品质改良剂对复合杂粮面包粉流变学特性的影响

以营养优化后的复配杂粮面包粉为原料,选择谷朊粉、硬脂酰乳酸钠（sodium stearoyl lactylate,SSL）、黄原胶及瓜尔豆胶为品质改良剂,通过单因素试验研究4 种品质改良剂对杂粮面包粉流变学特性的影响,在此基础上通过响应面分析试验,以面团综合得分为响应值,得出复合改良剂的最佳配方为：1 000 g杂粮面包粉（杂粮粉占比34%）为基重,谷朊粉3.77%、SSL 0.35%、黄原胶1.08%、瓜尔豆胶0.35%。各因素对杂粮面包粉综合评分的影响大小为：黄原胶添加量＞谷朊粉添加量＞瓜尔豆胶添加量＞SSL添加量。添加复合改良剂后杂粮面包粉的稳定时间由4.7 min上升到14.2 min,形成时间由3.9 min上升到了13.3 min,粉质指数从56上升到192。复配杂粮面包粉流变学特性有很大程度改善,达到制作杂粮面包的粉质要求。     

大麦面包复合改良剂的优化及其对面包品质的改善作用

为获得性能优良的大麦面包复合改良剂,以满足生产营养与品质兼优大麦面包(含大麦粉55%)的需要。选用6种改良剂,以面包综合评分为依据,采用部分因子和中心组合设计等试验获得优化的复合改良剂,并利用C-Cell图像分析仪和物性仪分析和确证复合改良剂对大麦面包品质的改善效果。结果表明,优化的复合改良剂组成及添加量为:β-葡聚糖酶0.064 9%、谷朊粉7.526 9%、α-淀粉酶0.008 9%、TG0.090 0%、蔗糖酯0.300 0%、Vc 0.012 5%;使用优化复合改良剂的大麦面包与优化前相比,其面包片周长与内部气孔数量均增加,孔洞面积减小,比容提高了45%;同时,新鲜大麦面包及其在贮藏期内质构特性明显改善,硬度减小、弹性增加、咀嚼性提升。优化的复合改良剂适用于高含量大麦粉面包的生产。     

一种米粉面包的加工工艺研究

选取米粉为制作面包的主要原料。通过单因素试验分析不同的谷朊粉的添加量、单甘酯的添加量、水的添加量、白砂糖的添加量、食盐的添加量、酵母的添加量以及黄油的添加量对米粉面包感官评分的影响。结果表明:谷朊粉的添加量、单甘酯的添加量、水的添加量及黄油的添加量4个因素对米粉面包感官评分的影响比较明显。根据单因素得出的结果,以谷朊粉的添加量、单甘酯的添加量、水的添加量及黄油的添加量4个因素通过正交试验优化米粉面包配方,结果表明:米粉面包的最优配方为谷朊粉添加量4%、单甘酯添加量0.3%、水添加量60%、黄油添加量8%。所得米粉面包与普通面包的品质非常接近,而且具有大米的营养。     

复配食品添加剂对莜麦蔓越莓面包品质的影响

单因素试验中,以感官评分、面包比容和色泽为评价指标,筛选出单一食品添加剂的最佳添加量是:单甘酯0.5%、沙蒿胶1.5%、谷朊粉3%。在单因素试验的基础上,设计正交试验,以感官评分、比容和质构为评价指标,将单甘酯、沙蒿胶和谷朊粉进行复配,得出的最佳复配比是:单甘酯0.6%,沙蒿胶1.5%,谷朊粉2%。在此条件下,莜麦蔓越莓面包感官评分最高,比容最大,质构特性中弹性最大,硬度、内聚性最小;莜麦蔓越莓面包的品质得到最大程度的改良。     

青麦仁面包加工中复合改良剂使用优化研究

研究了谷朊粉、α-淀粉酶、L-抗坏血酸对青麦仁面包品质的影响,并对青麦仁面包的品质特性进行了优化分析。结果表明:谷朊粉最适添加量为5%,青麦仁面包的筋度较好;α-淀粉酶最适添加量为0.007%,青麦仁面包内部组织结构较好;L-抗坏血酸最适添加量为0.01%,青麦仁面包色泽和风味较好。复合改良剂响应面实验得出主次因素:谷朊粉α-淀粉酶 L-抗坏血酸,最佳添加量:谷朊粉添加量5.56%,α-淀粉酶添加量0.0071%,L-抗坏血酸添加量0.0099%,在此条件下,青麦仁面包的感官评价值为80.09。     

面包改良剂对马铃薯面包质构特性的影响

为改善马铃薯面包的品质,在混合粉中添加面包改良剂,以质构特性(硬度、弹性、胶着度、咀嚼度)、比容为评价指标。研究面包改良剂谷朊粉、马铃薯淀粉、硬脂酰乳酸钠、乳清蛋白添加量对马铃薯面包品质的影响。研究结果表明:在谷朊粉添加量10%、马铃薯淀粉添加量3%、硬脂酰乳酸钠添加量0.2%、乳清蛋白添加量3%的条件下制备的马铃薯面包品质优于未经优化的对照组,其中比容值是对照组的1.52倍,硬度值、胶着度值、咀嚼度值显著降低、弹性值升高。研究结果为马铃薯主食化生产提供理论依据。     

