高硬度硅橡胶耐热性能与回弹性能的改善

西安交通大学的王艳等人通过添加气相法白炭黑增加硅橡胶的硬度，添加金属氧化物（二氧化铈）改善硅橡胶的热稳定性。当100份硅橡胶中添加14．5份气相法白炭黑时，硅橡胶的邵尔A硬度为90度，但常温性能明显下降，硫化后性能也大幅度下降；添加1．5份二氧化铈后，硅橡胶的热老化性能提高，     

白炭黑处理工艺对加成型液体硅橡胶性能的影响

以六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDZ)为主处理剂、水为助处理剂,对气相法白炭黑进行表面处理,并将改性白炭黑用于制备加成型液体硅橡胶。研究了HMDZ的较佳用量,并在此基础上采用"两步法"替代"一步法",改进白炭黑的处理工艺。探讨了前后添加的HMDZ质量比对加成型液体硅橡胶性能的影响。结果表明,采用"一步法"制备补强基胶时,HMDZ的较佳用量为白炭黑质量的25%;"两步法"工艺在前后添加的HMDZ质量比为7∶3时,对白炭黑的表面处理效果优于"一步法",此条件下制得的硅橡胶拉伸强度为8. 1 MPa、拉断伸长率为405%、邵尔A硬度为56度、回弹性为76%、撕裂强度39. 98 k N/m,透光率为87. 1%,雾度为7. 13%。     

硅烷偶联剂在气相白炭黑表面处理中的应用研究

本文考察了几种不同硅烷偶联剂对气相白炭黑的表面处理效果.对处理前后的气相白炭黑作了FT-IR分析,并用正交试验法考察了处理剂类型、处理时间及处理温度对产品疏水性的影响.结果表明,用18％的HMDS作处理剂,将气相白炭黑在90℃条件下处理4h,所得的疏水性气相白炭黑能很好改善RTV-2硅橡胶的工艺性能和力学性能;另外,采用胶料中直接混合的方式HMDS也能有效改善胶料工艺性能.     

1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁对RTV-2硅橡胶耐热性能的影响

以端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为基胶,沉淀法白炭黑为填料制得双组分室温硫化(RTV-2)硅橡胶。研究了1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁用量对RTV-2硅橡胶耐热空气老化性能的影响。结果表明:在300℃和320℃热空气老化条件下,1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁加入量为0.1～1.5份时,RTV-2硅橡胶的耐热性能明显提高,经340℃×50 h热空气老化后,二茂铁用量为0.1份和1.5份的RTV-2硅橡胶已经老化变脆,完全失去使用性能。而二茂铁用量为0.2份和0.5份的RTV-2硅橡胶仍具有一定的力学性能,此时RTV-2硅橡胶的抗热老化性能最优。     

单组分脱醇型密封胶的研制

以端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(107硅橡胶)为基胶、甲基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为交联剂、纳米碳酸钙和气相法白炭黑为补强填料、硅烷偶联剂为增粘剂,有机钛为催化剂,制得单组分脱醇型室温硫化(RTV-1)硅橡胶。研究了基胶黏度,填料、交联剂、增粘剂的种类和用量对脱醇型RTV-1硅橡胶性能的影响。较佳配方为:100份黏度50 000 mm2/s的107硅橡胶、5份甲基三甲氧基硅烷与乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷按质量比7∶3复配的交联剂、0.4～0.6份自制氨基硅烷偶联剂。按此配方制得的RTV-1硅橡胶的性能较好。     

单组分RTV硅橡胶的制备方法

以端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(107胶)为基胶、甲基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷为交联剂、纳米碳酸钙和气相白炭黑为补强填料、氨基硅烷和环氧基硅烷为偶联剂,制得脱醇型单组分室温硫化(RTV-1)硅橡胶。研究了搅拌速率、交联剂、硅烷偶联剂及催化剂的处理方法对RTV-1硅橡胶性能的影响。结果表明,搅拌速率明显影响胶料的黏度高峰以及产品性能,交联剂混合一段时间后再使用会延长RTV-1硅橡胶的表干时间;而硅烷偶联剂和催化剂混合一段时间后再使用则会缩短RTV-1硅橡胶的表干时间。     

耐热阻燃硅橡胶的研制

以107硅橡胶为基胶、白炭黑为补强填料、Fe2O3为耐热添加剂、硅氮烷为羟基清除剂、氢氧化镁和十溴联苯醚为阻燃剂,配制了脱酮肟型单组分室温硫化(RTV-1)硅橡胶;讨论了耐热添加剂用量、白炭黑表面处理与否以及羟基清除剂使用与否对RTV硅橡胶耐热性的影响,并测试了硅橡胶的阻燃性能。结果表明,RTV-1硅橡胶中加入表面经硅烷偶联剂处理的氧化铁红后,其耐热性大增;当氧化铁红的用量为10份时,RTV-1硅橡胶经260℃×24h热老化后,其拉伸强度、扯断伸长率及硬度的变化率均小于10%;使用经六甲在二硅氮烷表面处理的沉淀法白炭黑作补强填料、硅氮烷作羟基清除剂,也有利于提高硅橡校的耐热性;使用氢氧化镁和十溴联苯醚的复配阻燃剂,能有效提高硅橡胶的阻燃性,使硅橡胶的阻燃性达到FV-0级。     

气相法纳米白炭黑的表面疏水改性

以六甲基二硅氮烷为主表面处理剂,二甲基二乙氧基硅烷为助处理剂,研究不同溶剂、反应温度和时间对气相法白炭黑表面疏水改性效果的影响,并对比研究未改性白炭黑和改性白炭黑对硅橡胶复合膜分离因子的影响。结果表明,以甲苯为溶剂、反应温度为110℃、反应时间为90min时白炭黑的改性效果较好;改性白炭黑/硅橡胶复合膜的分离因子较未改性白炭黑/硅橡胶复合膜高。     

气相法白炭黑对单组分室温硫化硅橡胶性能的影响

早在上世纪六十年代，单组分室温硫化硅橡胶（以下简称RTV-1）就作为一种多功能和用途广泛的高性能密封剂广泛应用于家用及工业上。RTV-1作为一种可以在室温条件下利用湿气固化的单组分体系，它具有一系列的优异性能：良好的流变性和固化性能，极好的自粘性和透明性，优异的耐高低温性、耐候性、耐臭氧和耐化学物质等性能。这些优异的性能主要与RTV-1体系中的三个因素有关：有机硅聚合物、交联体系和补强填料，而气相法白炭黑是最有效最通用的补强填料。     

氢氧化铝对脱醇型RTV-1硅橡胶性能的影响

以α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为基胶、气相法白炭黑为填料、氢氧化铝为阻燃剂，制得无机阻燃脱醇型单组分室温硫化（RTV-1）硅橡胶。通过测试硅橡胶的阻燃性能、力学强度、锥形量热、热失重分析、交联密度和扫描电镜观察其拉伸断面形貌探讨了氢氧化铝对阻燃脱醇型硅橡胶的阻燃和力学性能的影响。结果表明，氢氧化铝不仅是脱醇型硅橡胶的良好阻燃剂，而且是其良好的补强剂；添加60份氢氧化铝时，脱醇型RTV1硅橡胶的燃烧氧指数达到36％，拉伸强度为1．34MPa，断裂伸长率为392％，邵尔A硬度为48度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。