that Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different applications cannot be simultaneously met, while efficiently sharing the scarce networks resources, thus bringing the need of managing an inherent tradeoff. In this paper, we argue that a middleware platform is required to manage heterogeneous WSNs and efficiently share their resources while satisfying user needs in the emergent scenarios of WoT. Such middleware should provide several services to control running application as well as to distribute and coordinate nodes in the execution of submitted sensing tasks in an energy-efficient and QoS-enabled way. As part of the middleware provided services we present the Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous WSNs (SACHSEN) algorithm. SACHSEN is a new resource allocation heuristic for systems composed of heterogeneous WSNs that effectively deals with the tradeoff between possibly conflicting QoS requirements and exploits heterogeneity of multiple WSNs.     

压缩传感理论在参数估计中的应用

参数估计是信号处理许多领域研究的热点,并有着广泛应用。通过引入压缩传感（Compressed Sensing,CS）理论的思想,提出了一种基于压缩传感理论的信号参数估计方法。它省略了抛弃大部分高速采样的数据来实现压缩的中间过程,通过使用少量非适应随机投影来完成。与匹配追踪（MP）算法相比,此算法在相同的低采样点数下有明显的优势。理论分析及计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

基于均衡分簇的无线传感器网络压缩数据收集

应用压缩感知（CS）理论结合稀疏随机投影的无线传感器网络（WSN）压缩数据收集（CDG）可以大大减少网络传输的数据量。针对随机选择投影节点作为簇头来收集数据导致网络整体能耗不稳定和不平衡的问题,提出两种平衡投影节点的压缩数据收集方法。对于节点分布均匀WSN,提出基于空间位置的均衡分簇法：首先,均匀划分网格;然后,在每个网格选举投影节点,依距离最短原则成簇;最后,由投影节点收集簇内数据到汇聚节点完成数据收集,从而使得投影节点分布均匀、网络能耗均衡。对于节点分布不均匀的WSN,提出基于节点密度的均衡分簇法：同时考虑节点的位置和密度,对节点数量少的网格不再选择投影节点,将网格内的少量节点分配到邻近的网格,从而平衡网络能量,延长网络寿命。仿真结果表明,与随机投影节点法相比,所提的两种方法的网络寿命均延长了25%以上,剩余节点数在网络运行中期均能达到2倍左右,具有更好的网络连通性,显著提高了整个网络的生命周期。     

基于小波树模型的CoSaMP压缩感知算法

无线传感网络存在网络带宽限制和传感器节点的能耗问题,实际应用中通常希望可以通过重构算法从采集的少量数据中还原出原始信息,压缩感知理论为上述问题提供了一个解决思路。利用压缩感知理论,对无线传感器网络中温度传感器的监测信号进行了压缩感知的应用研究。针对传统压缩采样匹配追踪(CoSaMP)算法中测量次数多、重构精度低等问题,利用信号的小波系数所形成的连通树的结构特性,提出了基于小波树模型的压缩采样匹配追踪算法。将该算法应用到无线传感器网络监测信号的压缩感知仿真实验中,与传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法的重构性能进行比较,结果表明该算法较传统压缩采样匹配追踪算法在一定范围内对无线传感器网络中的温度信号具有更好的压缩感知性能。