大米面包制作及其感官品质研究

以米粉和高筋小麦粉为主要原料制作大米面包。采用单因素和正交试验,探讨了米粉添加量、谷朊粉添加量和加水量对大米面包感官评分的影响。试验结果表明:生产大米面包的最佳米粉添加量为50%,谷朊粉添加量15%、加水量85%,其中米粉添加量和谷朊粉添加量是影响大米面包的主要因素。运用该配方制作的大米面包感官评分最高,其体积、组织结构、口感等感官指标都接近于普通面包,并有甜香的大米味。大米面包的开发丰富了现有面包品种,提高了碎米的利用率,降低了普通面包的生产成本,具有良好的发展前景。     

糙米小麦复合面包的工艺研究

以小麦粉和糙米粉为主要原料制作糙米小麦复合面包。通过采用单因素和正交试验,探讨糙米粉、谷朊粉、酵母和绵白糖的添加量对糙米小麦复合面包感官品质、比容和质构的影响,确定糙米小麦复合面包的最佳工艺参数为:高筋小麦粉70%、糙米粉30%、谷朊粉12 g、酵母1.2 g、糖12 g、盐0.6 g、改良剂0.6 g、水58 g、黄油6 g。在此配方基础上,用低聚异麦芽糖替换绵白糖,电子鼻测定结果显示不同低聚异麦芽糖替换量所制作的糙米小麦复合面包在风味变化上存在差异;用30 g低聚异麦芽糖全部替换绵白糖所制作的面包与最优糙米小麦复合面包风味区分度明显,可以很好的区分出来。     

谷朊粉对面包基础粉品质特性的影响

探讨不同添加量的谷朊粉对面包基础粉蛋白质的品质、流变特性及面包烘焙品质的影响。结果表明:谷朊粉可以明显增加面包基础粉的湿面筋含量、沉淀值和蛋白质含量,强化其流变学特性,有效改善面包烘焙品质,增大面包比容和高径比并改善其弹性和硬度。当谷朊粉添加量为10%时,面包烘焙品质最好。     

添加烤制马铃薯的小麦粉面包加工配方的优化

本文以高筋小麦粉2000 g,添加鸡蛋0.05%、食盐1.50%、白砂糖15%、酵母1.50%、黄油4.00%、奶粉10%为面包的基础配方,通过单因素实验和响应面试验对烤制马铃薯、谷朊粉、改良剂量进行优化,从而得出最佳配方。由响应面结果可知,加入高筋小麦粉质量的25%烤制马铃薯、0.60%改良剂、0.90%谷朊粉,所做出的面包硬度为181.110 g,和预测值180.857 g接近,说明用响应面法优化的工艺可行。     

穇子馒头生产工艺及体外抗氧化性研究

目的 研究穇子馒头生产工艺及其抗氧化性.方法 采用单因素试验和正交试验,以感官评分为评价指标,研究穇子粉添加量、谷朊粉添加量、酵母的添加量和发酵时间对馒头品质的影响,并通过羟基自由基清除法分析穇子馒头的体外抗氧化效果.结果 穇子馒头的最佳工艺条件为:以高筋面粉100 g为基准,穇子粉添加量20 g、谷朊粉添加量15 g...     

食品添加剂对冷藏发酵糙米面包品质的影响研究

通过使用食品添加剂(羧甲基纤维素钠、瓜尔胶和单双甘油脂肪酸酯)改良冷藏发酵糙米面包品质,以面团的质构特性、水分状态、发酵力及其面包的质构特性、色泽和比容为评价指标,通过对比研究确定冷藏发酵糙米面包中添加剂的最适添加量。结果表明:0.04%羧甲基纤维素钠、0.04%瓜尔胶和0.04%单双甘油脂肪酸酯按1∶1∶1组成的0.12%复配添加量为冷藏发酵糙米面包最适添加量,与未使用添加剂的对照组相比,面团和面包硬度降低了30.8%和45.7%,弹性提高了54.7%和23.3%;面团强结合水和弱结合水显著增多,内部水分稳定,且面团发酵力增大了42.8%;相应面团制作的面包颜色最浅最亮白,面包比容增大了53.6%。     

Protein Characteristics that Affect the Quality of Vital Wheat Gluten to be Used in Baking: A Review

The use of vital wheat gluten in the baking industry and wheat flour mills aims to improve the rheological characteristics of flour considered unsuitable to obtain products such as sliced bread, French bread, high‐fiber breads, and other products that require strong flours. To improve characteristics such as flour strength, dough mixing tolerance, and bread volume, vital wheat gluten is added to flour at levels that can vary from 2% to 10% (flour basis), with 5% being a commonly used dosage. However, the vital wheat gluten commercialized in the market has few quality specifications, especially related to the characteristics of the proteins that constitute it and are responsible for the formation of the viscoelastic gluten network. Information on protein quality is important, because variations are observed in the technological quality of vital wheat gluten obtained from different sources, which could be associated to damage caused to proteins during the obtainment process. Several tests, either physical–chemical analyses, or rheological tests, are carried out to establish gluten quality; however, they are sometimes time‐consuming and costly. Although these tests give good answers to specify gluten quality, flour mills, and the baking industries require fast and simple tests to evaluate the uses and/or dosage of vital gluten addition to wheat flour. This review covers the concepts, uses, obtainment processes, and quality analysis of vital wheat gluten, as well as simple tests to help identify details about protein quality of commercial vital wheat gluten.     

不同全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头品质的影响研究

目的 探讨不同全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头品质影响的变化规律.方法 采用不同比例全麦粉(0、10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％、100％)替代小麦粉,测定了混合粉的湿面筋含量和流变学特性,对比新鲜馒头,评价全麦粉替代率对冷冻馒头外观、质构和感官品质的影响.结果 随全麦粉替代率增加,面团湿面...     

紫苏面包粉的制备及其粉质特性分析

以面包专用粉为主料,添加紫苏油粕粉制备具有紫苏风味的紫苏面包粉,并添加适量的谷朊粉改善其粉质特性,采用粉质仪检测,以吸水量、形成时间、稳定时间和质量指数为考核指标,研究紫苏油粕粉和谷朊粉添加量对紫苏面包粉品质的影响。结果表明,紫苏油粕粉添加量10%,谷朊粉添加7%时,紫苏面包粉粉质最优:吸水量60.9%,形成时间10 min20s,稳定时间12min 36s,质量指数140。     

苦荞粉添加量对面团性质及馒头品质的影响

通过添加不同量的苦荞粉配成苦荞-小麦混粉,研究混粉揉混特性、面团微观结构的变化以及苦荞馒头的感官品质。结果表明,当添加量在5%~15%时,揉混结果中的和面时间和峰值面积变化不大,微观结构中蛋白质面筋网络结构略微减弱,但当添加量达到20%后,和面时间和峰值面积都有大幅度降低,微观面筋网络结构也出现明显的下降。同时,苦荞粉添加量为15%时馒头感官品质较好。综合分析可知,添加量为15%时苦荞馒头仍具有较好的品质。     

Effect of green plantain flour addition to gluten‐free bread on functional bread properties and resistant starch content

Green plantain flour (GPF) was used as a functional ingredient to produce gluten‐free (GF) bread based on a flour blend of rice flour and GF wheat starch (50:50) to improve their functional properties and to increase their resistant starch (RS) content. In pretrials, an addition of up to 30% GPF provided acceptable bread quality with maximum RS content. Based on these trials, two 2³ factorial screening experimental designs were applied, where water content, baking temperature and baking time of GF bread containing 30% GPF addition were optimised. The best baking conditions to achieve satisfying GF bread quality – higher loaf volume, softer crumb firmness and regular porosity structure at the highest RS content could be defined to a maximum addition of water at 160%, baking temperature of 180 °C and baking time of 90 min. The incorporation of GPF showed good potential to improve the quality of GF bread.     

Combined effects of wheat gluten and carboxymethylcellulose on dough rheological behaviours and gluten network of potato–wheat flour-based bread

Incorporating high level of potato flour into wheat flour enhances nutritional values of bread but induces a series of problems that lead to the decline of the bread quality. To overcome the barrier, wheat gluten and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were added into potato–wheat composite flour to improve dough machinability and bread quality. The rheological properties, thermo-mechanical properties and microstructures of dough were investigated. The results showed that the interaction between gluten and CMC mitigated the discontinuity of gluten matrix and gluten protein aggregation caused by the addition of potato flour, which yielded a more branched and compact gluten network. The compact three-dimensional viscoelastic structure induced improvements of gas retention capacity and dough stability, making it mimic the machinability properties of wheat flour dough. Bread qualities were apparently improved with the combined use of 4% gluten and 6% CMC, of which specific volume increased by 42.86%, and simultaneously, hardness reduced by 75.93%.     

罐罐面品质特性的改良初探

以蔗糖酯、单甘酯、谷朊粉、瓜尔豆胶、葡萄糖氧化酶为添加荆,采用单因素及多因素研究方法对罐罐面进行有针对性的品质改良,并配制成复合型面粉品质改良荆,可以显著地改善面粉的加工特性及罐罐面品质.罐罐面品质改良复合添加剂的最佳配方为:蔗糖酯0.4%、单甘酯0.1%、谷朊粉7.5%、瓜尔豆胶0.4%、葡萄糖氧化酶40mg/kg,此时面条感官评价最高得分为93.2分.